Presence, seasonal distribution and biomolecular characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus in shellfish harvested and marketed in Sardinia (Italy) between 2017 and 2018

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppa Lorenzoni ◽  
Giuseppe Tedde ◽  
Laura Mara ◽  
Anna Maria Bazzoni ◽  
Giuseppe Esposito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Ruditapes Decussatus ◽  
Bivalve Molluscs ◽  
Pathogenic Vibrios ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Vibrio Spp

In the present study, we aimed to investigate the presence, seasonal distribution and biomolecular characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus in samples of bivalve molluscs ( Mytilus galloprovincialis, Crassostrea gigas, Ruditapes decussatus, Venus verrucosa and Solen vagina ) and gastropod molluscs (Murex brandaris) harvested and marketed in Sardinia (Italy) between 2017 and 2018. A total of 444 samples were submitted to qualitative determination of Vibrio spp., V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus. Identification and virulence profile of the isolated strains were performed by biomolecular methods. The overall prevalence of Vibrio spp. was 7%. The highest prevalence was pointed out in R. decussatus (8.3%). The prevalence of V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus were 2.7% and 4.7% respectively. Higher levels of V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus prevalence were highlighted in R. decussatus (4.2%) and C. gigas (6.2%) respectively. Potentially pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus strains were a minority ( n. 2 isolates tdh-/trh+ and n. 1 isolate tdh+/trh- ) and were recovered from M. galloprovincialis . None of the isolates was tdh+/ trh+. Pathogenic Vibrios infections are often underestimated and the reports of human infections in Europe are constantly increasing. European data on the true distribution of Vibrionaceae are scarce: the results of the present study highlight the need of constant monitoring plans to update the distribution of potentially pathogenic Vibrios.

Occurrence, Seasonal Distribution, and Molecular Characterization of Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio cholerae, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Shellfish (Mytilus galloprovincialis and Ruditapes decussatus) Collected in Sardinia (Italy)

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (11) ◽  
pp. 1851-1856 ◽  
Author(s):  
SONIA LAMON ◽  
SIMONETTA G. CONSOLATI ◽  
FEDERICA FOIS ◽  
MARIA G. CAMBULA ◽  
MARGHERITA PES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Ruditapes Decussatus ◽  
Pathogenic Vibrios ◽  
Vibrio Spp

ABSTRACT In this study, we investigated the occurrence, seasonal distribution, and molecular characterization of pathogenic vibrios in Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and grooved carpet shells (Ruditapes decussatus) from two harvesting areas of Sardinia (Italy). Samples collected before and after depuration were submitted for qualitative and quantitative determination of Vibrio spp. Vibrio spp. isolates were presumptively identified by means of biochemical methods. Identification and virulence profile of Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus were performed by molecular methods. The prevalence of Vibrio spp. in M. galloprovincialis and R. decussatus was, respectively, 96 and 77%. The averaged enumeration (mean ± standard deviation) of Vibrio spp. in samples of M. galloprovincialis and R. decussatus collected at the harvesting time was 2.04 ± 0.45 and 2.51 ± 0.65 log CFU/g, respectively. The average contamination levels in samples collected after purification were 2.28 ± 0.58 log CFU/g (M. galloprovincialis) and 2.12 ± 0.67 log CFU/g (R. decussatus). Four potentially pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus isolates (tdh+ or trh+) were recovered from grooved carpet shells samples. No isolate was tdh+/trh+. The presence of potentially pathogenic vibrios in Sardinian waters strengthens the need for rational purification practices under controlled conditions to guarantee the protection of consumers.

