Combined High Pressure and Thermal Processing on Inactivation of Type E and Nonproteolytic Type B and F Spores of Clostridium botulinum

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
pp. 2054-2061 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUY E. SKINNER ◽  
KRISTIN M. MARSHALL ◽  
TRAVIS R. MORRISSEY ◽  
VIVIANA LOEZA ◽  
EDUARDO PATAZCA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Thermal Processing ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Test System ◽  
High Pressure Processing ◽  
Type B ◽  
Genetic Fingerprint ◽  
D Values

The aim of this study was to determine the resistance of multiple strains of the three nonproteolytic types of Clostridium botulinum (seven strains of type E, eight of type B, and two of type F) spores exposed to combined high pressure and thermal processing. The resistance of spores suspended in N-(2-acetamido)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (ACES) buffer (0.05 M, pH 7) was determined at a process temperature of 80°C with high pressures of 600, 650, and 700 MPa using a laboratory-scale pressure test system. Spores of C. botulinum serotype E strains demonstrated less resistance than nonproteolytic spores of type B or F strains when processed at 80°C and 600 MPa for up to 15 min. All C. botulinum type E strains were reduced by >6.0 log units within 5 min under these conditions. Among the nonproteolytic type B strains, KAP 9-B was the most resistant, resulting in reductions of 2.7, 5.3, and 5.5 log, coinciding with D-values of 7.7, 3.4, and 1.8 min at 80°C and 600, 650, and 700 MPa, respectively. Of the two nonproteolytic type F strains, 610F was the most resistant, showing 2.6-, 4.5-, and 5.3-log reductions with D-values of 8.9, 4.3, and 1.8 min at 80°C and 600, 650, and 700 MPa, respectively. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was performed to examine the genetic relatedness of strains tested and to determine if strains with similar banding patterns also exhibited similar D-values. No correlation between the genetic fingerprint of a particular strain and its resistance to high pressure processing was observed.

Combined High Pressure and Thermal Processing on Inactivation of Type A and Proteolytic Type B Spores of Clostridium botulinum

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 1384-1392 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. RUKMA REDDY ◽  
KRISTIN M. MARSHALL ◽  
TRAVIS R. MORRISSEY ◽  
VIVIANA LOEZA ◽  
EDUARDO PATAZCA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Thermal Processing ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Type A ◽  
Test System ◽  
High Pressure Processing ◽  
Type B ◽  
Botulinum Type ◽  
D Values

The aim of this study was to determine the resistance of multiple strains of Clostridium botulinum type A and proteolytic type B spores exposed to combined high pressure and thermal processing and compare their resistance with Clostridium sporogenes PA3679 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TMW-2.479-Fad-82 spores. The resistance of spores suspended in N-(2-acetamido)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (ACES) buffer (0.05 M, pH 7.0) was determined at a process temperature of 105°C, with high pressures of 600, 700, and 750 MPa by using a laboratory-scale pressure test system. No surviving spores of the proteolytic B strains were detected after processing at 105°C and 700 MPa for 6 min. A >7-log reduction of B. amyloliquefaciens spores was observed when processed for 4 min at 105°C and 700 MPa. D-values at 105°C and 700 MPa for type A strains ranged from 0.57 to 2.28 min. C. sporogenes PA3679 had a D-value of 1.48 min at 105°C and 700 MPa. Spores of the six type A strains with high D-values along with C. sporogenes PA3679 and B. amyloliquefaciens were further evaluated for their pressure resistance at pressures 600 and 750 MPa at 105°C. As the process pressure increased from 600 to 750 MPa at 105°C, D-values of some C. botulinum strains and C. sporogenes PA3679 spores decreased (i.e., 69-A, 1.91 to 1.33 min and PA3679, 2.35 to 1.29 min). Some C. botulinum type A strains were more resistant than C. sporogenes PA3679 and B. amyloliquefaciens to combined high pressure and heat, based on D-values determined at 105°C. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was also performed to establish whether strains with a similar restriction banding pattern also exhibited similar D-values. However, no correlation between the genomic background of a strain and its resistance to high pressure processing was observed, based on PFGE analysis. Spores of proteolytic type B strains of C. botulinum were less resistant to combined high pressure and heat (700 MPa and 105°C) treatment when compared with spores of type A strains.

