The Problem of Using Secondary Sources: Elkind's Blunders

2019 ◽  
pp. 121-124
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Sources

Impak Kerjasama Politik Umno-Pas Terhadap Perkembangan Islam Di Malaysia Dari Tahun 1973 Hingga 1978

Sains Insani ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Mohammad Tawfik Yaakub ◽  
Osman Md Rasip
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Radio Station ◽  
The Political ◽  
Coalition Government ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Political Cooperation ◽  
Islamic Religion ◽  
Political Approach ◽  
The Impact

This article discusses impact of UMNO-PAS political cooperation towards Islamic development in Malaysia from 1973 until 1978. The success of political cooperation in 1973 was the result of both UMNO’s leader, Tun Abdul Razak and PAS’s leader, Asri Muda willingness to explore a new political approach compared to what was being practiced at that time. Both leaders then started the development of a government known as the ‘Cooperation Government’ with the combination of UMNO and PAS in 1973 and later on, the development of the National Front’s (BN) Coalition Government in 1974. The Islamic religion benefits the most from the development of the Coalition Government which is a favourable gain for the Malays in Malaysia. Henceforth, this article will discuss in detail on the impact of the political cooperation between UMNO and PAS within the cooperation period. The methods used for this research is by interview and also by referring to secondary sources which are analyzed in a historical descriptive manner that is normally practiced in historical research. At the end of this research it is established that there are profound impacts to the Islamic religion within the UMNO-PAS cooperation period within 1973 to 1978 for example, the television and radio station beginning starting their programmes with the recitation from Quranic verses, the promulgation of ‘Adhan, alcohols are no longer served in official government’s function, lottery companies are not allowed to promote and announce the lottery results in official government’s media, the establishment of Islamic institution, the strengthening of Islamic education and the appropriate change in the relevant ministry’s symbols. This article can be utilized by subsequent researchers who wish to study the impact of political cooperation between UMNO and PAS. Keywords: political cooperation, UMNO-PAS, cooperation government ABTRAK:Makalah ini membincangkan mengenai impak kerjasama politik UMNO-PAS terhadap perkembangan Islam di Malaysia dari tahun 1973 hingga 1978. Kerjasama politik yang berjaya dibentuk bermula pada tahun 1973 adalah hasil daripada kesediaan Tun Abdul Razak dengan Mohd Asri Muda yang menerajui UMNO dan PAS pada ketika itu mencetuskan perubahan corak berpolitik yang berbeza berbanding sebelumnya. Maka, kedua-dua pemimpin ini kemudiannya merintis pembentukan sebuah kerajaan yang menggabungkan UMNO dengan PAS menerusi Kerajaan Campuran pada tahun 1973 dan Kerajaan Gabungan Barisan Nasional (BN) pada tahun 1974. Hasil daripada kejayaan penubuhan kedua-dua kerajaan ini, perkembangan Islam di negara ini bertambah pesat dan dapat dimanfaatkan oleh keseluruhan orang Melayu di Malaysia. Justeru, artikel ini membincangkan secara terperinci impak kerjasama politik antara UMNO dengan PAS dalam tempoh kerjasama politik berkenaan. Penyelidikan ini menggunapakai kaedah temubual dan menyorot sejumlah sumber sekunder yang kemudiannya dianalisis secara deskriptif sejarah (historical descriptive analysis) yang lazimnya dipraktikkan dalam kajian sejarah. Hasil kajian ini mendapati terdapat impak-impak jelas terhadap perkembangan Islam di negara ini sepanjang tempoh kerjasama politik antara UMNO dengan PAS dari tahun 1973 hingga 1978. Antara impak-impak tersebut ialah permulaan siaran televisyen dan radio dengan bacaan ayat-ayat suci Al-Quran, mengumandangkan suara azan, penghapusan arak dalam majlis-majlis kerajaan, penghapusan promosi dan keputusan judi di media kerajaan, penubuhan institusi Islam, pemerkasaan pendidikan Islam dan penukaran simbol institisu kerajaan. Akhirnya, artikel ini dapat dimanfaatkan oleh penyelidik-penyelidik berikutnya untuk menilai impak kerjasama politik antara UMNO dengan PAS.Kata kunci: kerjasama politik, UMNO-PAS, kerajaan campuran

Historical text archives and prosopography: the COEL database system

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 57-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. B. Keats-Rohan
Keyword(s):  
Research Tool ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Core Data ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Core ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Full Discussion ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Level 2

The COEL database and database software, a combined reference and research tool created by historians for historians, is presented here through Screenshots illustrating the underlying theoretical model and the specific situation to which that has been applied. The key emphases are upon data integrity, and the historian's role in interpreting and manipulating what is often contentious data. From a corpus of sources (Level 1) certain core data are extracted for separate treatment at an interpretive level (Level 3), based upon a master list of the core data (Level 2). The core data are interdependent: each record in Level 2 is of interest in itself; and it either could or should be associated with an(other) record(s) as a specific entity. Sometimes the sources are ambiguous and the association is contentious, necessitating a probabilty-coding approach. The entities created by the association process can then be treated at a commentary level, introducing material external to the database, whether primary or secondary sources. A full discussion of the difficulties is provided within a synthesis of available information on the core data. Direct access to the source texts is only ever a mouse click away. Fully query able, COEL is formidable look-up and research tool for users of all levels, who remain free to exercise an alternative judgement on the associations of the core data. In principle, there is no limit on the type of text or core data that could be handled in such a system.

