scholarly journals Species Distribution and Antimicrobial Profiles of Enterococcus spp. Isolates from Kenyan Small and Medium Enterprise Slaughterhouses

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (9) ◽  
pp. 1445-1449 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSEPH WAMBUI ◽  
TAURAI TASARA ◽  
PATRICK MURIGU KAMAU NJAGE ◽  
ROGER STEPHAN
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprise ◽  
Beef Carcasses ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
Enterococcus Casseliflavus ◽  
Disk Diffusion Assay ◽  
Cutting Equipment ◽  
Medium Enterprise

ABSTRACT The present study aimed at identifying and assessing antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus spp. isolated from small and medium enterprise slaughterhouses in Kenya. In total, 67 isolates were recovered from 48 of 195 samples examined from beef carcasses, personnel, and cutting equipment in five small and medium enterprise slaughterhouses. The isolates were identified by using matrix-assisted laser desorption–ionization time of flight mass spectrometry and screened thereafter for their resistance against 12 antibiotics by using a disk diffusion assay. The isolates (n = 67) included Enterococcus faecalis (41.8%), Enterococcus mundtii (17.9%), Enterococcus thailandicus (13.4%), Enterococcus faecium (9.0%), Enterococcus hirae (7.5%), Enterococcus casseliflavus (6.0%), and Enterococcus devriesei (4.5%). None of the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, penicillin, ampicillin, vancomycin, nitrofurantoin, teicoplanin, linezolid, and levofloxacin. Resistance to rifampin (46.3%), erythromycin (23.9%), tetracycline (20.9%), and chloramphenicol (7.5%) was distributed among six of the seven species. All E. thailandicus were resistant to rifampin, erythromycin, and tetracycline. E. faecalis was resistant to rifampin (60.7%), tetracycline (17.9%), erythromycin (14.3%), and chloramphenicol (10.7%). Resistance to two or three antibiotics was observed in 26.9% of the enterococci isolates. The isolation of enterococci that are resistant to clinically relevant antibiotics, such as erythromycin, is of a serious concern given the role enterococci play in the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes.

scholarly journals Identification of Bacteria Associated with Post-Operative Wounds of Patients with the Use of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Approach

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 5007
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Szultka-Młyńska ◽  
Daria Janiszewska ◽  
Paweł Pomastowski ◽  
Michał Złoch ◽  
Wojciech Kupczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Bromocresol Purple ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
Identification Of Bacteria ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

The bacterial infection of post-operative wounds is a common health problem. Therefore, it is important to investigate fast and accurate methods of identifying bacteria in clinical samples. The aim of the study was to analyse the use of the MALDI-TOF MS technique to identify microorganism wounds that are difficult to heal. The most common bacteria are Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., and Enterococcus spp. We also demonstrate the effect of culture conditions, such as the used growth medium (solid: Brain Heart Infusion Agar, Mueller Hilton Agar, Glucose Bromocresol Purple Agar, and Vancomycin Resistance Enterococci Agar Base and liquid: Tryptic Soy Broth and BACTEC Lytic/10 Anaerobic/F), the incubation time (4, 6, and 24h), and the method of the preparation of bacterial protein extracts (the standard method based on the Bruker guideline, the Sepsityper method) to identify factors and the quality of the obtained mass spectra. By comparing the protein profiles of bacteria from patients not treated with antibiotics to those treated with antibiotics based on the presence/absence of specific signals and using the UniProt platform, it was possible to predict the probable mechanism of the action of the antibiotic used and the mechanism of drug resistance.

