Introduction: Interfirm networks: Organizational mechanisms and economic outcomes

Innovation is a critical to the success of large, diversified Indian business groups and this chapter explores the specific organizational mechanisms they have adopted to enable and foster innovation in their organizations. First, these groups provide internal markets for much needed capital and talent necessary for innovation to make up for sufficient lack of these institutions externally. In addition, they have pursued the following actions: (a) significantly upped their investments in R&D and innovation, (b) created internal leadership councils to oversee and promote innovation, (c) created an innovation culture that encourages and celebrates entrepreneurship, risk-taking, and tolerance for failure, (d) undertaken formal learning interventions to build the innovation capabilities of their managers, and (e) set-up formal units to in-source innovation from external sources. Indian companies are yet in the early stages of this journey and will have to sustain these practices to demonstrate durable success with innovation.

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Access and Use of Contraception and Its Effects on Women’s Outcomes in the United States

The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190628963.013.19 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 218-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Martha J. Bailey ◽

Jason M. Lindo

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Birth Control ◽

The United States ◽

Human Existence ◽

Economic Outcomes ◽

Birth Control Pill ◽

American Women ◽

Long Acting ◽

Long Acting Reversible Contraceptives

Changes in childbearing affect almost every aspect of human existence. Over the last fifty years, American women have experienced dramatic changes in the ease and convenience of timing and limiting childbearing, ranging from the introduction of the birth control pill and the legalization of abortion to more recent availability of long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs). This chapter chronicles these changes, provides descriptive evidence regarding trends in the use of contraception and abortion, and reviews the literature linking them to changes in childbearing and women’s economic outcomes. It concludes by discussing the recent surge in LARC use, which seems to be one of the most pressing areas in need of further research.

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Perceived workplace gender-bias and psychological impact

European Journal of Training and Development ◽

10.1108/ejtd-09-2018-0088 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 (3/4) ◽

pp. 339-353 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Siham Lekchiri ◽

Cindy Crowder ◽

Anna Schnerre ◽

Barbara A.W. Eversole

Keyword(s):

Gender Bias ◽

Critical Incident ◽

Psychological Impact ◽

Working Women ◽

Content Type ◽

Treatment Bias ◽

Male Dominated ◽

The Impact ◽

Organizational Mechanisms ◽

Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the experiences of working women in a male-dominated country (Morocco) and unveil the unique challenges and everyday gender-bias they face, the psychological impact of the perceived gender-bias and, finally, identify a variety of coping strategies or combatting mechanisms affecting their motivation and retention in the workplace. Design/methodology/approach Empirical evidence was obtained using a qualitative research method. The Critical Incident Technique (CIT) was used to collect incidents recalled by women in the select institution reflecting their perceptions of their managers’ ineffective behaviors towards them and the impact of these behaviors. The critical incidents were inductively coded, and behavioral statements were derived from the coded data. Findings The qualitative data analysis led them to structure the data according to two theme clusters: The perceived gender-bias behaviors (Covert and evident personal and organizational behaviors) and Psychological impacts resulting from the perceived bias. These behavioral practices included abusive behaviors, unfair treatment, bias and lack of recognition. The psychological impact elements involved decreased productivity, depression, anxiety and low self-esteem. Practical implications Understanding these experiences can facilitate the identification of strategies geared towards the retention of women in the workforce, and Moroccan organizations can develop and implement strategies and policies that are geared towards eliminating gender-bias in the workplace and to retaining and motivating women who remain ambitious to work in male-dominated environments and cultures. Originality/value This paper provides evidence that sufficient organizational mechanisms to support women in male-dominated environments are still unavailable, leaving them to find the proper coping mechanisms to persevere and resist.

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92 Sustainable intervention for the improvement of goat health and socio-economic outcomes in rural communities in central Botswana

Animal - science proceedings ◽

10.1016/j.anscip.2021.03.093 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 71

Author(s):

A. Cooke ◽

L. Gwiriri ◽

C. Nyamukondiwa ◽

H. Machekano ◽

J. Ventura-Cordero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Economic Outcomes

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