Selectivity and Specificity of a Chromogenic Medium for Detecting Vibrio parahaemolyticus†

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1454-1456 ◽  
Author(s):  
YI-CHENG SU ◽  
JINGYUN DUAN ◽  
WEN-HSIN WU
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Chromogenic Medium ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Vibrio Fluvialis ◽  
Vibrio Mimicus ◽  
Vibrio Spp

The thiosulfate–citrate–bile salts–sucrose agar (TCBS) used in the most-probable-number method for detecting Vibrio parahaemolyticus cannot differentiate growth of V. parahaemolyticus from Vibrio vulnificus or Vibrio mimicus. This study examined the selectivity and specificity of Bio-Chrome Vibrio medium (BCVM), a chromogenic medium that detects V. parahaemolyticus on the basis of the formation of distinct purple colonies on the medium. A panel consisting of 221 strains of bacteria, including 179 Vibrio spp. and 42 non-Vibrio spp., were examined for their ability to grow and produce colored colonies on BCVM. Growth of Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Aeromonas was inhibited by both BCVM and TCBS. All 148 strains of V. parahaemolyticus grew on BCVM, and 145 of them produced purple colonies. The remaining 31 Vibrio spp., except one strain of Vibrio fluvialis, were either unable to grow or produced blue-green or white colonies on BCVM. Bio-Chrome Vibrio medium was capable of differentiating V. parahaemolyticus from other species, including V. vulnificus and V. mimicus. Further studies are needed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of BCVM for detecting V. parahaemolyticus in foods.

Prevalence of Vibrio spp. in Retail Seafood in Berlin, Germany

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
THI THU TRA VU ◽  
THOMAS ALTER ◽  
STEPHAN HUEHN
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Virulence Markers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Prevalent Species ◽  
Vibrio Spp

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Vibrio spp. in retail seafood in Berlin, Germany. A total of 160 raw seafood samples from supermarkets and seafood shops, consisting of shrimp (n = 80) and bivalves (n = 80), were investigated for the presence of Vibrio spp. using the International Organization for Standardization ISO/TS 21872 method and a multiplex PCR. The overall prevalence of Vibrio spp. in retail seafood was 55% (95% CI: 47.2 to 62.8%). The prevalence of Vibrio spp. in shrimp was slightly higher than in bivalves (57.5 versus 52.5%); however, the difference was not statistically significant. Vibrio alginolyticus was the most prevalent species (35.6%), followed by Vibrio parahaemolyticus (27.5%), Vibrio cholerae (6.3%), and Vibrio vulnificus (0.6%). None of the V. parahaemolyticus (n = 110) isolates encoded tdh/trh genes, whereas all V. cholerae isolates (n = 27) were lacking ctxA. Among the chilled samples (n = 105), the prevalence of Vibrio spp. in unpacked samples was significantly higher than in packed samples (P = 0.006). Among the packed samples (n = 55), no significant difference in the prevalence of Vibrio spp. was observed between chilled or frozen products. The results of this study indicated a high prevalence of Vibrio spp. in retail seafood in Germany; positive samples were detected in all types of seafood investigated. The detection of tdh/trh-negative V. parahaemolyticus isolates should not be neglected because of previous findings on pathogenic strains lacking these virulence markers. Even though thorough cooking might limit the risk of foodborne illness caused by Vibrio, potential cross-contamination during preparation or consumption of raw and undercooked seafood might represent a risk of Vibrio infections.

Effect of Ploidy on Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus Levels in Cultured Oysters

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 2014-2017
Author(s):  
JESSICA L. JONES ◽  
KERI A. LYDON ◽  
WILLIAM C. WALTON
Keyword(s):  
Crassostrea Virginica ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Colony Hybridization ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Rapid Growth Rate ◽  
Vibrio Spp ◽  
Half Sibling

