scholarly journals Anatomic variation of the thoracic duct and absence of accessory hemiazygos and hemiazygos veins: case report

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (03) ◽  
pp. 209-211
Author(s):  
D. Rodrigues ◽  
F. Leão ◽  
S. Siqueira ◽  
L. Carim ◽  
G. Lacerda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Anatomic Variation ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Azygos Vein ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Lymph Vessel ◽  
Aortic Hiatus ◽  
Male Cadaver ◽  
Anatomy Laboratory

AbstractThe thoracic duct is a lymph vessel extending from the abdomen to the base of the neck where it drains to one of the large veins in the region. Many cases are described in the scientific literature, regarding anatomical variations of the thoracic duct, from its origin, path, until its end, and the vast majority intended to relate variations in the last part of the duct. The reports related to variations of its path are very scarce. In a male cadaver dissection in the anatomy laboratory of the Faculdade de Ciências Médicas of Minas Gerais (FCMMG), an anatomical variation of the position of the thoracic duct was found. The thoracic duct was presented to the left of the aorta and spine, from its entry in the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm and chest throughout its length. There were also anatomical variations of interest in the venous circulatory system, such as the absence of the veins: hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos, and the different location of the azygos vein, which was located to the left of the aorta. These variations have no relation to each other. The study of this variation is important because the knowledge of variations in the thoracic duct path allows lower rates of trauma and iatrogenic lesions in thoracic surgery, with possible serious complications, such as a chylothorax.

scholarly journals Anatomical Variation of Hepatic Vascularization: Case Report

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (02) ◽  
pp. 126-128
Author(s):  
Cristiane Regina Ruiz ◽  
Sergio Ricardo Rios Nascimento ◽  
Alex Kors Vidsiunas ◽  
Cristiano Cirqueira de Souza ◽  
Lilian Andrades
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Artery ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Celiac Trunk ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Liver Transplants ◽  
Male Individual ◽  
Anatomy Laboratory

AbstractAnatomical variations in the hepatic arteries and in the celiac trunk are important in liver transplants, laparoscopic surgeries, abdominal radiological interventions, and perforating injuries in the abdomen. The goal of the present report is to describe an abdominal vascular variation observed during a routine dissection in the Anatomy Laboratory of the Centro Universitário São Camilo, São Paulo, state of São Paulo, Brazil, in a male individual. The superior mesenteric artery had its origin in the celiac trunk and originated a right accessory hepatic artery that followed its path all the way to the liver. Several authors described variations in the origin and in the path of the hepatic artery and even created specific classifications. The advance of imaging methods that increase the number of studied individuals, without the need of dissection, aids exponentially the quantifying studies that seek to determine a pattern in the variations present in certain populations. The variations of the hepatic artery, as well as of the celiac trunk, have been extensively described in the literature; however, there is no pattern in the number of variations found both in the celiac trunk and in the regular hepatic artery, what leads to a need of description in each case found.

Estudo da Variação Anatômica da Inserção do Proximal do Músculo Peitoral Menor / Study of the anatomical Variation of Proximal Insertion of Pectoralis Muscle

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo Barcellos Terra ◽  
Eduardo Antônio de Figueiredo ◽  
Gustavo Cará Monteiro ◽  
Alberto de Castro Pochini ◽  
Carlos Vicente Andreoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anatomic Variation ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Adhesive Capsulitis ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Coracoid Process ◽  
Type I ◽  
The Third ◽  
Pectoralis Minor ◽  
Bilateral Case ◽  
Change Of Type