Microbial Contamination Level Profiles Attributed to Contamination of Beef Carcasses, Personnel, and Equipment: Case of Small and Medium Enterprise Slaughterhouses

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 684-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSEPH WAMBUI ◽  
PETER LAMUKA ◽  
EDWARD KARURI ◽  
JOSEPH MATOFARI ◽  
PATRICK MURIGU KAMAU NJAGE
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprise ◽  
Beef Carcasses ◽  
Microbiological Criteria ◽  
Medium Enterprise ◽  
Almost All

ABSTRACT The microbial contamination level profiles (MCLPs) attributed to contamination of beef carcasses, personnel, and equipment in five Kenyan small and medium enterprise slaughterhouses were determined. Aerobic plate counts, Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus, and Salmonella were used to determine contamination at four different slaughter stages, namely, dehiding, evisceration, splitting, and dispatch. Microbiological criteria of the four microorganisms were used to score contamination levels (CLs) as poor (0), poor to average (1), average (2), or good (3). MCLPs were further assigned to carcasses, personnel, and equipment at each stage by summing up the CL scores. The CL score attributed to aerobic plate count contamination was 2 or 3 for carcasses but 0 for personnel and equipment in almost all slaughterhouses. A score of 0 on carcasses was mostly attributed to Enterobacteriaceae at evisceration and to Salmonella at dehiding and evisceration. In addition, a score of 0 was mostly attributed to Staphylococcus contamination of personnel at dehiding. A score of 3 was attributed mostly to Enterobacteriaceae on hands at splitting, whereas a score of 2 was mostly attributed to the clothes at dehiding and evisceration. A CL score of 3 was mostly attributed to Enterobacteriaceae and Salmonella contamination of equipment at dehiding and splitting, respectively. Although CLs attributed to contamination of carcasses, personnel, and equipment ranged from 0 to 3, the maximum MCLP score of 9 was only attained in carcasses from two slaughterhouses at dehiding and from one slaughterhouse at dispatch. There is, therefore, a lot of room for small and medium enterprise slaughterhouses to improve their food safety objectives by improving food safety management systems at the points characterized by low CL scores.

scholarly journals Genomic Based Characterization of Enterococcus Spp-An Emerging Pathogen Isolated from Human Gut

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zumara younus ◽  
Sagar M. Goyal ◽  
Vikash Singh ◽  
Aamer Ikram ◽  
Muhammad Imran
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
Enterococcus Casseliflavus ◽  
Enterococcus Gallinarum

Abstract Background Enterococci are ubiquitous microorganisms having diverse ecological niches but mostly prominently in gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. Production of enterocins make them used as probiotics, but in last few years their role as probiotic become ambiguous. This ambiguity in their probiotic role is related to presence of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes. Moreover, these virulence traits are also known to be transfer genetically which make them opportunistic pathogens in gastrointestinal track. These reports suggest serious concerns related to enterococcus before using them as probiotics. In present study Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of Enterococcus spp was done for checking presence of resistance and virulence genes, isolated from human gut.Methods and resultsFour human origin Enterococcus spp including Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus casseliflavus, and two Enterococcus gallinarum were isolated from human fecal samples, further cultured on blood and MacConkey agar. Sanger sequencing was done using Applied Biosystems 3730xl DNA Analyzer. These strains were further subjected to WGS using oxford nano pore technology MinION. Raw data was analyzed using free online tool epi2me. The Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD) and RAST software’s were used to look for presence of antibiotic resistance genes in these strains. Resistance determinants for clinically important antibiotics (vancomycin) and functional virulence factor genes were detected. G-view server was used for comparative genomics of all strains.Conclusion:The draft genomic sequencing of enterococcus suggested that Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus casseliflavus and Enterococcus gallinarum strains are opportunistic pathogens, having antibiotic resistance genes. All isolates have vancomycin resistance genes which they also expressed phenotypically. Some genes related to bacteriocin resistance were also present in E. casseliflavus and E. gallinarum.

scholarly journals MALDI-TOF MS Based Typing for Rapid Screening of Multiple Antibiotic Resistance E. coli and Virulent Non-O157 Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli Isolated from the Slaughterhouse Settings and Beef Carcasses