ABSTRACT Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus are naturally occurring human pathogenic bacteria commonly found in estuarine environments where oysters are cultured. The use of triploid oysters has increased due to their rapid growth rate and because they maintain a high quality throughout the year. Previous work suggested levels of Vibrio spp. may be lower in triploid oysters than diploid oysters. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether there is a difference in the abundances of V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus between half-sibling diploid and triploid American oysters (Crassostrea virginica). In four trials, 100 individual oysters (either iced or temperature abused) were analyzed for V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus by using direct plating followed by colony hybridization. Mean levels of V. parahaemolyticus in iced and abused diploid oysters were 3.55 and 4.21 log CFU/g, respectively. Mean levels in iced and abused triploid oysters were 3.49 and 4.27 log CFU/g, respectively. Mean levels of V. vulnificus in iced and abused diploid oysters were 3.53 and 4.56 log CFU/g, respectively. Mean levels in iced and abused triploid oysters were 3.54 and 4.55 log CFU/g, respectively. The differences in Vibrio spp. abundances between diploid and triploid oysters was not significant (P > 0.05). However, the differences across treatments were significant (P < 0.05), with the exception of V. parahaemolyticus levels in trial 3 (P = 0.83). Variation between individual oysters was also observed, with 12 of 808 measurements being outside of the 95th percentile. This phenomenon of occasional statistical outliers (“hot” or “cold” oysters) has been previously described and supports the appropriateness of composite sampling to account for inherent animal variability. In summary, the data indicate that abundances of V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus are not dependent on the ploidy of cultured oysters but vary with the type of handling. HIGHLIGHTS

scholarly journals Microbiological and Marine Biotoxins Contamination of Raw Bivalve Molluscs Commercially Available in Poland

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remigiusz Pomykała ◽  
Mirosław Michalski ◽  
Artur Jóźwik ◽  
Jacek Osek
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Bivalve Molluscs ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Marine Biotoxins ◽  
Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococci

Abstract The study was carried out on live bivalve molluscs available on Polish market. Microbiological tests were performed for the presence of Salmonella sp., Vibrio parahaemolyticus, spore-forming anaerobe bacteria, and coagulase-positive Staphylococcus sp., and for the enumeration of Escherichia coli. ELISA was used for the determination of marine biotoxins, paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP), and diarrhoeic shellfish poisoning (DSP). Microbiological examinations were performed according to ISO and Polish Standards. Salmonella sp. was not detected in any sample tested. Coagulase-positive staphylococci were identified in 9.0% of the samples. V. parahaemolyticus was isolated from 17.0% of mussels. Shellfish were highly contaminated by anaerobes, which were isolated from 68.0% of the samples. The number of E. coli ranged from <2.0 x 101 up to >1.8 x 104 MPN/100 g. The majority of mussels were free from the marine biotoxins tested or contained them bellow the permitted level. The analysis of microbiological and toxicological status of raw bivalve molluscs available on Polish market indicates that they are generally safe for the consumers.

scholarly journals Determination of Salmonella spp., E. coli VTEC, Vibrio spp., and Norovirus GI-GII in Bivalve Molluscs Collected from Growing Natural Beds in Sardinia (Italy)

Foods ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Marceddu ◽  
Sonia Lamon ◽  
Simonetta Consolati ◽  
Sara Ciulli ◽  
Roberta Mazza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bivalve Molluscs ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Vibrio Spp

scholarly journals Application Of The Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (M-PCR) For The Screening Of Vibrio Spp. From Rivers In Kuching, Sarawak

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-17
Author(s):  
Mickey Vincent ◽  
Lawrance Tuah ◽  
Christy Chan Sien Wei ◽  
Lesley Maurice Bilung ◽  
Kasing Apun
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Single Tube ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Vibrio Spp

The present study was conducted to investigate the occurrence of Vibrio spp. from selected rivers in Kuching,Sarawak (Malaysia) using Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (m-PCR). During the 6-month study period,19 samples were collected monthly from 7 rivers, followed by simultaneous detection of three Vibrio spp.,Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio vulnificus, in a single tube PCR reaction. Three sets ofprimers targeting the thermolabile (tl), outer membrane protein (ompW) and hemolysin/cytolysin genes(vulCulsl) of V. parahaemolyticus, V. cholerae and V. vulnificus, respectively, were used. The results indicatedthat V. parahaemolyticus was the predominant species, occurring approximately 60.9% throughout thesampling period, followed by V. cholerae (23.1%) and V. vulnificus (16.0%). The months of July andDecember were found to be the months where all three Vibrio spp. were found to be at higher frequencies inthe river samples. Results analyzed also indicated that the rivers with the highest prevalence of the three Vibriospp. were Tambak Sejingkat, followed by Sungai Jernang and Sungai Tabuan. We conclude that m-PCR is apowerful and useful tool for the rapid and simultaneous detection of V. parahaemolyticus, V. cholerae and V.vulnificus from the riverine environments without the need for isolation and culturing. Furthermore, thismethod is highly specific, and could be applied in diagnostic laboratories for larger scale epidemiologicalinvestigations of Vibrio spp.