Introdução: O músculo peitoral menor é um músculo delgado, que se origina do terceiro, quarto e quinto arcos costais e se insere proximalmente na superficie supero-medial do processo coracóide. Sua variação anatômica pode estar correlacionada com diversas patologias do ombro e estar implicada até mesmo na falha dos tratamentos de capsulite adesiva. Le Double em seu clássico trabalho descreveu três tipos de variações anatômicas e relatou uma incidência em torno de 15% desta variação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a inserção proximal do peitoral menor e relatar suas variações anatômicas. Métodos: Foram dissecados 12 cadáveres (24 ombros), onde foi realizada uma via deltopeitoral ampliada, isolada a inserção do tendão do peitoral menor e estudado sua inserção proximal. Foram excluídos os cadáveres com cicatrizes na região do ombro ou limitação importante do arco de movimento passivo. Resultados: Entre os 12 cadáveres dissecados, 8 eram homens e 4 mulheres, com idade média de 53,9 anos. Dos 24 ombros dissecados, 21 (87,5%) apresentaram a inserção do músculo totalmente na porção superior e medial do terço distal do processo coracóide. Em 3 ombros (12,5%), observou-se as variações anatômicas descritas por Le Double: um caso bilateral, com variação do tipo I e um caso unilateral direito, com variação do tipo II. Conclusão: Conhecer a anatomia do peitoral menor e suas possíveis variações anatômicas é importante para o manejo e entendimento das patologias do ombro.Introduction: The pectoralis minor is a thin muscle that originates from the third, fourth and fifth ribs and inserts proximally on the upper surface of the coracoid process and medial. Its action pull ventral and caudal the scapula, lowering his side angle in adduction of the arm. It also participates in the elevation of the third, fourth and fifth ribs during inspiration. His anatomical variation may be correlated with various pathologies of the shoulder and even be implicated in the failure of treatment of adhesive capsulitis. Le Double in his classic paper described three types of anatomical variations and reported an incidence of around 15% of this variation. Our goal was to analyze the proximal attachment of the pectoralis minor and report their anatomical variations. Methods: We dissected 12 cadavers (24 shoulders), 8 men and 4 women, mean age of 53.9 years. Was performed an extended deltopectoral approach, isolated insertion of the pectoralis minor tendon and studied the proximal attachment of the muscle. We excluded the bodies with scars on the shoulder or important limitation of passive range of motion. Results: Of the 24 shoulders dissected in 21 (87.5%) the insertion of the muscle occurred entirely in the upper medial and distal third of the coracoid process. In three shoulders (12.5%), we observed the anatomical variations described by Le Double. A bilateral case, with change of type I and one case with unilateral right variation of type II. Conclusion: Knowledge of the anatomy of the pectoralis minor and the possible anatomical variations is important for the understanding and management of pathologies of the shoulder, especially in techniques involving the coracoid process, or even the understanding of pathologies that can possibly have as the genesis of this anatomic variation of muscle.

scholarly journals Anatomic Variation of the Median Nerve Associated with an Anomalous Muscle of the Forearm

Folia Medica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atoni Dogood Atoni ◽  
Charles Aidemise Oyinbo
Keyword(s):  
Median Nerve ◽  
Anatomic Variation ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Profundus ◽  
Anomalous Muscle ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Male Cadaver ◽  
The Right ◽  
Flexor Digitorum

Abstract Documented anatomical variations are important not only for the study of the subject of anatomy, but also in clinical situation. This knowledge would aid surgeons in planning a preoperative strategy for surgical procedures and reconstructive surgery. The right forearm of a 35-year-old embalmed male cadaver present a splitting of the median nerve in the proximal 1/3 of the forearm to form medial and lateral divisions that accommodate an anomalous muscle. The split median nerve reunites at the distal 1/3 and continues as a single nerve. The anomalous muscle arises by muscle fibers from flexor digitorum superficialis and inserted by tendon into flexor digitorum profundus. There was no such variation in the left forearm. The knowledge of such anatomical variations is important to clinicians and surgeons in interpreting atypical clinical presentations and avoiding unusual injury during surgery.

scholarly journals Morphology of Piriformis- its clinical implications in Piriformis syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1.2) ◽  
pp. 7869-7873
Author(s):  
Harsimarjit Kaur ◽  
◽  
Rimple Bansal ◽  
Gurdeep S Kalyan ◽  
Ruchi Goyal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Gluteal Region ◽  
Common Trunk ◽  
Superior Gluteal Artery ◽  
Accessory Muscle ◽  
Superficial Branch ◽  
Male Cadaver ◽  
Human Cadavers