Effect of Packaging Systems and Pressure Fluids on Inactivation of Clostridium botulinum Spores by Combined High Pressure and Thermal Processing

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDUARDO PATAZCA ◽  
TRAVIS R. MORRISSEY ◽  
VIVIANA LOEZA ◽  
N. RUKMA REDDY ◽  
GUY E. SKINNER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Thermal Processing ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Test System ◽  
High Pressure Processing ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Packaging System ◽  
Test Systems ◽  
Pressure Test

Several studies have been published on the inactivation of bacterial spores by using high pressure processing in combination with heat. None of the studies investigated the effect of the packaging system or the pressurizing fluid on spore inactivation. The objective of this study was to select and validate an appropriate packaging system and pressure transfer fluid for inactivation of Clostridium botulinum spores by using high pressure processing in combination with thermal processing. Inactivation of spores packaged in three packaging systems (plastic pouches, cryovials, and transfer pipettes) was measured in two pressure test systems (laboratory-scale and pilot-scale) at 700 MPa and >105°C. Total destruction (>6.6-log reduction) of the spores packaged in the graduated tube part of transfer pipettes was obtained after processing for up to 10 min at 118°C and 700 MPa in both pressure test systems, compared with the spores packaged either in plastic pouches or cryovials. Reduction of spores packaged in plastic pouches was lowest (<4.8 log) for both pressure test systems when processed at the same conditions (i.e., 700 MPa and 118°C). Within the pilot-scale pressure system, increasing the process temperature from 118 to 121°C at 700 MPa for 10 min resulted in only a small increase in spore reduction (<5.1 log) for spores packaged in plastic pouches, whereas there were no recoverable spores for either of the other two packaging systems. Use of plastic pouches for packaging spores in inactivation kinetic studies could lead to erroneous conclusions about the effect of high pressure in combination with heat. BioGlycol is the pressure–heat transfer fluid of choice, as compared with Duratherm oil, to maximize the temperature response rate during pressurization within the laboratory-scale pressure test system.

Effect of Sporulation Temperature on the Resistance of Clostridium botulinum Type A Spores to Thermal and High Pressure Processing

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
KRISTIN M. MARSHALL ◽  
LOUIS NOWACZYK ◽  
TRAVIS R. MORRISSEY ◽  
VIVIANA LOEZA ◽  
LINDSAY A. HALIK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Type A ◽  
Test System ◽  
High Pressure Processing ◽  
Decimal Reduction Time ◽  
Optimum Growth Temperature ◽  
Botulinum Type ◽  
Log Linear

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sporulation temperature on the resistance of Clostridium botulinum type A spores of strains 62A and GiorgioA to thermal and high pressure processing (HPP). Spore crops produced in Trypticase–peptone–glucose–yeast extract broth at four incubation temperatures (20, 27, 37, and 41°C) were harvested, and heat resistance studies were conducted at 105°C (strain 62A) and 100°C (strain GiorgioA). Resistance to HPP was evaluated by subjecting the spores to a high pressure (700 MPa) and temperature combination (105°C, strain 62A; 100°C strain GiorgioA) in a laboratory-scale pressure test system. The decimal reduction time (D-value) was calculated using the log-linear model. Although the time to sporulation for GiorgioA was shorter and resulted in higher spore concentrations than for 62A at 20, 27, and 37°C, GiorgioA did not produce a sufficient spore crop at 41°C to be evaluated. The heat resistance of 62A spores was greatest when produced at 27°C and decreased for spore crops produced above or below 27°C (D105°C-values: 20°C, 1.9 min; 27°C, 4.03 min; 37°C, 3.66 min; and 41°C, 3.5 min; P < 0.05). Unlike 62A, the heat resistance behavior of GiorgioA spores increased with rising sporulation temperature, and spores formed at the organism's optimum growth temperature of 37°C were the most resistant (D100°C-values: 20°C, 3.4 min; 27°C, 5.08 min; and 37°C, 5.65 min; P < 0.05). Overall, all spore crops were less resistant to pressure-assisted thermal processing than thermal treatment alone. Sporulation temperature has an effect on the resistance of C. botulinum spores to heat and HPP, and is characteristic to a particular strain. Knowledge of the effect of sporulation temperature on the resistance of C. botulinum spores is vital for the production of spores utilized in thermal and high pressure inactivation studies.

