Policy responses to youth unemployment: Cultures, careers and consequences

2019 ◽  
pp. 124-143
Author(s):  
Howard Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Policy Responses

#6751 WHY WE NEED TO ACHIEVE AN INTERNATIONALLY AGREED AGE DEFINITION OF THE ‘NEET’ GROUP

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter ◽  
Mpho Ngoepe
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
International Variation ◽  
Specific Target ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Age Cohort ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Made In

Internationally, significant variation exists between the use and application of the term ‘NEET’ (not in education, employment or training) to define levels of economic and social exclusion among groups of young people. It depends on the situation, and/or the context in which the term is applied. The term draw attention to unacceptably high levels of youth unemployment and economic inactivity, as well as the scarring consequences this may have on young people’s lives. The use of the term ‘NEET’ has faced a number of international challenges, including the age cohort to which the term is applied. This varies from one organisation to another, and the specific target group assigned and the variability of meaning of the term ‘NEET ‘itself. This paper aims to provide a review of the shifting and changing age cohort included within the NEET category since its inception in the 1990s. The study utilises an Entity-Related Diagram to demonstrate the international variation that now exists. Recommendations are made in order to maximise the deployment of a standardised definition of NEET, in order to achieve some commonality of understanding about how we measure and define ‘NEEThood’, and crucially, in developing and applying policy responses to address their needs.

scholarly journals Youth Unemployment and the 'Invisible Hand' - A Case for a Social Measure of Unemployment

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Invisible Hand ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Invisible

This paper considers the relationship between youth unemployment, the 'invisible hand', and increasing youth dependency. Empirically, it shows that conventional measures of unemployment often conceal more than they reveal. This is because they are based on labour force participation rates which differ both between different age, sex, and ethnic groups, and across time; and because the analyses are usually cross-sectional. The paper argues that such measures contribute to (i) superficial interpretations of the causes of youth unemployment (and unemployment in general); (ii) misleading impressions of the degree to which each group is exposed to (that is, 'carrying' the consequences of) unemployment; and therefore can lead to (iii) inappropriate policy responses. An alternative population-based index is proposed, and a more illustrative cohort perspective of unemployment is given. In combination with a brief review of associated demographic factors, the results place in doubt the current wisdom of permitting the 'invisible hand' to manage contemporary unemployment.

The Changing Nature and Use of the Concept NEET in Contemporary Society

2021 ◽  
pp. 394-411
Author(s):  
Walter Matli
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
International Variation ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Age Cohort ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Made In

Internationally, significant variation exists between the use and application of the term ‘NEET' (not in education, employment, or training) to define levels of economic and social exclusion among groups of young people. It depends on the situation, and/or the context in which the term is applied. The term draw attention to unacceptably high levels of youth unemployment and economic inactivity, as well as the scarring consequences this may have on young people's lives. This chapter aims to provide a review of the shifting and changing age cohort included within the NEET category since its inception in the 1990s. The study utilises an entity-related diagram to demonstrate the international variation that now exists. Recommendations are made in order to maximise the deployment of a standardised definition of NEET, in order to achieve some commonality of understanding about how we measure and define ‘NEEThood', and crucially, in developing and applying policy responses to address their needs.

scholarly journals YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT IN EUROPE – BUSINESS CYCLES, CRISES, AND POLICY RESPONSES

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 116-124
Author(s):  
Albena Vutsova ◽  
Martina Arabadzhieva ◽  
Todor Yalamov
Keyword(s):  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Annual Basis ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
The Eu