Background and Aim: Anatomical variations of neuromuscular structures of gluteal region are common. Each and every anatomical variation reflects a different and case specific clinical presentation. Piriformis is the key muscle to this region. This work was done to re-investigate the morphology of this muscle and structures related to it, in sufficient number of specimens to correlate with clinical syndrome. Materials and Methods: 60-lower extremities with gluteal region belonging to 30 embalmed adult human cadavers named as specimens comprised the material for this study. Gluteal region was dissected to see the variations in the origin, insertion and accessory slips of piriformis muscle. Results and Conclusion: Out of 60 specimens, piriformis consisted of one belly in 55 specimens (91.67%) and two bellies were observed in 5 specimens (8.33%). In two specimens belonging to one male cadaver, the piriformis was found being pierced by common trunk for inferior gluteal and common peroneal nerves whereas in three specimens piriformis was also being pierced by one root of posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh An accessory muscle was observed bilaterally in one cadaver. This accessory muscle was present below the piriformis on right side& it was related with the emergence of tibial nerve in between the piriformis and accessory muscle which is a rare pattern. On left side this accessory muscle was present above the piriformis & was associated with presence of superficial branch of superior gluteal artery between the upper border of piriformis and this accessory muscle. All these variations should be kept in mind during physical examination or evaluating radiological images of patients with low back pain. KEY WORDS: Anatomical variation, Piriformis, Pirifomis syndrome, extraspinal sciatic.

scholarly journals High Brachial Artery Bifurcation Clinical finding in Cadaveric Specimen by Medical Students During Internship

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Giulia Garcia Pedrão ◽  
Thales Vinicius Candido da Silva ◽  
Paulo Eduardo Novelini ◽  
Beatriz Ferratone Magalhães ◽  
Danilo Anderson Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Cadaveric Specimen ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Anatomy Laboratory

The high brachial artery bifurcation is an anatomical variation found in the arm segment. Although it does not present any alteration in the arterial blood functionality, it is considered a common spot for vascular lesions during surgical interventions that consist of the absence of anatomical knowledge. The research objective was to describe the high brachial artery bifurcation found in a cadaveric specimen from the anatomy laboratory as well as its main anatomoclinical aspects. Twenty-six upper limbs were investigated and dissected from the Universidade Brasil's Human Anatomy Laboratory, SP. These were formolized cadaveric specimens from both sexes. During upper limb dissection, arterial anatomical variations were observed in a single-arm segment. The variation was unilateral in the left hemisphere. The clinical findings were high brachial artery bifurcation and a rare case of the radial artery in the medial path, as well as an ulnar artery with a lateral path in the arm median third. It is clear that the understanding of anatomy and anatomical variations patterns is of utmost importance and a requirement for surgery, so surgeons need to be aware of clinical, anatomical, and arterial variations data, avoiding vascular lesions during the surgical interventions. Dissection is an important learning tool for students and resident doctors. It is suggested the use of dissection as a pedagogical resource to acquire skills in surgeries during internship and also to improve the anatomical variation cognition of upper limbs.

scholarly journals Usefulness of Computed Tomographic Perfusion Imaging for Appropriate Diagnosis of Acute Cerebral Vessel Occlusion in Case of Anatomic Variations of the Circle of Willis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeyanthan Charles James ◽  
Daniel Richter ◽  
Laura Tomaske ◽  
Ruth Schneider ◽  
Carsten Lukas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Perfusion ◽  
Anatomic Variation ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Circle Of Willis ◽  
Anterior Circulation ◽  
Vessel Occlusion ◽  
Cerebral Vessel ◽  
Computed Tomographic

Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is an effective treatment in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to emergent large-vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation. Occlusion of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) affects up to 15% of these patients. Here we report a case of an old-aged patient with an successful MT of an embolic A2-segment occlussion with the anatomic variation of a triplication. Triplication of ACA is a rare anatomical variation, and the occlusion could have been easily overlooked in case of not performing the CT-perfusion (CTP) sequences. As anatomical variations of the circle of Willis are present in most subjects, CTA alone might be limited in the acute setting, particularly for young residents performing the first view on call. This case highlights the importance of including CTP in the initial CT-diagnostic algorithm in AIS patients who are basically eligible for recanalization therapies, irrespective of inconspicuous initial findings in CTA.

scholarly journals Anatomical Variation of the Azygos System of Veins - Case Report

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (03) ◽  
pp. 207-209
Author(s):  
Josikwylkson Costa Brito ◽  
Vlademir Lourenço Falcão ◽  
Ana Luisa Castelo Branco Gomes ◽  
Deyvsom Felipe de Sousa Queiroga ◽  
Luciana Karla Viana Barroso
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Superior Vena ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Variable Structure ◽  
Azygos Vein ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Common Trunk ◽  
Hemiazygos Vein

