scholarly journals Toward a Better Understanding of Listeriosis Risk among Older Adults in the United States: Characterizing Dietary Patterns and the Sociodemographic and Economic Attributes of Consumers with These Patterns

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 1208-1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDWINA A. WAMBOGO ◽  
ANNA M. VAUDIN ◽  
ALANNA J. MOSHFEGH ◽  
JUDITH H. SPUNGEN ◽  
JANE M. VAN DOREN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
New Information ◽  
Illness Attribution ◽  
Susceptible Populations

ABSTRACT Older adults are at higher risk of invasive listeriosis compared with the general population. Some foods are more likely than others to be contaminated with or to contain high levels of Listeria monocytogenes. The objectives of this study were to (i) determine dietary consumption patterns among older adults in the United States; (ii) evaluate sociodemographic and economic characteristics of older adults associated with each pattern; (iii) determine intake of foods associated with larger relative risk of listeriosis within these patterns; and (iv) rank these patterns based on risk. Data related to older adults (age 60 and older) participating in the cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2009 to 2010, 2011 to 2012, and 2013 to 2014 (n = 4,967) were included in these analyses. Cluster analysis was used to define dietary patterns based on 24-h dietary recalls from day 1 and day 2. Mean intake of foods associated with higher risk of listeriosis was examined within each pattern, and analysis of variance with Dunnett's method of adjustment was used to evaluate significant differences in mean intake of foods. Patterns were ranked based on relative risk of listeriosis, using outbreak illness attribution data. Five distinct dietary patterns were identified. Patterns ranked at highest relative risk of listeriosis, based on U.S. outbreak illness attribution data, were characterized by relatively higher intakes of fruits, vegetables, and cheeses (∼13% respondents) or cereal, milk, and yogurt (∼14% respondents). Individuals consuming these dietary patterns differed in sex, race, food security, self-rated diet quality, and self-rated health. Cluster analysis, despite methodological limitations, provides new information on consumption, sociodemographic, and economic characteristics of subgroups within susceptible populations, which may be used to target educational messages. HIGHLIGHTS

scholarly journals Dietary Patterns of Older Adults in the United States and Their Risk of Listeriosis: Characterizing Sociodemographic and Economic Attributes of Consumers by Dietary Patterns (P18-047-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwina Wambogo ◽  
Anna Vaudin ◽  
Alanna Moshfegh ◽  
Judith Spungen ◽  
Jane Van Doren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
The United States ◽  
Assessment Data ◽  
Cured Meats ◽  
Illness Attribution

Abstract Objectives 1) Determine dietary consumption patterns, among older adults in the United States; 2) Evaluate sociodemographic and economic characteristics associated with each pattern; 3) Determine intake of foods associated with larger relative risk of listeriosis within these patterns; and 4) Rank these patterns based on risk. Methods The study included older adults, age 60 and older, from What We Eat in America, National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2009–2010, 2011–2012 and 2013–2014 (n = 4967). Cluster analysis based on day 1 24-hour dietary recalls was used to define dietary patterns. ANOVA with Dunnett's method of adjustment used to evaluate significant differences in mean intake of foods associated with higher risk of listeriosis within each pattern. Patterns were ranked based on relative risk of listeriosis using outbreak illness attribution and risk assessment data. Results Five distinct dietary patterns were identified -Vegetables, Fruits & Oils; Mixed Dishes; RTE (Ready-To-Eat) Cereal, Milk & Yogurt; Meat & Potatoes; and Cured Meats & Cheese. The patterns ranked at highest relative risk of listeriosis, based on 2013 outbreak illness attribution data, were (1) the Vegetables, Fruits & Oils, characterized by relatively higher intakes of fruits, vegetables, and vegetable oils (∼22% respondents), (2) the RTE (Ready-To-Eat) Cereal, Milk & Yogurt, with relatively higher intakes of cereal, milk, and yogurt (16% respondents); and, based on 2003 risk assessment data, (3) the Cured Meats & Cheese with relatively higher intakes of breads, cheese, and cured meats (∼9.6% respondents). Individuals consuming these dietary patterns differed in sex, race/ethnicity, food security, self-rated diet quality, and self-rated health. Conclusions Cluster analysis, despite methodological limitations, provides new information on consumption, sociodemographic, and economic characteristics of subgroups within susceptible populations that can be used to target educational messages. Funding Sources Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture; Food and Drug Administration.

