On the issue of the revitalization and modernization of the engineering in Russia

2019 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
A. E. Melnikov
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Engineering Technology ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Technical Potential ◽  
Significant Barrier ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Competitive Products

Currently, one of the important tasks of the economic policy of Russia is the formation of a hightech image of the national economy, capable of effective functioning in the changing global geopolitical and geoeconomic conditions. In this context, the issue of revitalization of mechanical engineering, which plays a key role in the development of the country’s economy, is of particular relevance. This sector is a link between scientific and technological progress and the level of provision of domestic producers with domestic machines and equipment, allowing them to produce competitive products and to a lesser extent depend on the state of the external environment. The example of the developed countries of the world shows that the development of advanced engineering technology significantly increases the efficiency of the national economy, helps to accelerate its growth. At the same time, in Russia, in order to unleash the scientific and technical potential and activate engineering, it is necessary to initiate modernization processes in it. Based on the foregoing, the purpose of the study is to analyze the state of Russian engineering from the position of its role in the country’s economy. It is shown that at present a significant barrier to the development of this sector is the predominance of imported equipment, due to technical and operational characteristics, often superior to domestic counterparts.

Risk-Oriented Model of the Distribution of Buildings (Structures) by Categories of Risk of Causing Harm (Damage) as the Result of Fire to Substantiate the Frequency of Scheduled Inspections of the Buildings (Structures)

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
A.V. Matyushin ◽  
◽  
A.G. Firsov ◽  
Yu.A. Matyushin ◽  
V.S. Goncharenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Fire Occurrence ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Record Card ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Object Of Control ◽  
Risk Categories

Normative legal acts of the Russian Federation establish that the criteria for assigning control objects to the categories of risk of causing harm should be formed based on the results of the assessment of the risk of causing harm. In the developed countries of the world, as a rule, the distribution of objects of control by risk categories and the substantiation of the frequency of their inspections are carried out depending either on the point risk assessment, or on the number and importance of the violations of mandatory fire safety requirements revealed during the inspection of the object of control. The purpose of this work is to substantiate the frequency of scheduled inspections of the objects of control by the state fire supervision bodies depending on whether the objects of protection belong to a particular category of risk of causing harm. As a criterion for assigning control objects to various categories of risk of causing harm, it is proposed to use the risk of causing harm (damage) as the result of fire in the buildings of various classes of functional fire hazard, which is understood as the product of the probability of fire occurrence, the probability of causing socio-economic harm (damage) as the result of fire and the value terms of socio-economic harm (damage). A mathematical model was developed to determine the risk of causing harm (damage) as the result of a fire in a building, and an assessment of its values for the buildings of various classes of functional fire hazard is given. Distribution of the buildings by categories of risk of causing harm (damage) was carried out depending on the calculated value of the risk of causing harm. It is shown that the distribution of control objects by risk categories significantly depends on the degree of detail in the fire record card of the characteristics of the building in which the fire occurred. The optimal terms for carrying out scheduled inspections of the objects of control are proposed depending on the category of risk to which they are assigned. Proposals are formulated concerning the improvement of the risk-oriented approach in the activities of the state fire supervision bodies of the EMERCOM of Russia.

MARKET POTENTIAL AS A GREEN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT FACTOR

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1507-1525
Author(s):  
E.A. Aleshina ◽  
◽  
A.A. Leksina ◽  
Zh. S. Dossumova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Organic Food ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
State Management ◽  
The Developed Countries

Organic agriculture, based on natural production technologies, obtains a great potential for reversing humanity to a healthy diet and living in harmony with nature by improving the state of the ecosystem. The share of organic food products in the market of the developed countries is already quite high; and various institutional systems of the industry have been introduced and are being improved in the leading countries of the world. Domestic agribusiness is currently lagging behind in these matters, but the situation should be significantly changed by the adopted law and state standard regulating the requirements for the organic sector. In this regard, an objective need arose to substantiate the capabilities and the resource potential of the Saratov region in this sphere. Within the framework of the presented research, an interdisciplinary fundamental platform to develop the theory of the organic food products market was formed. As a result, the elements of the scientific methodology (theories, principles, factors, methods) of its functioning were identified, which made it possible to substantiate the potential capacity of the regional consumer market for organic food. The calculation was made taking into account the rational norms of food consumption that meet modern requirements for a healthy diet, the heterogeneity of consumer preferences, the price gap for the main conventional and organic products in retail and the dispersion of prices for the latter, the implementation of state policy to protect and improve the health of certain population groups. This study is intended for the state management bodies of the agro-industrial sector, the leadership of agricultural, processing and marketing enterprises, the structures of wholesale and retail food products trade and branch research institutions.