Effect of High Pressures in Combination with Temperature on the Inactivation of Spores of Nonproteolytic Clostridium botulinum Types B and F

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUY E. SKINNER ◽  
TRAVIS R. MORRISSEY ◽  
EDUARDO PATAZCA ◽  
VIVIANA LOEZA ◽  
LINDSAY A. HALIK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
High Pressure Processing ◽  
Process Temperature ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
D Values ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pressure Combination

ABSTRACT The impact of high pressure processing on the inactivation of spores of nonproteolytic Clostridium botulinum is important in extended shelf life chilled low-acid foods. The three most resistant C. botulinum strains (Ham-B, Kap 9-B, and 610-F) were selected for comparison of their thermal and pressure-assisted thermal resistance after screening 17 nonproteolytic C. botulinum strains (8 type B, 7 type E, and 2 type F). Spores of strains Ham-B, Kap 9-B, and 610-F were prepared using a biphasic media method, diluted in N-(2-acetamido)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (ACES) buffer (0.05 M, pH 7.00) to 105 to 106 CFU/mL, placed into a modified sterile transfer pipette, heat sealed, and subjected to a combination of high pressures (600 to 750 MPa) and high temperatures (80 to 91°C) using laboratory and pilot-scale pressure test systems. Diluted spores from the same crops were placed in nuclear magnetic resonance tubes, which were heat sealed, and subjected to 80 to 91°C in a Fluke 7321 high precision bath with Duratheram S oil as the heat transfer fluid. After incubation for 3 months, survivors in both studies were determined by the five-tube most-probable-number method using Trypticase–peptone–glucose–yeast extract broth. The highest (>5.0) log reductions in spore counts for Ham-B, Kap 9-B, and 610-F occurred at the highest temperature and pressure combination tested (91°C and 750 MPa). Thermal D-values of Ham-B, Kap 9-B, and 610-F decreased as the process temperature increased from 80 to 87°C, decreasing to <1.0 min at 87°C for these strains. Pressure-assisted thermal D-values of Ham-B, Kap 9-B, and 610-F decreased as the process temperature increased from 80 to 91°C with any pressure combination and decreased to <1.0 min as the pressure increased from 600 to 750 MPa at 91°C. Based on the pressure-assisted thermal D-values, pressure exerted a more protective effect on spores of Ham-B, Kap 9-B, and 610-F when processed at 83 to 91°C combined with pressures of 600 to 700 MPa when compared with thermal treatment only. No protective effect was observed when the spores of Ham-B, Kap9-B, and 610-F were treated at lower temperatures (80 to 83°C) in combination with 750 MPa. However, at higher temperatures (87 to 91°C) in combination with 750 MPa, a protective effect was seen for Ham-B, Kap9-B, and 610-F spores based on the calculated pressure-assisted thermal D-values.