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 820
Author(s):  
Mohamed Tharwat Elabbasy ◽  
Mohamed A. Hussein ◽  
Fahad Dhafer Algahtani ◽  
Ghada I. Abd El-Rahman ◽  
Alaa Eldin Morshdy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Laser Desorption ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Laser Desorption Ionization ◽  
Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Beef Carcasses

Background: The emergence of multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) Escherichia coli (E. coli) and virulent non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) poses a growing concern to the meat industry. Non-O157 STEC strains including O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145 have been implicated in the occurrence of bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans. This research assessed prevalence, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass-spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) protein mass-spectra profiles, multidrug-resistance traits, polymerase chain reaction detection of virulence, and antibiotic-resistance genes of E. coli isolated from beef carcasses and slaughterhouse environments. Methods: A total of 180 convenience sponge samples were collected from two different sources-specific parts of beef carcasses and surfaces of the processing environment at the slaughterhouse of Ha′il, Saudi Arabia between September and November 2020. MALDI BioTyper and phylotype-based identification methods accurately identified and classified the samples as belonging to the genus belonging to the Escherichia coli domain of bacteria (NCBI txid: 562). Results: Expected changes were seen in the mass peak spectrum defining nine closely related isolates and four unrelated E. coli isolates. Serological typing of E. coli revealed enterotoxigenic E. coli O166 (19.10%); enteropathogenic E. coli O146 (16.36%) and O44 (18.18%); enterohemorrhagic E. coli O111 (31.18%) and O26 (14.54%). Forty-five percent of examined E. coli were resistant to seven antimicrobials; 75% of 20 selected isolates were resistant to three or more antimicrobials. phoA and blaTEM genes were detected in all selected E. coli isolates. Conclusion: This study confirmed the efficiency and validity of Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass-spectrometry in screening for multi-drug resistant E. coli isolated from slaughterhouse derived beef carcasses in Ha’il, Saudi Arabia. We contributed by revealing the distinction between related and non-related strains of E.coli in livestock. The findings in this study can inform improved policy development decision making and resource allocation related to livestock processing regarding antimicrobial use in food animals and rapid screening for effective multiple antibiotic resistance E. coli and virulent non-O157 STEC control in the slaughterhouses.

scholarly journals COMPARISON BETWEEN AUTOMATED SYSTEM AND PCR-BASED METHOD FOR IDENTIFICATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PROFILE OF CLINICAL Enterococcus spp

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Furlaneto-Maia ◽  
Kátia Real Rocha ◽  
Vera Lúcia Dias Siqueira ◽  
Márcia Cristina Furlaneto
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
Disk Diffusion Assay ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Resistance Rates

Enterococci are increasingly responsible for nosocomial infections worldwide. This study was undertaken to compare the identification and susceptibility profile using an automated MicrosScan system, PCR-based assay and disk diffusion assay of Enterococcus spp. We evaluated 30 clinical isolates of Enterococcus spp. Isolates were identified by MicrosScan system and PCR-based assay. The detection of antibiotic resistance genes (vancomycin, gentamicin, tetracycline and erythromycin) was also determined by PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibilities to vancomycin (30 µg), gentamicin (120 µg), tetracycline (30 µg) and erythromycin (15 µg) were tested by the automated system and disk diffusion method, and were interpreted according to the criteria recommended in CLSI guidelines. Concerning Enterococcus identification the general agreement between data obtained by the PCR method and by the automatic system was 90.0% (27/30). For all isolates of E. faecium and E. faecalis we observed 100% agreement. Resistance frequencies were higher in E. faecium than E. faecalis. The resistance rates obtained were higher for erythromycin (86.7%), vancomycin (80.0%), tetracycline (43.35) and gentamicin (33.3%). The correlation between disk diffusion and automation revealed an agreement for the majority of the antibiotics with category agreement rates of > 80%. The PCR-based assay, the van(A) gene was detected in 100% of vancomycin resistant enterococci. This assay is simple to conduct and reliable in the identification of clinically relevant enterococci. The data obtained reinforced the need for an improvement of the automated system to identify some enterococci.

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