The State and the Multinational Enterprise in Less-Developed Countries *

2019 ◽  
pp. 119-135
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Enterprise ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Less Developed Countries

Varieties of Compressed Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-138
Author(s):  
D. Hugh Whittaker ◽  
Timothy J. Sturgeon ◽  
Toshie Okita ◽  
Tianbiao Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
The State ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Large Market ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Do So

Chapter 5 explores the ways in which less-developed countries experience the era-related effects of compressed development and try to cope with them. Chapter 4 compared late-developer Japan and compressed-developer China, but countries with poor or mixed records of economic development also face the opportunities and constraints of compression, and must do so with institutions, policies, and industries which emerged under prior conditions. Large-market less-developed countries such as Brazil, India, and even China face the era effects of compression, with legacies that are often poorly suited and sometimes antithetical to the demands of global value chains and technology ecosystems. Discontinuities and differences across sectors further complicate the role of the state in the era of compressed development.

Fairness, Consumer Consciousness and the Welfare of Less Developed Countries

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1850126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Immordino
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Multinational Enterprise ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Production Decisions ◽  
Equilibrium Level ◽  
Labour Standards ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Activist Organizations

Activist organizations, interest groups, unions and media reveal information about labour standards. In a world where some consumers are not self-interested, the price of a product made by a multinational enterprise and the latter's location and production decisions depend on the difference in labour standards between developed and less developed countries. We study the effect of an increase in the fraction of informed inequity-averse consumers on the behaviour of multinational frms, on the equilibrium level of labour standards and on the welfare of workers in the less developed countries. An increase in activism deteriorates labour practices and decreases welfare.

'Restrictive Business Practices', report by the UNCTAD Secretariat, April 1972.

1973 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-316
Author(s):  
G. M. Radhu
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
International Firms ◽  
The World ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
Financial Power ◽  
Administrative Structures

The report by the UNCTAD Secretariat, submitted to the third session of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development held in Santiago (Chile) in April 1972, deals with the restrictive business practices of the multinational corporations with special reference to the export interests of the developing countries. Since the world war, there has been a tremendous growth in the size and activities of many international firms. They have grown from the national corporation to the multidivisional corporation and now to the multinational corporation. With each step they acquired greater financial power, better technology and know-how and more complex administrative structures. They have subsidiaries and branches all over the world. In the course of the sixties they became one of the dominant factors in determining the pattern of world trade. At the same time, their increasingly restrictive business practices, which tended to adversely affect world trade and the export interest of less developed countries, attracted the attention of the governments both in developed and less developed countries and serious concern was shown at the international level. It is against this background that the UNCTAD undertook the study on the question of restrictive business practices.

On the issue of the revitalization and modernization of the engineering in Russia

2019 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
A. E. Melnikov
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Engineering Technology ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Technical Potential ◽  
Significant Barrier ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Competitive Products

Currently, one of the important tasks of the economic policy of Russia is the formation of a hightech image of the national economy, capable of effective functioning in the changing global geopolitical and geoeconomic conditions. In this context, the issue of revitalization of mechanical engineering, which plays a key role in the development of the country’s economy, is of particular relevance. This sector is a link between scientific and technological progress and the level of provision of domestic producers with domestic machines and equipment, allowing them to produce competitive products and to a lesser extent depend on the state of the external environment. The example of the developed countries of the world shows that the development of advanced engineering technology significantly increases the efficiency of the national economy, helps to accelerate its growth. At the same time, in Russia, in order to unleash the scientific and technical potential and activate engineering, it is necessary to initiate modernization processes in it. Based on the foregoing, the purpose of the study is to analyze the state of Russian engineering from the position of its role in the country’s economy. It is shown that at present a significant barrier to the development of this sector is the predominance of imported equipment, due to technical and operational characteristics, often superior to domestic counterparts.

ЦИФРОВАЯ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ ЭКОНОМИКИ РОССИИ:УГРОЗЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.B. Mikulin ◽  
IU.S. Panov ◽  
L.I. Krugliak
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
Modern Trend ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Radical Transformation

развитие цифровых технологий сформировало современный тренд к переходу на цифровую экономику для многих развитых государств, что требует кардинального трансформирования многих сфер деятельности государства и обществаthe Development of digital technologies has formed a modern trend towards the transition to a digital economy for many developed countries, which requires a radical transformation of many areas of activity of the state and society.

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