Introduction The azygos system of veins (ASV) is a very variable structure characterized as a communication between the inferior and superior vena cava, having the azygos vein (AV), the hemiazygos vein (HV), and the accessory hemiazygos vein (HAV) as its main components, which are responsible for the mediastinal viscera and for the thoracoabdominal wall drainage. The aim of the present study is to report an anatomical variation found in a male cadaver at the Laboratory of Anatomy of the University Center of UNIFACISA, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. Case Report In the posterior mediastinum, the union of the HV, of the HAV, and of the 8th left posterior intercostal vein formed a common trunk at the level of the left 8th intercostal space, crossing the mediastinum posterior to the aorta artery, ending up in the AV, in the right hemithorax. Conclusion The study of the anatomical variations of the ASV is important and will provide knowledge for physicians not to confuse them with pathological processes in imaging exams. Moreover, it can provide safety in surgical approaches of the thorax.

scholarly journals Anatomical Variation of a Communicating Branch between the Musculocutaneous and the Median Nerve: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Dimosthenis Chrysikos ◽  
Andreas Athanasopoulos ◽  
Panagiotis Georgakopoulos ◽  
Ioannis Antonopoulos ◽  
Alexandros Samolis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Minimal Invasive ◽  
Musculocutaneous Nerve ◽  
Communicating Branch ◽  
Male Cadaver

<p><strong>Objective</strong>. The aim of our paper is to depict an anatomical variation of the brachial plexus, concerning a communicating branch between the median and the musculocutaneous nerve and its clinical significance. Anatomical variations of the brachial plexus and especially those of the musculocutaneous nerve are quite common. Awareness of these variations is of paramount importance in clinical practice, mainly in achieving best results in minimal invasive or surgical procedures.</p><p><strong>Case Report</strong>. After dissection in upper extremities in a 89-year-old male cadaver, a communicating branch between the median and the musculocutaneous nerve was found. This communicating branch was formed before the musculocutaneous nerve perforated the coracobrachialis muscle. It also derived from the level of the ansa medianis and its course was of an approximately 2cm length.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>. The clinical significance of our study is the entrapment of the musculocutaneous nerve that may cause clinical findings similar to those of the carpal tunnel syndrome.</p>

Carotid endarterectomy in patients with foetal-type posterior circle of Willis: Is there an indication for local anaesthesia?

VASA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 404-407
Author(s):  
Maras ◽  
Tzormpatzoglou ◽  
Papas ◽  
Papanas ◽  
Kotsikoris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Endarterectomy ◽  
Local Anaesthesia ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Circle Of Willis ◽  
Variable Degree ◽  
Operative Complications ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ica Stenosis ◽  
Symptomatic Stenosis

Foetal-type posterior circle of Willis is a common anatomical variation with a variable degree of vessel asymmetry. In patients with this abnormality, carotid endarterectomy (CEA) may create cerebral hypo-perfusion intraoperatively, and this may be underestimated under general anaesthesia. There is currently no evidence that anatomical variations in the circle of Willis represent an independent risk factor for stroke. Moreover, there is a paucity of data on treating patients with such anatomical variations and co-existing ICA stenosis. We present a case of CEA under local anaesthesia (LA) in a 52-year-old female patient with symptomatic stenosis of the right ICA and coexistent foetal-type posterior circle of Willis. There were no post-operative complications and she was discharged free from symptoms. She was seen again 3 months later and was free from complications. This case higlights that LA should be strongly considered to enable better intra-operative neurological monitoring in the event of foetal-type posterior circle of Willis.

scholarly journals Bilateral Anatomical Variation in the Formation of Trunks of the Brachial Plexus - A Case Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (01) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
E. Lasch ◽  
M. Nazer ◽  
L. Bartholdy
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Male Cadaver ◽  
Motor Nerves ◽  
The Right

AbstractThis study presents a bilateral variation in the formation of trunks of brachial plexus in a male cadaver. The right brachial plexus was composed of six roots (C4-T1) and the left brachial plexus of five roots (C5-T1). Both formed four trunks thus changing the contributions of the anterior divisions of the cervical nerves involved in the formation of the cords and the five main somatic motor nerves for the upper limb. There are very few case reports in the scientific literature on this topic; thus making the present study very relevant.

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