Literacy, Multilingualism and Code-switching in Early English Written Texts: Herbert Schendl

2012 ◽  
pp. 36-52
Keyword(s):  
Code Switching ◽  
Written Texts ◽  
Early English

Language choice and appositive structures in written texts in Rwanda

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Gafaranga
Keyword(s):  
Language Choice ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Linguistic Competence ◽  
Practical Issue ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Written Texts ◽  
Concurrent Use ◽  
Language Alternation ◽  
Practical Level

Research in code-switching, undertaken against the backdrop of very negative attitudes towards the concurrent use of two or more languages within the same conversation, has traditionally been geared towards rehabilitating this form of language use. Now that code-switching has been rehabilitated, the research tradition faces an entirely new challenge, namely that of its continued relevance. This book argues that, in order to overcome this challenge, research should aim to describe specific interactional practices involving the use of two or more languages and outlines a methodology for doing so. This chapter illustrates this methodology by means of a specific case study. It describes the language choice practice of translinguistic apposition as observed in written texts in Rwanda. In Rwanda, authors often construct appositive structures in two languages. In turn, this possibility raises a theoretical as well as a practical issue. At the theoretical level language alternation is observed in “highly regulated texts” and, at the practical level, readers are assumed to be competent in all the languages involved. The chapter argues that the first issue does not actually arise as language alternation is oriented to as deviance and the second is resolved by reference to notion of ascribed linguistic competence in context.

Code-switching in early English literature

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Schendl
Keyword(s):  
English Literature ◽  
Medieval Literature ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Medieval Poetry ◽  
French And English ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Early English

Code-switching has been a frequent feature of literary texts from the beginning of English literary tradition to the present time. The medieval period, in particular, with its complex multilingual situation, has provided a fruitful background for multilingual texts, and will be the focus of the present article. After looking at the linguistic background of the period and some specifics of medieval literature and of historical code-switching, the article discusses the main functions of code-switching in medieval poetry and drama, especially in regard to the different but changing status of the three main languages of literacy: Latin, French and English. This functional-pragmatic approach is complemented by a section on syntactic aspects of medieval literary code-switching, which also contains a brief comparison with modern spoken code-switching and shows some important similarities and differences between the two sets of data.

Early English Code-Switching

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-77
Author(s):  
Mareike L. Keller
Keyword(s):  
Code Switching ◽  
Early English

Code-Switching in Lower-Class Writing: Autobiographies by Patients from Southern German Psychiatric Hospitals (1852–1931)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Schiegg
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
German Language ◽  
Historical Writing ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
Written Texts

AbstractThis paper examines intra-speaker variation in historical writing. Its purpose is to show that lower-class people were able to consciously switch between language forms of conceptual orality and distance in their texts. To test this hypothesis, the article focuses on code-switching phenomena in autobiographic writing by patients from the Southern German psychiatric hospitals in Irsee and Kaufbeuren (1852–1931). The corpus of this paper consists of c. 98,300 tokens by 22 writers, of whom 11 use code-switching. First, I develop a method to distinguish code-switching from code-mixing phenomena in written texts by combining structural with functional approaches. In the article’s empirical part, I analyse the writers’ different communicative repertoires and the structures and functions of code-switching. Writers use linguistic variants of both conceptual orality and distance for code-switching. Thereby, they often use dialect, regional, or Southern German language forms that are outside of their regular linguistic repertoires. This leads to a re-evaluation of diatopically marked variants as not necessarily reflecting a writer’s lack of standard competence, but on the contrary being his or her deliberate linguistic choices.

scholarly journals The Use of Code Switching: A Case of Iraqi Students in University of Karabuk

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 165-172
Author(s):  
Sattar J. Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Data Input ◽  
Frequent Type ◽  
Arabic Speakers ◽  
Written Texts

Code switching (CS) is considered as a widespread multifunctional phenomenon in bilinguals’ speech both formally and informally. CS is common among Arabic speakers because they usually use it when switching from English to Arabic in their utterances. Iraqi students are enlisted within this rule because they usually use English-Arabic CS. The current study aims at exploring the types of code-switching used in students’ daily life conversations in University of Karabuk and in dormitory setting and the reasons for using this code switching. These conversations are recorded and transcribed into written texts. Then, they are analysed by using Appel and Muysken’s (2005) classification of code-switching. Basing on the data input, the findings showed that the intra-sentential type is the most frequent type used in these conversations. Also, the findings showed that the reasons for code-switching were primarily either to convey a message or to express gratitude. These results were congruent with Poplack’s (1980) hypothesis. The study contributes noticeably to the knowledge body of literature as highlighting the use of code switching in the Turkish city of Karabuk.

scholarly journals Code-Switching in der Geschriebenen Sprache. Mehrsprachigkeit am beispiel Deutscher Pressetexte, Liedertexte und Sms-Nachrichten unter Berücksichtigung der Tendenz zur Konzeptionellen Mündlichkeit bzw. Schriftlichkeit

ACC Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-52
Author(s):  
Magdalena Malechová
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Theoretical Knowledge ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Written Texts ◽  
Written Form

Multilingualism plays an immense role in today's world. This linguistic interweaving occurs, consciously or unconsciously, but the understanding of linguistic interaction is always on the front burner. The contribution shows some possibilities of the encounter of different languages and the consequences of these contacts. One of the processes in which the languages are merging is called code-switching. On concrete examples in written language, coexisting elements of spoken language are shown. The aim of the article is, however, to observe the written language and its tendency to either conceptual verbal or written form of language and to present three types of written texts and how code-switching in this field of communication works. Based on theoretical knowledge about existing forms of changing language codes, in the empirical part of the study, exemplary excerpts are subjected to qualitative linguistic analysis and research results are presented.

Pidgin Poetics in Oceania

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Winduo
Keyword(s):  
Code Switching ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Written Texts ◽  
Figure Of Speech ◽  
Intimate Knowledge ◽  
Dialogic Process ◽  
Own Name ◽  
Colonial Text ◽  
Main Language

English is the main language of writing among Indigenous writers of Oceania for a number of reasons. The various textual appropriations and ways in which language of writing and language of the culture have been infused together to produce texts do reveal a dialogic process at work. It is impossible to avoid the linguistic features of written texts as they are constructed in Oceania. Writers in Oceania are free to choose the language of their texts without any interference. In this way, they make readers aware of the cultural truth that these writers are representing in their writings. Metonymy as a poetic device and cultural truth as a thematic in Indigenous writings capture the interests of many of the older and younger generations of Pacific writers. Metonymy is a figure of speech used in rhetoric in which a thing or concept is not called by its own name, but by the name of something intimately associated with that thing or concept. Some of the best poetry published across Oceania by generations of Pacific writers reveals extensive use of metonymy as a device to convey cultural truth. Poetry is written from the intimate knowledge of poets, embedded in the society in which they find inspiration. Bill Ashcroft and coauthors state: “the tropes of the post-colonial text may be fruitfully read as metonymy, language variance itself in such a text is far more profoundly metonym” because nuances in language can represent a whole cultural text. Syntactic fusion is one among different strategies of appropriation in postcolonial writing such as glossing, untranslated words, interlanguage, code-switching, and vernacular transcription.

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