INACTIVATION OF CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM TYPE E SPORES BY HIGH PRESSURE PROCESSING

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.R. REDDY ◽  
H. M. SOLOMON ◽  
G.A. FINGERHUT ◽  
E.J. RHODEHAMEL ◽  
V.M. BALASUBRAMANIAM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
High Pressure Processing ◽  
Botulinum Type ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum Type E

scholarly journals In Vitro Protein Disappearance of Raw Chicken as Dog Foods Decreased by Thermal Processing, but Was Unaffected by Non-Thermal Processing

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1256
Author(s):  
Hansol Kim ◽  
Ah Hyun Jung ◽  
Sung Hee Park ◽  
Yohan Yoon ◽  
Beob Gyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Thermal Processing ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
High Pressure Processing ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Uv Led

The objectives of the present study were to determine the influence of thermal and non-thermal processing procedures on in vitro ileal disappearance (IVID) of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) in chicken meat as dog foods using 2-step in vitro assays. In thermal processing experiments, IVID of DM and CP in chicken meat thermally processed at 70, 90, and 121 °C, respectively, with increasing processing time was determined. For non-thermal processing experiments, IVID of DM and CP in chicken meat processed by high-pressure, ultraviolet-light emitting diode (UV-LED), electron-beam, and gamma-ray was determined. Thermal processing of chicken meat at 70, 90, and 121 °C resulted in decreased IVID of CP (p < 0.05) as heating time increased. In non-thermal processing experiment, IVID of CP in chicken meat was not affected by high-pressure processing or UV-LED radiation. In vitro ileal disappearance of CP in electron-beam- or gamma-ray-irradiated chicken meat was not affected by the irradiation intensity. Taken together, ileal protein digestibility of chicken meat for dogs is decreased by thermal processing, but is minimally affected by non-thermal processing methods.

Quality change during high pressure processing and thermal processing of cloudy apple juice

LWT ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junjie Yi ◽  
Biniam T. Kebede ◽  
Doan Ngoc Hai Dang ◽  
Carolien Buvé ◽  
Tara Grauwet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Thermal Processing ◽  
Apple Juice ◽  
High Pressure Processing ◽  
Quality Change

Quality Assurance of commercial guacamoles preserved by high pressure processing versus conventional thermal processing

Food Control ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 108791
Author(s):  
M.E. Alañón ◽  
M.L. Cádiz-Gurrea ◽  
R. Oliver-Simancas ◽  
F.J. Leyva-Jiménez ◽  
D. Arráez-Román ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Thermal Processing ◽  
High Pressure Processing

scholarly journals Copigmentation with Sinapic Acid Improves the Stability of Anthocyanins in High-Pressure-Processed Strawberry Purees

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Netsanet Shiferaw Terefe ◽  
Gabriele A. Netzel ◽  
Michael E. Netzel
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Thermal Processing ◽  
Sinapic Acid ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
High Pressure Processing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

This study investigated the impact of copigmentation with sinapic acid on the stability of anthocyanins in strawberry purees of three commercial cultivars (Camarosa, Rubygem, and Festival) after high-pressure processing (HPP; 600 MPa/5 min) and thermal processing (TP; 88°C/2 min) and during three months of refrigerated storage. Copigmentation did not have a significant effect on the stability of anthocyanins during processing with 14% to 30% degradation observed with no significant difference among cultivars or the processing technique. On the contrary, copigmentation significantly (p<0.05) improved the stability of anthocyanins in HPP samples during storage, most probably via the formation of intramolecular complexes which improve the resistance of anthocyanins to degradation. The anthocyanin contents of the copigmented HPP Camarosa, Rubygem, and Festival samples were, respectively, 42%, 40%, and 33% higher than their noncopigmented counterparts at the end of the three-month storage. Copigmentation also improved the retention of the total antioxidant capacity of the HPP-processed strawberry samples. The TPC of the copigmented HPP Camarosa, Rubygem, and Festival samples was, respectively, 66%, 65%, and 85% higher than that of the non-copigmented samples after three months of storage, whereas the respective ORAC values were 36.5%, 59.3%, and 35.3% higher. In contrast, copigmentation did not improve the stability of anthocyanins in TP samples, although significant (p<0.05) improvement in antioxidant capacity was also observed in TP samples due to the antioxidant nature of the copigment.

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