scholarly journals Urban-rural differences in the prevalence of muscle weakness and slow gait speed: A cross-sectional analysis from the NHANES (2001-2002 and 2011-2014)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
J.J. Aziz ◽  
K.F. Reid ◽  
J.A. Batsis ◽  
R.A. Fielding
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Muscle Weakness ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Comorbidity Burden ◽  
Urban Rural

Background: Older adults living in rural areas suffer from health inequities compared to their urban counterparts. These include comorbidity burden, poor diet, and physical inactivity, which are also risk factors for sarcopenia, for which muscle weakness and slow gait speed are domains. To date, no study has examined urban-rural differences in the prevalence of muscle weakness and slow gait speed in older adults living in the United States. Objective: To compare the prevalence of grip strength weakness and slow gait speed between urban and rural older adults living in the United States. Design: A cross-sectional, secondary data analysis of two cohorts from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), using gait speed or grip strength data, and urban-rural residency, dietary, examination, questionnaire and demographic data. Participants: 2,923 adults (≥ 60 yrs.). Measures: Grip weakness was defined as either, an absolute grip strength of <35 kg. and <20 kg. or grip strength divided by body mass index (GripBMI) of <1.05 and <0.79 for men and women, respectively. Slow gait speed was defined as a usual gait speed of ≤0.8m/s. Results: The prevalence of GripBMI weakness was significantly higher in urban compared to rural participants (27.4% vs. 19.2%; p=0.001), whereas their absolute grip strength was lower (31.75(±0.45) vs. 33.73(±0.48)). No urban-rural differences in gait speed were observed. Conclusions: Older adults residing in urban regions of the United States were weaker compared to their rural counterparts. This report is the first to describe urban-rural differences in handgrip strength and slow gait speed in older adults living in the United States.

scholarly journals Education-Related Inequalities in Dental Services Use among Older Adults in 23 Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (12) ◽  
pp. 1341-1347
Author(s):  
F. Bof de Andrade ◽  
J.L.F. Antunes ◽  
F.C.D. Andrade ◽  
M.F.F. Lima-Costa ◽  
J. Macinko
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
South Korea ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Dental Services ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Relative Index ◽  
Index Of Inequality

This study aimed to measure the magnitude of education-related inequalities in the use of dental services among older adults (aged 50 y or older) from a sizable multicountry sample of 23 upper-middle- and high-income countries. This study used cross-sectional data from nationally representative surveys of people aged 50 y and over. Countries included in the Health and Retirement Study surveys were the following: Brazil, China, South Korea, Mexico, United States, Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Israel, Luxembourg, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland. The dependent variable was the use of dental services, based on the self-report of having had a dental visit within the previous year, except for the United States and South Korea, which used 2-y recall periods. Educational level was used as the measure of socioeconomic position and was standardized across countries. Multivariate logistic regression modeling was used to evaluate the factors associated with the use of dental services, and the magnitude of education inequalities in the use of dental services was assessed using the slope index of inequality (SII) to measure absolute inequalities and the relative index of inequality for relative inequalities. The pooled prevalence of the use of dental services was 31.7% and ranged from 18.7% in China to 81.2% in Sweden. In the overall sample, the absolute difference in the prevalence of use between the lowest and highest educational groups was 20 percentage points. SII was significant for all countries except Portugal. Relative educational inequalities were significant for all countries and ranged from 3.2 in Poland to 1.2 in Sweden. There were significant education-related inequalities in the use of dental care by older adults in all countries. Monitoring these inequalities is critical to the planning and delivery of dental services.