First Insights on Peruvian Luxury Consumers

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 699-712
Author(s):  
Anne-Flore Maman Larraufie ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Strong Potential ◽  
Analytic Process ◽  
Emerging Country ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Practical Recommendations

Peru is an emerging country showing strong potential for future luxury developments. It already holds luxury regular consumers, mainly in the Lima capital. However, it is currently approached in a standardized process by luxury firms, following what is done in other emerging markets for luxury. To be efficient, it is necessary to get more knowledge about Peruvian consumers. This is what this article aims at. After reviewing the historical background of the country along with its cultural dimensions, we present results from a two-stage analytic process based on data collected from secondary sources and interviews with consumers. We derive from that practical recommendations for luxury managers and propose some research questions and hypotheses to be further explored and tested.

Islamic Banking in Nigeria: Issues and Prospects

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuruddeen Abba Abdullahi
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Banking And Finance ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Islamic Religion ◽  
Developmental Opportunities ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Nigerian Banking

The Nigerian banking reform precipitated the adoption of Islamic banking and finance in 2009 as additional door to banking mechanism in the country. However, the implementation of the Islamic banking or non-interest banking has generated a lot of debate, specifically because its foundations are based on Islamic religion. This paper briefly reviews the concept, the challenges and prospects of Islamic banking in Nigeria. The paper relies on the secondary sources by reviewing and analysing various works on the subject. A reflection on the size of its population and the developmental opportunities indicates that Nigeria has the prospect of becoming the hub centre of Islamic finance in Africa. Yet there are numerous challenges to the development of the Islamic banking system in the country, including misrepresentation of the system, lack of linkages and investment institutions, lack of adequate knowledge, as well as shroud business ethos and corruption, which is endemic in the country. The paper recommends the need for greater public awareness about Islamic banking and creation of enabling environment (i.e. the legal, accounting and taxation systems) for the working of Islamic financial system.   

THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL IMPLICATIONS OF SKHOTHANE ON YOUTH’S (UNDER)DEVELOPMENT AT EKURHULENI’S TO WNSHIP(S) OF SOUTH AFRICA

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Ndwakhulu Tshishonga
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Youth Culture ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Culture Of Poverty ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Cultural Implications ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
Ultimate Purpose

This article examines the socio-economic implications that the controversial sub-culture of skhothane has on the development or underdevelopment of youth at Ekurhuleni and surrounding townships. It interrogates skhothane within the post-modern expressive youth culture. In the township(s) of Ekurhuleni, skhothane is regarded not only as a controversial sub-culture but also as a lifestyle whereby young people compete in acquiring material goods with the ultimate purpose of destroying them. This practice co-exists alongside youth unemployment and underdevelopment which is exacerbated by poverty, rising unemployment and gross inequalities. The author argues that the practice of skhothane sub-culture does not only undermine the policies and programmes aimed at the socio-economic upliftment of young people, but turns the youth into materialistic consumers. In this article, young people are viewed as victims of post-modern lifestyles who are socialised under an intergenerational culture of poverty and underdevelopment. It uses primary data from selected interviews with skhothane members and general members of local communities and secondary sources from books, accredited journals and newspapers.

Family Courts and Human Security in South West Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Oluwaleye Monisola
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Family Courts ◽  
South West ◽  
The Family ◽  
Domestic Violence Against Women

The trend of violence against women in Nigeria has increased more than ever recently, with many women having been deprived of their fundamental rights. Violence against women in Nigeria includes sexual harassment, physical violence, harmful traditional practices, emotional and psychological violence, and socio-economic violence. This article investigates cases of domestic violence against women in South West Nigeria by assessing the role of family courts in the adjudication of such cases. Both primary and secondary sources of data were employed to examine incidents of violence against women and the role of the family courts in ensuring justice. The author employed both primary and secondary sources of data; the data gathered were analysed by frequency and simple percentages, while qualitative data were descriptively analysed. The article reveals the causes of domestic violence against women to include a cultural belief in male superiority, women’s lack of awareness of their rights, women’s poverty owing to joblessness, men seeking sexual satisfaction by force, women having only male children, the social acceptance of discipline, the failure to punish the perpetrators of violence, the influence of alcohol, and in-laws’ interference in marital relationships. It also reveals the nature of domestic violence against women. The research revealed that the family courts have played prominent roles in protecting and defending the rights of women. The author therefore recommends that the law should strengthen the family courts by extending their power to penalise the perpetrators of violence against women. 

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