scholarly journals Characterization of a New Plasmid-Like Prophage in a Pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 Strain

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 2659-2667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Feng Lan ◽  
Chung-Ho Huang ◽  
Chuan-Hsiung Chang ◽  
Wei-Chao Liao ◽  
I-Hsuan Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Host Chromosome ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Dna Adenine Methylase ◽  
Related Group ◽  
Bacterial Genes

ABSTRACT Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a common food-borne pathogen that is normally associated with seafood. In 1996, a pandemic O3:K6 strain abruptly appeared and caused the first pandemic of this pathogen to spread throughout many Asian countries, America, Europe, and Africa. The role of temperate bacteriophages in the evolution of this pathogen is of great interest. In this work, a new temperate phage, VP882, from a pandemic O3:K6 strain of V. parahaemolyticus was purified and characterized after mitomycin C induction. VP882 was a Myoviridae bacteriophage with a polyhedral head and a long rigid tail with a sheath-like structure. It infected and lysed high proportions of V. parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, and Vibrio cholerae strains. The genome of phage VP882 was sequenced and was 38,197 bp long, and 71 putative open reading frames were identified, of which 27 were putative functional phage or bacterial genes. VP882 had a linear plasmid-like genome with a putative protelomerase gene and cohesive ends. The genome does not integrate into the host chromosome but was maintained as a plasmid in the lysogen. Analysis of the reaction sites of the protelomerases in different plasmid-like phages revealed that VP882 and ΦHAP-1 were highly similar, while N15, ΦKO2, and PY54 made up another closely related group. The presence of DNA adenine methylase and quorum-sensing transcriptional regulators in VP882 may play a specific role in this phage or regulate physiological or virulence-associated traits of the hosts. These genes may also be remnants from the bacterial chromosome following transduction.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Vibrio spp. in Retail and Farm Shrimps in Ecuador

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
pp. 2089-2092 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. SPERLING ◽  
T. ALTER ◽  
S. HUEHN
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Retail Markets ◽  
Early Mortality Syndrome ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease ◽  
Shrimp Farms ◽  
Vibrio Spp

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Vibrio spp. in shrimp at retail and in shrimp farms in Ecuador and to determine the antimicrobial agent resistance patterns of farm isolates. The presence of genes linked to early mortality syndrome (EMS) or acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) also was evaluated. Vibrio spp. were isolated from retail shrimps in Cuenca, Ecuador, and farm shrimps originating from provinces El Oro and Guayas, Ecuador. A total of 229 shrimp samples were collected, of which 71 originated from retail markets in Cuenca and 158 came from shrimp farms. Overall, 219 (95.6%) samples tested positive for Vibrio spp. Vibrio parahaemolyticus (80.8%) was the most common species detected, followed by Vibrio alginolyticus (50.2%), Vibrio cholerae (11.3%), and Vibrio vulnificus (3.5%). None of the V. parahaemolyticus isolates carried the virulence-associated tdh and trh genes. In V. parahaemolyticus shrimp farm isolates, high resistance was found to ampicillin (92.2%), and intermediate resistance was found to tetracycline (51.3%) and amikacin (22.1%). Of the V. parahaemolyticus strains, 68 were resistant to at least three antimicrobial agents, and 2 were resistant to seven antimicrobial agents simultaneously. Up to 18 resistant isolates were found for V. alginolyticus, whereas V. vulnificus and V. cholerae isolates were more susceptible. None of the V. parahaemolyticus isolates carried the EMS-AHPND plasmid. The results of this study revealed the ubiquitous occurrence of Vibrio spp. in shrimps at retail and on shrimp farms in Ecuador.

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