scholarly journals Origin and main branches of the cranial and caudal mesenteric arteries in the New Zealand rabbit

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (03) ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Estruc ◽  
R. Nascimento ◽  
N. Siston ◽  
R. Mencalha ◽  
M. Abidu-Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Lumbar Vertebra ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Surgical Anatomy ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Zealand Rabbit ◽  
Precise Knowledge ◽  
Arterial Vascularization

Abstract Introduction: Precise knowledge of variations in arterial vascularization of the abdominal viscera is important for systematization of radiological and surgical anatomy in animals that serve as experimental models and in domestic animals. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the origin and main branches of the cranial and caudal mesenteric arteries in rabbits. Materials and Methods: The anatomical dissections were performed in 30 cadavers of adult rabbits, 15 males and 15 females. Results: The cranial mesenteric artery arose as a single artery in all females and males. The average length of the cranial mesenteric artery in females was 2.63 cm and originated at the level oflst lumbar vertebra in two (13.33%) animals, between the 1st and 2nd lumbar vertebra in four (26.67%), on the 2nd lumbar vertebra in seven (46.67%), between 2nd and 3rd lumbar vertebra in one (6.67%) and at the level of 3rd lumbar vertebra in one (6.67%). The average length of the cranial mesenteric artery in males was 2.56 cm and originated at the level of1st lumbar vertebra in two (13.33%) animals, between the 1st and 2nd lumbar vertebra in two (13.33%), at the level of the 2nd lumbar vertebra in eight (53.33%), between the 2nd and 3rd lumbar vertebra in three (20%). The main ramifications of the cranial mesenteric artery were the caudal pancreatic duodenal, middle colic, jejunal and ileocecocolic arteries. The caudal mesenteric artery arose as a single artery in all females and males. The average length of the caudal mesenteric artery in females was 0.846 cm and originated at the level of 5th lumbar vertebra in three (20%) animals, between the 5th and 6th lumbar vertebra in two (13.33%), at the level of the 6th lumbar vertebra in seven (46.67%), %), between the 6th and 7th lumbar vertebra in two (13.33%) and at the level of the 7th lumbar vertebra in one (6.67%). The average length of the caudal mesenteric artery in males was 0.79 cm and originated at the level of the 5th lumbar vertebra in two (13.33%) animals, between the 5th and 6th lumbar vertebra in one (6.67%), at the level of the 6th lumbar vertebra in seven (46.67%), between the 6th and 7th lumbar vertebra in four (26.67%) and at the level of the 7th lumbar vertebra in one (6.67%). The caudal mesenteric artery arises from the aorta, originating the cranial rectal and left colic arteries. Conclusion: No relation was observed between the mesenteric length and the rostrum-sacral length in rabbits. The origin of the cranial and caudal mesenteric artery is not gender dependent.

scholarly journals Anatomical study on origin, course and distribution of cranial and caudal mesenteric arteries in the White New Zealand rabbit (Orycotolagus cuniculus)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Uddin ◽  
ML Rahman ◽  
MA Alam ◽  
ASML Ahasan
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Abdominal Aorta ◽  
Transverse Colon ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Middle Colic Artery ◽  
Colic Artery ◽  
Left Wall ◽  
Zealand Rabbit ◽  
Descending Colon