Reforming of state civil service of Russia in the conditions of distribution of the concept «new publicity»: problems and restrictions

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Слатинов ◽  
Vladimir Slatinov
Keyword(s):  
Public Involvement ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Rent Extraction ◽  
Administrative Reforms ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
In Transit

Administrative reforms have entered a new "postmanager" phase in the developed countries. Its certain characteristic is the increased attention to enforce proper management ability of the state under the broad involvement of business and public in decision of public affairs. Receiving the widespread in public administration, the theory of the concept of "new publicity" forms the modern approaches to the development of public values and ensuring their influence on public policy and management. In transit political and administrative systems the formation of mechanisms of public involvement in reforming the state and municipal management is becoming an important factor in the success of administrative reforms. Using the principles and techniques of public participation of civil society in the reform of the Russian Civil Service is declared by the political elite and set legally. However, the decisive influence of motives of political and administrative rent extraction and the associated dominance in personnel policy in government of protectionism and clientelism does not allow to achieve systemic change in the course of reforming the Civil Service of Russia.

scholarly journals Kontraversi Foreign Direct Investment dan Solusinya Bagi Negara

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Silsila Asri
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Large Contribution ◽  
Flow State ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
The Developed Countries

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is one of the essential capital sources for developingcountries which provide large contribution in economic development trough transfer of asset, good corporate governance and especially technology. This expectation is not always provide positive impact to the recipient countries. FDI, which is often implemented in Multi National Corporation, also becomes a tool for the developed countries to control the economic activities in developing countries in pursuing their benefit and interest. Sometimes, those MNCs also have a signifincance influence in political activities of recipient countries. Beside that, MNCs not always provide large attention to the community development. From this condition, debate about the role of state in managing of FDI emerged in political economic discourses. This paper describes about one of alternative thought how state copes with globalization. FDI is one of phenomena which emerged as the concequnces of globalization.Ian Clark suggested two perceptions about the relation of state and globalization. First, globalization has significance implication in eroding the state capacity as economic actor in international stage. Second, state is the key element in globalization process, in this perception there is a position shift of the state from state retreat to state adaptation. This paper conclude that, state also has capacity to control FDI dan globalization which accompanied it’s flow. State must place itself as business actor which has competitiveness. Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment,Globalization, State retreat, state adaptation 

scholarly journals Freedom of the Markets versus Good Governance

Competitio ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-61
Author(s):  
László Muraközy
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Important Conclusion ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Historical Past

The market and the state, operation and characteristics of two institutions of key importance in the modern mixed economies, are investigated for the former socialist countries in this study. After two decades it can be seen more clearly what system has been established in the region, how it operates, and what its characteristics are. In the first part of the with the help of international comparisons we examine how free the market is, how good the rules are, and how much they help, or hinder, the fulfilment of its function. From an other aspect we compare the scope of the good governance and the size, the freedom and efficiency of the state. According to the evidence of the international studies examined, the former socialist countries established the forms of the market institutional system relatively quickly, but the operation and quality of these lagged significantly behind those of the developed countries. Also important conclusion of the study is that by the first decade of the millennium the characteristics of the former socialist countries are increasingly diverging from one another. Both the characteristics of the earlier socialism, and the more distant historical past which can be caught in the act within it, had and have an effect on the economic and social systems now established in Eastern and Central Europe. Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes: H1, P17, P27, P35

Human Resources in Science and Technology: State and Efficiency of Use

2014 ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
I. Tsapenko
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Disciplinary Structure ◽  
Steady Growth ◽  
Innovation Economy ◽  
The Developed Countries

The developed countries demonstrate steady growth of human resources in science and technology, being fixed in the rise of the share of tertiary educated in population as well as the share of professionals and technicians in employed population. The composition, quality and rationality of the usage of intellectual resources are strongly influenced by the disciplinary structure and other features of the system of tertiary education, as well as by the correspondence of demand and supply on the market of intellectual labour. There is a significant correlation between the state of such resources and the development of innovation economy.

scholarly journals Administrative and Legal Mechanism for Ensuring the Rights of Civil Servants in Ukraine and the Developed Countries of the World

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (65) ◽  
pp. 230-247
Author(s):  
Ruslan Serbyn ◽  
Inna Zelenko ◽  
Elena Kiselyova ◽  
Maryna Voloshyna ◽  
Yevheniya Mykhaylovsʹka
Keyword(s):  
Trade Unions ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Labor Rights ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Trade Union Movement ◽  
Union Movement ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Mechanism