Purpose: The goal of the paper is to analyse in which countries’ youth unemployment is statistically pro or countercyclical and how crises in the last decade have affected it. What would the plausible explanations for diverging patterns within the EU and other European countries be? In what terms is the young people’s labour market across Europe imbalanced? Methodology: The paper builds on Gontkovicova et al.’s (2015) analysis of correlations between GDP growth and youth unemployment on an annual basis by adding more indicators and considering the quarterly basis as well. The quantitative approach is enriched by qualitative insights on Southeast European countries studied within the Erasmus+ YouthCap project (CRA, 2020). Findings: Most of the countercyclical youth unemployment trends in the last 20 years are observed in Eastern European countries (Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia). From Western European countries Iceland, Denmark and Portugal are countercyclical. The most resilient countries in terms of COVID-19 are North Macedonia, Serbia, Turkey and Iceland, which were able to reduce youth unemployment during the coronavirus crisis (Q3 in 2019 and 2020). Plausible policy reactions have been identified based on the concept of learning societies and the need for continuous education. Practical implications: The paper argues why localised policy responses could be more effective than a centralised solution. However, increased coordination and standardisation of secondary and higher education could lead to increased youth labour migration. Originality/value: The paper combines a more traditional quantitative approach to the most recent data series with the qualitative approach of identifying various micro-trends by looking at selected outlier countries.

Confrontational and preventative policy responses to terrorism: Anger wants a fight and fear wants "them" to go away

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Scott Morgan ◽  
Linda J. Skitka ◽  
Christopher W. Bauman ◽  
Nicholas P. Aramovich
Keyword(s):  
Policy Responses

THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL IMPLICATIONS OF SKHOTHANE ON YOUTH’S (UNDER)DEVELOPMENT AT EKURHULENI’S TO WNSHIP(S) OF SOUTH AFRICA

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Ndwakhulu Tshishonga
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Youth Culture ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Culture Of Poverty ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Cultural Implications ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
Ultimate Purpose

This article examines the socio-economic implications that the controversial sub-culture of skhothane has on the development or underdevelopment of youth at Ekurhuleni and surrounding townships. It interrogates skhothane within the post-modern expressive youth culture. In the township(s) of Ekurhuleni, skhothane is regarded not only as a controversial sub-culture but also as a lifestyle whereby young people compete in acquiring material goods with the ultimate purpose of destroying them. This practice co-exists alongside youth unemployment and underdevelopment which is exacerbated by poverty, rising unemployment and gross inequalities. The author argues that the practice of skhothane sub-culture does not only undermine the policies and programmes aimed at the socio-economic upliftment of young people, but turns the youth into materialistic consumers. In this article, young people are viewed as victims of post-modern lifestyles who are socialised under an intergenerational culture of poverty and underdevelopment. It uses primary data from selected interviews with skhothane members and general members of local communities and secondary sources from books, accredited journals and newspapers.

Capital Flows to Developing Countries: Blessing or Curse? (Distinguished Lecture)

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (4I) ◽  
pp. 125-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsin S. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Capital Flows ◽  
Financial Integration ◽  
Foreign Capital ◽  
Foreign Debt ◽  
Capital Inflows ◽  
Private Capital ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Private Capital Flows ◽  
Significant Phenomenon

The surge of private capital flows to developing countries that occurred in the 1990s has been the most significant phenomenon of the decade for these countries. By the middle of the decade many developing countries in Asia and Latin America were awash with private foreign capital. In contrast to earlier periods when the scarcity of foreign capital dominated economic policy-making in these countries, the issue now for governments was how to manage the largescale capital inflows to generate higher rates ofinvestrnent and growth. While a number of developing countries were able to benefit substantially from the private foreign financing that globalisation made available to them, it also became apparent that capital inflows were not a complete blessing and could even turn out to be a curse. Indeed, in some countries capital inflows led to rapid monetary expansion, inflationary pressures, real exchange rate appreciation, fmancial sector difficulties, widening current account deficits, and a rapid build-up of foreign debt. In addition, as the experience of Mexico in 1994 and the Asian crisis of 1997-98 demonstrated, financial integration and globalisation can cut both ways. Private capital flows are volatile and eventually there can be a large reversal of capital because of changes in expected asset returns, investor herding behaviour, and contagion effects. Such reversals can lead to recessions and serious problems for financial systems. This paper examines the characteristics, causes and consequences of capital flows to developing countries in the 1990s. It also highlights the appropriate policy responses for governments facing such inflows, specifically to prevent overheating of the economy, and to limit the vulnerability to reversals of capital flows.

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