scholarly journals Acceptability and Results of Dementia Screening Among Older Adults in the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Harrawood ◽  
Nicole R. Fowler ◽  
Anthony J. Perkins ◽  
Michael A. LaMantia ◽  
Malaz A. Boustani
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Screening ◽  
Positive Screen ◽  
Dementia Screening ◽  
Primary Care Patients

Objectives: To measure older adults acceptability of dementia screening and assess screening test results of a racially diverse sample of older primary care patients in the United States. Design: Cross-sectional study of primary care patients aged 65 and older. Setting: Urban and suburban primary care clinics in Indianapolis, Indiana, in 2008 to 2009. Participants: Nine hundred fifty-four primary care patients without a documented diagnosis of dementia. Measurements: Community Screening Instrument for Dementia, the Mini-Mental State Examination, and the Telephone Instrument for Cognitive Screening. Results: Of the 954 study participants who consented to participate, 748 agreed to be screened for dementia and 206 refused screening. The overall response rate was 78.4%. The positive screen rate of the sample who agreed to screening was 10.2%. After adjusting for demographic differences the following characteristics were still associated with increased likelihood of screening positive for dementia: age, male sex, and lower education. Patients who believed that they had more memory problems than other people of their age were also more likely to screen positive for dementia. Conclusion: Age and perceived problems with memory are associated with screening positive for dementia in primary care.

Prevalence of Tympanic Membrane Perforations Among Adolescents, Adults, and Older Adults in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 019459982110621
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Kim ◽  
Joshua F. Betz ◽  
Nicholas S. Reed ◽  
Bryan K. Ward ◽  
Carrie L. Nieman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Population Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Estimates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tympanic Membrane Perforations ◽  
The Life Course

Tympanic membrane (TM) perforations can occur at any age, but limited population-level data are available. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we performed a cross-sectional analysis of the prevalence and population estimates for TM perforations among individuals ≥12 years old in the United States. Overall, TM perforations have a prevalence of 2.1% (95% CI, 1.7%-2.6%), corresponding to 5.8 million Americans. Across the life course, older adults have the highest prevalence of TM perforations at 6.1% (95% CI, 4.7%-7.6%), corresponding to nearly 3 million Americans, as opposed to a prevalence of 0.6% (95% CI, 0.3%-0.9%) in adolescents, which equates to 0.2 million Americans. Males and females have a similar prevalence at 2.3% (95% CI, 1.6%-3.0%) among males and 2.0% (95% CI, 1.4%-2.6%) among females. These prevalence and population estimates provide the first US-based population estimates of the burden of TM perforations over the life course.

Dietary patterns of older adults in the United States, NHANES II 1976-1980

1989 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan S. Ryan ◽  
Gilbert A. Martinez ◽  
Jeffrey L. Wysong ◽  
Maradee A. Davis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
The United States

scholarly journals LONG-TERM COSTS OF GRANDPARENT CAREGIVING: RESULTS FROM THREE WAVES OF THE MIDLIFE IN THE UNITED STATES STUDY (MIDUS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S797-S798
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Rickenbach ◽  
Elizabeth H Rickenbach ◽  
Chih-Chien Huang ◽  
Jessica Y Allen ◽  
Kelly E Cichy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Grandparent Caregiving

Abstract Cross-sectional studies reveal the health burden of grandparent caregiving. Still, longitudinal, research is needed to understand how grandparent caregiving compromises grandparents’ long-term health. Using three waves of data from the Midlife in the United States Study (MIDUS), we examined sociodemographic factors, health and well-being outcomes between caregiving (CG) and non-caregiving (NCG) grandparents. By wave 3, 12.8% (n = 234) were CG. CG were younger, more likely female, and had lower income and education. MANCOVA adjusted for age, gender, education, and number of children revealed CG reported poorer physical and emotional well-being (e.g. higher depression, anxiety, lower life satisfaction, greater morbidity); CG were consistently less healthy than NCG across all three waves. Lower income and less healthy older adults are more likely to become grandparents, and they remain less healthy over time. Policies and resources to assist grandparents, particularly low-income and vulnerable older adults who are caring for grandchildren, are needed.

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