The relevance of this article is due to the ambiguity of the situation of trade unions in Ukraine and the lack of an effective mechanism for the protection of the rights of public officials, which directly influences the development of the state as democratic and legal. The objective of the article is to analyze the state of activity and functioning of the trade union movement in the public administration, to: describe deficiencies in these activities and identify ways to extrapolate positive international experiences in the matter to Ukraine. The main methods used were the general methods of scientific and specific research, including the methods of logic, analysis and comparison of the sources collected. By way of conclusion, the results of this study highlight the problems of union functioning together with the peculiarities in the civil service, therefore, it is proposed to amend the current legislation of Ukraine in order to protect the social and labor rights of public officials. The importance of the results obtained is further reflected in the fact that this study can serve as a basis for outlining future changes to Ukraine's current legislation on the functioning of trade unions in the civil service.

scholarly journals Land taxation

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 883-888
Author(s):  
Anca Marina Izvoranu ◽  
Henriette Cristiana Călin
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Information Resources ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Land Taxation ◽  
The Developed Countries

Abstract The process of producing agricultural goods involves natural resources, cataloged as inputs. Neutral, the most important is the land, as the primary resource among seeds, land, agricultural machinery, fuel. The present paper will analyze how the land resource is taxed, the needs and opportunities of taxation, and what are the shortcomings of this niche. The study does not aim to deal exhaustively with the legislation related issues in this sector, but has in particular sought to identify future directions of development in terms of the ability of agricultural actors to cope with the commitments they have since they are owner of agricultural land. At the same time, the information resources landowners would need to help understand and overcome the tax obstacles that they live when they want to grow through acquisitions or expansions, will be considered. Taxes, as part of fiscal policy, part of the economic policy, are established instruments, considering the level of development and the state national economy. That’s why they differ from one country to another, relative to their level of development. In low-developed countries, a smaller redistribution of the Gross Domestic Product of Taxes is observed, through the state budget, to the situation of the developed countries.

scholarly journals International practices of using the cluster approach for the development of integration processes

2017 ◽  
pp. 69-82
Author(s):  
Eduard Karapetian
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Industrial Clusters ◽  
The State ◽  
Cluster Approach ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
High Level

The research paper considers the existing approaches to defining the essence of clusterization and clusters in foreign economies, and presents the analysis of conditions leading to the emergence and development of industrial clusters. Some practices of forming cluster structures in the developed countries are described. The role of industrial clusters in providing real economic growth and increasing efficiency of production is clarified. It is proved that using the cluster approach in Ukraine is a necessary foundation for a revival of regional manufacturing and thereby ensuring a high level of the national economy’s competitiveness. The aim of the article is to undertake an in-depth study of international concepts and axiomatic doctrines of integration processes on the basis of using the cluster approaches, which may become the foundation of applied research devoted to efficient functioning of industrial associations as a priority of structural modernization and acceleration of innovation and investment growth of the national manufacturing. The cluster approach has emerged from implementing a policy of foreign countries focused on the development of regions. Implementation of clustering in international activities clearly demonstrates its advancement and efficiency. An important factor of improving efficiency is the organizational factor associated with the regional association of manufacturers. The regions in whose territories clusters are formed become leaders in national economies and foreign economic relations. The study of the basic concepts of competition and global practices of business activities allows us to conclude that the theory of cluster mechanisms serves as a basis for establishing more successful firms and economic systems. Cluster systems combine the most effective and interconnected types of economic activity by grouping successfully competing firms that form the leading component of the whole economic system of the state and create competitive positions in the sectoral, national and global markets. The cluster approach, which was originally used to research issues of competitiveness of individual groups of enterprises, subsequently have become applicable in solving a wider range of tasks: the analysis of the competitiveness of the state, region, sector; as a basis of national manufacturing policy; as a basis for the interaction of big and small businesses.

scholarly journals The Role of TASK, A Bridge between Higher Education Institutes and Industries, in Enhancing the Employment Opportunities of Students in the State of Telangana, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
M. Pratibha
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Academic Freedom ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
The Developed Countries

<p>The present study is an endeavour to have some insights into TASK’s activities and to provide possible suggestions to reduce the present gap between HEIs and industry. TASK has been introduced in the four-year-old state of Telangana to find the need to promote academic freedom in producing skilled professionals. In the process of developing innovative schemes to fill the gap between HEIs (Higher Education Institutes) and industries, the state of Telangana, India, has started TASK (Telangana Association for Skill and Knowledge) in the year 2015. TASK is a non-profit organization with an objective of offering quality human resources and services to the industry at subsidized rates. Courses are created by experts according to the requirements of the industry. These courses are focused to create skilled professionals who can contribute to the industry. For example, when Samsung needed employees trained in Tizen programming, TASK could train and supply the required immediately. TASK enables graduate retention (by avoiding brain drain particularly to the developed countries) and quality attractiveness of local employment. </p>

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