The brain of motor systems and emotions: the diencephalon and the limbic system

2018 ◽  
pp. 123-140
Author(s):  
Susan Hart
Keyword(s):  
Limbic System ◽  
Motor Systems ◽  
The Brain

The history and scope of neuropsychiatry

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Michael Trimble
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Limbic System ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Romantic Era ◽  
The Brain

This chapter discusses the clinical necessity from which the intersection of neurology and psychiatry arose, exploring different eras and their associated intellectual milestones in order to understand the historical framework of contemporary neuropsychiatry. Identifying Hippocrates’ original acknowledgement of the relation of the human brain to epilepsy as a start point, the historical development of the field is traced. This encompasses Thomas Willis and his nascent descriptions of the limbic system, the philosophical and alchemical strides of the Enlightenment, and the motivations behind the Romantic era attempts to understand the brain. It then follows the growth of the field through the turn of the twentieth century, in spite of the prominence of psychoanalysis and the idea of the brainless mind, and finally the understanding of the ‘integrated action’ of the body and nervous system, which led to the integration of psychiatry and neurology, allowing for the first neuropsychiatric examinations of epilepsy.

Brain Limbic System Based Robust Control for Lane Change Maneuver

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changwon Kim ◽  
Reza Langari
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Control ◽  
Limbic System ◽  
Driver Model ◽  
Lane Change ◽  
Lateral Dynamics ◽  
Human Driver ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Suggested Strategy ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Brain

This paper presents the application of a novel intelligent control strategy for lane change maneuvers in highway environment. The lateral dynamics of a vehicle with and without wind disturbance are derived and utilized to implement a neuromophic controller based on the brain limbic system. To show the robustness of the proposed controller, several disturbance conditions including wind, uncertainty in the cornering stiffness, and changes in the vehicle mass, are investigated. To demonstrate the performance of the suggested strategy, the simulation results of the proposed method were compared with the human driver model based control scheme, which has been discussed in the literature. The simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed controller in energy efficiency, driving comfort, and robustness.

The Importance of Handwriting Experience on the Development of the Literate Brain

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 502-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin H. James
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Letter Recognition ◽  
Facilitatory Effect ◽  
Symbol Recognition ◽  
Facilitative Effect ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Motor Systems ◽  
The Brain

Handwriting experience can have significant effects on the ability of young children to recognize letters. Why handwriting has this facilitative effect and how this is accomplished were explored in a series of studies using overt behavioral measures and functional neuroimaging of the brain in 4- to 5-year-old children. My colleagues and I showed that early handwriting practice affects visual symbol recognition because it results in the production of variable visual forms that aid in symbol understanding. Further, the mechanisms that support this understanding lay in the communication between visual and motor systems in the brain: Handwriting serves to link visual processing with motor experience, facilitating subsequent letter recognition skills. These results are interpreted in the larger context of the facilitatory effect that learning through action has on perceptual capabilities.

Spontaneous Rem Behaviors in a Microcephalic Infant

1972 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 827-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Harmon ◽  
Robert N. Emde
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Limbic System ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Tentative Conclusion ◽  
Previous Evidence ◽  
Human Newborn ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Cerebral Structures

A microcephalic human newborn exhibited a repertoire of spontaneous REM behaviors, including REM smiling, at rates characteristic of a normal newborn comparison group. Cyclical alternations between behavioral REM and non-REM states were also documented. A detailed post-mortem examination supported an inference that this infant had severely impaired functioning of cerebral cortex and limbic system during its brief postuterine life. The findings support a tentative conclusion that the observed spontaneous REM behaviors are mediated through the brain stem and that cerebral structures, including the limbic system, are not necessary for this mediation. The findings are also consistent with previous evidence that the seat of organization of REM and non-REM sleep is in the brain stem.

Distribution of acetylcholinesterase in the limbic system of the brain of the rabbit

1980 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Shih-chang ◽  
M. Girgis
Keyword(s):  
Limbic System ◽  
The Brain

Tissue lipid peroxidation during subliminal electrical stimulation of the limbic system of the brain

1985 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 1333-1335 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Devyatkina ◽  
L. M. Tarasenko ◽  
L. E. Bobyreva ◽  
N. G. Sergienko ◽  
O. N. Voskresenskii
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Limbic System ◽  
Tissue Lipid ◽  
Tissue Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

Phantom Limbs

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Gaukroger
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Limbic System ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Sensory Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Philosophical Problem ◽  
Nerve Endings ◽  
Spinal Chord ◽  
Phantom Limbs ◽  
The Brain

Phantom limbs pose a philosophical problem about the location of pains. The work of Descartes first used them to make a philosophical point about the brain in relation to the body. They have traditionally been thought of as being due to nerve endings on the pathway to the original limb being activated. However, it was subsequently discovered that the phenomenon occurs even when the spinal chord is severed, suggesting that it is rather a question of brain activity, part of a neurosignature through which the brain indicates the body is one’s own. More recent resarch suggests involvement not only of the sensory systems but also the parietal cortex and the limbic system, which is concerned with emotion and motivation.

scholarly journals The Anatomical and Functional Heterogeneity of the Mediodorsal Thalamus

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioana Antoaneta Georgescu ◽  
Daniela Popa ◽  
Leon Zagrean
Keyword(s):  
Limbic System ◽  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Thalamic Nucleus ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Affective Behaviors ◽  
The Neural Networks ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Insight Into

The mediodorsal nucleus (MD) represents just one piece of a complex relay structure situated within the brain, called the thalamus. MD is characterized by its robust interconnections with other brain areas, especially with limbic-related structures. Given the close anatomo-functional relationship between the MD and the limbic system, this particular thalamic nucleus can directly influence various affective behaviors and participate in cognition. In this work, we review data collected from multiple anatomical studies conducted in rodent, human, and non-human primates, highlighting the complexity of this structure and of the neural networks in which it takes part. We provide proof that the MD is involved in the unification of several anatomical structures, being able to process the information and influence the activity in numerous cortical and subcortical neural circuits. Moreover, we uncover intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms that offer MD the possibility to execute and control specific high functions of the nervous system. The collected data indicate the great importance of the MD in the limbic system and offer relevant insight into the organization of thalamic circuits that support MD functions.

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