The present study was carried out on fifteen healthy adult White New Zealand rabbit (Orycotolagus cuniculus) to clarify the obscure mesenteric arteries, which and their branches which are usually involved in intestinal surgery. The mesenteric artery is a high caliber vessel, 2cm in length dependent on the abdominal aorta, right below the emergence of the vessels destined for the liver and stomach. The animals were sacrificed, injecting diazepam (30 mg/kg) in jugular vein. Cannulation of the abdominal aorta, perfusion with warmed water (40ºC) and stained latex injection (Neoprene 450, Capitol Scientific, Austin, U.S.A, Red carmine stain) were performed, followed by fixation. With formalin (10%) the dissection and photographic documents (Casio Cyber-shot, 12.1 mega pixels) made it possible to systemize the arteries and define the vascular patterns of the viscera. The results prone that the cranial mesenteric artery of the White New Zealand rabbit (Orycotolagus cuniculus) arose from the abdominal aorta, at the level of the second lumbar vertebra, entered the cranial mesentery forming its root, then proceeded caudoventrally in the mesojejunum and continued as the last cecal artery. The cranial mesenteric artery gave off: - Caudal pancreaticoduodenal artery to the right lobe of the pancreas and the descending and ascending parts of the duodenum. Middle colic artery, a small vessel (frequently two) arising from the left wall and passing to the transverse colon, Eighteen to twenty jejunal arteries, Ileocecocolic artery to the ileum, cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon and the cranial part of the descending colon. The caudal mesenteric artery arose from the abdominal aorta at the level of the caudal border of the root of the 6th lumbar transverse process, passed caudoventrally in the descending mesocolon, then divided into: left colic artery to the caudal two thirds of the descending colon, and cranial rectal artery to the cranial segment of the rectum. The obtained results were compared with their corresponding in the domestic animals, especially the domestic carnivores and laboratory animals. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijns.v2i2.11386 International Journal of Natural Sciences (2012), 2(2):54-59

scholarly journals Origin Level of the Ventral Branches of the Abdominal Aorta in the Rabbit and European Hare

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
D. Maženský ◽  
S. Flešárová
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aorta ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Lumbar Vertebra ◽  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Celiac Artery ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Corrosion Casting ◽  
European Hare ◽  
Fifth Lumbar Vertebra

AbstractThe aim of this research was to describe the level of origin of the branches originating from the ventral surface of the abdominal aorta in the rabbit and hare. The study was carried out on ten adult rabbits and ten adult European hares using the corrosion cast technique. After euthanasia, the vascular network was perfused with saline. Batson’s corrosion casting kit No. 17 was used as a casting medium. After polymerization of the medium, the maceration was carried out in a KOH solution. We found variable levels of the origin of the celiac, cranial mesenteric and caudal mesenteric arteries in both species. In the rabbit, the celiac artery originated in the majority of cases at the cranial end of the first lumbar vertebra and in the hare at the middle part of the vertebral body of the same vertebra. The cranial mesenteric artery in the rabbit originated predominantly at the level of the first lumbar vertebra and in the hare at the level of the second lumbar vertebra. In the rabbit, the caudal mesenteric artery originated mainly at the level of the sixth lumbar vertebra and in the hare, at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebra. We concluded that there were higher variabilities of the origins of the ventral branches of the abdominal aorta in domesticated rabbit in comparison with the European hare.

scholarly journals Mechanism of the Enhanced Vasoconstrictor Responses to Endothelin-1 in Canine Cerebral Arteries

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiharu Tanoi ◽  
Yoshio Suzuki ◽  
Masato Shibuya ◽  
Kenichiro Sugita ◽  
Kaoru Masuzawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basilar Artery ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Free Solution ◽  
Contractile Responses ◽  
Endothelin 1 ◽  
Voltage Dependent ◽  
Small Contraction

Vasoconstrictor effects of endothelin-1 (ET) were investigated in endothelium-denuded strips of cerebral (basilar and posterior cerebral) and mesenteric arteries of the dog. ET produced a concentration-dependent contraction in these arteries. Contractile responses to lower concentrations (below 3 × 10−10 M) of ET were significantly greater in the cerebral arteries than in the mesenteric artery. Inhibition by nifedipine of the contractile responses to ET was greater in the basilar artery than in the mesenteric artery. After the inhibition by 10−7 M nifedipine, the remaining responses to ET were similar in the two arteries. Cerebral arteries, but not the mesenteric artery, relaxed significantly from the resting level when placed in a Ca2+ -free solution containing 0.1 m M EGTA (0-Ca solution). Readdition of Ca2+ to the cerebral arteries placed in the 0-Ca solution caused a biphasic contraction that was sensitive to nifedipine. When 10−9 M ET was introduced before the Ca2+-induced contraction, this peptide produced only a very small contraction, but enhanced the Ca2+-induced contraction. The extent of the enhancement induced by ET was much greater in the cerebral arteries than in the mesenteric artery. These results indicate that the enhanced responses to ET in the cerebral arteries were dependent to a large extent on Ca2+ influx through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCs). It is likely that the VDCs in these arteries are more activated in the resting state than those in the mesenteric artery.

Functional changes in adenylyl cyclases and associated decreases in relaxation responses in mesenteric arteries from diabetic rats

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (5) ◽  
pp. H2234-H2243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Matsumoto ◽  
Kentaro Wakabayashi ◽  
Tsuneo Kobayashi ◽  
Katsuo Kamata
Keyword(s):  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Functional Change ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Adenylyl Cyclases ◽  
Camp Production ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Rat Mesenteric Artery

To assess the functional change in adenylyl cyclases (AC) associated with the diabetic state, we investigated AC-mediated relaxations and cAMP production in mesenteric arteries from rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. The relaxations induced by the water-soluble forskolin (FSK) analog NKH477, which is a putative AC5 activator, but not by the β-adrenoceptor agonist isoproterenol (Iso) and the AC activator FSK, were reduced in intact diabetic mesenteric artery. In diabetic rats, however, Iso-, FSK-, and NKH477-induced relaxations were attenuated in the presence of inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase. To exclude the influence of phosphodiesterase (PDE), we also examined the relaxations induced by several AC activators in the presence of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX; a PDE inhibitor). Under these conditions, the relaxation induced by Iso was greatly impaired in STZ-diabetic rats. This Iso-induced relaxation was significantly attenuated by pretreatment with SQ-22536, an AC inhibitor, in mesenteric rings from age-matched controls but not in those from STZ-diabetic rats. Under the same conditions, the relaxations induced by FSK or NKH477 were impaired in STZ-diabetic rats. Neither FSK- nor A-23187 (a Ca2+ ionophore)-induced cAMP production was significantly different between diabetics and controls. However, cAMP production induced by Iso or NKH477 was significantly impaired in diabetic mesenteric arteries. Expression of mRNAs and proteins for AC5/6 was lower in diabetic mesenteric arteries than in controls. These results suggest that AC-mediated relaxation is impaired in the STZ-diabetic rat mesenteric artery, perhaps reflecting a reduction in AC5/6 activity.

scholarly journals Anatomical Study of Variations in the Branches of Superior Mesenteric Artery – A Study from a Teaching Hospital in Chennai, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 1506-1510
Author(s):  
Ganga Venkatachalam ◽  
Kanagavalli Paramasivam ◽  
Lakshmi Valliyappan
Keyword(s):  
Superior Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Abdominal Aorta ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Lumbar Vertebra ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Middle Colic Artery ◽  
Branching Pattern ◽  
Colic Artery ◽  
Human Cadavers ◽  
Derivatives Of

BACKGROUND Superior Mesenteric Artery (SMA) is one of the anterior branches of the abdominal aorta. It originates from abdominal aorta at the level of lower border of first lumbar vertebra, one centimeter below the coeliac trunk. It gives the first branch inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery (IPDA), The colic branches arise from concave right side of the superior mesenteric artery, these are middle colic artery (MCA), right colic artery (RCA), ileo colic artery (ICA). Jejunal and ileal branches arise from left side of the SMA. Superior mesenteric artery supplies derivatives of midgut. Knowledge of branching pattern of the SMA is clinically important to gastroenterologists operating on gut and neighboring structures like pancreas, duodenum, and liver. We wanted to study the variations in the branches of superior mesenteric artery. METHODS This is a descriptive study conducted on 50 adult embalmed human cadavers by conventional dissection method, the findings were noted and tabulated. RESULTS Present study shows that inferior pancreatic duodenal artery orginated from SMA in 47 (94 %) specimens. IPDA was absent in 3 (6 %) specimens. Middle colic artery was found to arise from SMA in 48 (94 %) and MCA was absent in 2 (4 %) specimens. Right colic artery was found to arise from SMA in 47 (94 %) specimens and it was absent in 3 (6 %) specimens. Ileo-colic artery was found to arise from SMA in all 50 (100 %) specimens. CONCLUSIONS Awareness of these complex variations may prevent devastating complications during colonic surgeries. Variations in the branching pattern of superior mesenteric artery is essential for surgeons operating on derivatives of midgut, liver, pancreas. KEY WORDS Branches, Colic, Superior Mesenteric Artery, Variations

scholarly journals Surgical anatomy and histology of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle for blepharoptosis correction

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 1124-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boban Djordjevic ◽  
Marijan Novakovic ◽  
Milan Milisavljevic ◽  
Sasa Milicevic ◽  
Aleksandar Malikovic
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Superficial Layer ◽  
Surgical Anatomy ◽  
Arterial System ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Medial Branch ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Upper Eyelid ◽  
Orbital Septum

Background/Aim. The detailed knowledge of the architecture of the upper eyelid is very important in numerous upper eyelid corrective surgeries. The article deals with the detailed anatomy of the major components of the upper lid, which are commonly seen in surgical practice. Methods. This study was conducted on 19 human cadavers (12 adults and 7 infants) without pathologic changes in the orbital region and eyelids. Anatomic microdissection of the contents of the orbita was performed bilaterally on 12 orbits from 6 unfixed cadavers (3 male and 3 female). Micromorphologic investigations of the orbital tissue were performed on 8 en bloc excised and formalin-fixed orbits of infant cadavers. Specimens were fixed according to the Duvernoy method. An intra-arterial injection of 5% mixture of melt formalin and black ink was administered into the carotid arterial system. Using routine fixation, decalcination, dehydration, illumination, impregnation and molding procedures in paraplast, specimens were prepared for cross-sections. Results. The measurement of the muscle length and diameter in situ in 6 nonfixed cadavers (12 orbits) showed an average length of the levator palpbrae superioris (LPS) muscle body of the 42.0 ? 1.41 mm on the right, and 40.3 ? 1.63 mm on the left side. In all the cases, the LPS had blood supply from 4 different arterial systems: the lacrimal, supratrochlear, and supraorbital artery and muscle branches of the ophthalmic artery. The LPS muscle in all the specimens was supplied by the superior medial branch of the oculomotor nerve. The connective tissue associated with the LPS muscle contains two transverse ligaments: the superior (Whitnall?s) and intermuscular transverse ligaments (ITL). The orbital septum in all the specimens originated from the arcus marginalis of the frontal bone, and consisted of two layers - the superficial and the inner layer. In addition, a detailed histological analysis revealed that the upper eyelid?s crease was formed by the conjoined fascia including the fascia of the orbicularis muscle, the superficial layer of the orbital septum, and the aponeurosis of the LPS muscle, as well as the pretarsal fascia. Conclusion. The conducted study provided a valuable morphological basis for biomechanical and clinical considerations regarding blepharoptosis surgery.

Sex Differences in the Relation Between Frailty and Endothelial Dysfunction in Old Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jazmin A Cole ◽  
Mackenzie N Kehmeier ◽  
Bradley R Bedell ◽  
Sahana Krishna Kumaran ◽  
Grant D Henson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Vascular endothelial function declines with age on average, but there is high variability in the magnitude of this decline within populations. Measurements of frailty, known as frailty index (FI), can be used as surrogates for biological age, but it is unknown if frailty relates to the age-related decline in vascular function. To examine this relation, we studied young (4-9 months) and old (23-32 months) C57BL6 mice of both sexes. We found that FI was greater in old compared with young mice, but did not differ between old male and female mice. Middle cerebral artery (MCA) and mesenteric artery endothelium-dependent dilation (EDD) also did not differ between old male and female mice; however, there were sex differences in the relations between FI and EDD. For the MCA, FI was inversely related to EDD among old female mice, but not old male mice. In contrast, for the mesenteric artery, FI was inversely related to EDD among old male mice, but not old female mice. A higher FI was related to a greater improvement in EDD with the superoxide scavenger TEMPOL in the MCAs for old female mice and in the mesenteric arteries for old male mice. FI related to mesenteric artery gene expression negatively for extracellular superoxide dismutase (Sod3) and positively for interleukin-1β (Il1b). In summary, we found that the relation between frailty and endothelial function is dependent on sex and the artery examined. Arterial oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory signaling are potential mediators of the relations of frailty and endothelial function.

Abstract P093: Cytochrome B5 Reductase 3 And Xanthine Oxidase Coordinately Regulate Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase Physiological Redox State

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany G Durgin ◽  
Heidi M Schmidt ◽  
Scott A Hahn ◽  
Adam C Straub
Keyword(s):  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Guanylyl Cyclase ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Cytochrome B5 ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Cytochrome B5 Reductase ◽  
Cgmp Production ◽  
Sgc Activators

In cardiovascular disease, oxidative stress can drive soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) heme oxidation resulting in the loss of the sGC heme (apo-sGC), the impairment of nitric oxide (NO) binding and cGMP production, and vasoconstriction. Consequently, a new class of therapeutic compounds sGC activators have been developed which target oxidized and apo-sGC to cause irreversible, NO-independent reactivation of cGMP production and vasodilation. While sGC activators have had varied clinical success, surprisingly few studies have defined the impact of NO-independent sGC activation on vascular physiology in healthy conditions. We found mesenteric and pulmonary arteries are two log orders more sensitive to NO-independent sGC activator BAY 58-2667 induced vasodilation than aorta; no difference in NO-dependent sGC vasodilation between vessels was observed. These data indicate the presence of an activatable physiological pool of oxidized and/or apo-sGC in pulmonary and mesenteric arteries. We recently published that smooth muscle cell cytochrome b5 reductase 3 (CYB5R3) acts to reduce oxidized heme sGC back to its NO-sensitive reduced heme state during vascular disease. We found transgenic CYB5R3 overexpression (CYB5R3 OE) mice were more resistant to BAY 58-2667 mesenteric artery vasodilation and blood pressure lowering compared to wild-type controls (n=5-9) under physiologic conditions. Also, healthy CYB5R3 OE pulmonary arteries had a near complete loss of BAY 58-2667 vasodilation suggesting both mesenteric and pulmonary arteries contain a pool of oxidized sGC. We next asked if physiological H 2 O 2 production accounts for changes in BAY 58-2667 responsiveness. We found using mitochondrial-specific catalase overexpression mice, that BAY 58-2667 vasodilation did not differ from controls in any vascular bed (n=4-6). We next tested whether xanthine oxidase (XO), which can produce H 2 O 2 at the endothelial cell surface of vessels, can impact physiological BAY 58-2667 vasodilation. We found that Febuxostat, a XO inhibitor, led to a significant decrease in mesenteric artery BAY 58-2667 induced vasodilation from ~70% to ~30% (n=6). Combined, these data provide evidence for CYB5R3 and XO as regulators of physiological sGC resistance artery vasodilation.

Neurovascular function in the rat during pregnancy

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (5) ◽  
pp. H1000-H1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Hart ◽  
W. Freas ◽  
S. M. Muldoon
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Frequency Response ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Isometric Tension ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Receptor Sensitivity ◽  
Maternal Circulation ◽  
Sympathetic Control ◽  
Caudal Artery ◽  
Neuroeffector Junction

Activity of the vascular neuroeffector junction was examined in pregnant (PG) and nonpregnant (NPG) rats to determine whether changes could account for the reported alterations in sympathetic control of the maternal circulation. Caudal and mesenteric arteries were removed from NPG and 19-21 day PG rats and prepared for isometric tension recording. Frequency-response measurements were obtained, followed by norepinephrine (NE) and tyramine concentration-response measurements. The caudal artery developed more tension in response to NE, tyramine, and electrical stimulation than did the mesenteric artery; however, there were no differences between vessels from NPG and PG rats. NE content, [3H]NE accumulation, and effects of plasma on [3H]NE accumulation of NPG and PG caudal arteries were also compared and found to be similar. Therefore, vascular neuroeffector functions of NE release, receptor sensitivity, and NE accumulation are not modified in the rat during pregnancy. Changes in sympathetic control of the maternal circulation are likely to be dependent on alterations at sites other than the neuroeffector junction.

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