Analyzing the housing condition and ventilation performance of low-income settlements

The people fall in low income group is generally migrants and the local poor. Majority of slum people are living in poor quality housing where the absence of basic services and facilities is significant. The aim of the study is to evaluate the existing housing condition, to identify the present condition of sanitary facilities & drainage facilities, to evaluate the present condition of drinking water quality (lab analysis) & to determine the level of noise as this area is near to the main bus station & health services. To collect the required information random sampling method was used and questionnaire survey was done with slum dwellers. Lab analysis was made to find out the water quality. The noise level was measured using Noise Level meter. The study has tried to analyze the problem and advantages for living in the slum settlements, the slum settlements consequences on surroundings with a special reference of Khora Slum of Khulna City Corporation. The housing condition of the study area is not good. About 80% houses are in such a condition that it is very hard to live in there. The main problem is that these people are not aware of the environment where they are living as it is not their permanent living place. It was found that responsible authorities are not doing anything for the slum people. There is no qualified doctor in that area. Though the sadar hospital is nearer but they dont have enough money to go there. Mosquito is main problem here as there is no fixed place for throwing their household waste. Sanitation facilities are very poor here. There is only one community sanitary latrine with three chambers but it is not sufficient for all the people of the slum. Drinking water is another problem here as there exists only five tube wells of three are used by most of the people and the quality of water of the tube wells were analyzed in the lab. It was found that salinity level is very high (10 ppt) & color is dark of the water of the tube wells. By this study it will be easy to get the idea about house rent structure of the slums, getting services and facilities of the slums, distance of the services and facilities from the settlements, water supply and other utility services conditions of the slums.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v7i1.22187 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 7(1): 295-304 2014

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Environmental Conditions and Predictors of Lassa Fever Transmission in a Low Socioeconomic Community in Nigeria

International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health ◽

10.9734/ijtdh/2021/v42i130429 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 25-39

Author(s):

G. R. E. E. Ana ◽

Aniekan Eric Ulor ◽

Adedayo Faneye ◽

David Bamidele Olawade

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Rattus Rattus ◽

Lassa Fever ◽

Housing Condition ◽

Health Concern ◽

Hygiene Practice ◽

Housing Conditions ◽

Awareness Campaigns ◽

Good Hygiene

Lassa fever is of public health concern in West Africa due to its endemic nature. Housing conditions have been revealed to be important sites for primary transmission. This study assessed environmental and housing conditions of a low-income community for factors that could contribute to the transmission of Lassa fever. The study employed a cross-sectional design with a field component. Observational checklist and an interviewer-administered questionnaire were used to assess environmental conditions and respondents’ hygiene knowledge and practices respectively. Rodent traps were also placed in selected households. Data collected were analysed using SPSS Version20. 40% of the respondents had poor housing conditions, 80% had good hygiene practice while 20% had poor knowledge. Respondents with good housing condition were 1.9 times more likely to have good hygiene practice compared to houses with poor housing condition (OR= 1.941, p= 0.009). Rodents trapped from the households were Rattus rattus (43.2%), Rattus fuscipes (38.6%) and Rattus norvegicus (18.2%). Houses with most rats trapped had the poorest housing conditions and hygiene practices. The results suggest that households in the community are susceptible to the transmission of Lassa fever. Therefore, effective awareness campaigns on the transmission of Lassa fever and good hygiene and sanitation practice should be encouraged in and around the home.

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FAMILY AND LIVING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MIDDLE AGE AND THE ELDERLY IN RELATION TO THEIR HOUSING TENURE : Study on the housing condition of the low income class

Journal of Architecture Planning and Environmental Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) ◽

10.3130/aijax.421.0_95 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 421 (0) ◽

pp. 95-102

Author(s):

Yoshiko NISHIJIMA

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Middle Age ◽

The Elderly ◽

Housing Tenure ◽

Housing Condition ◽

Income Class

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Renting Poorer Housing: Ecological Relationships Between Tenure, Dwelling Condition, and Income and Housing-Sensitive Hospitalizations in a Developed Country

Health Education & Behavior ◽

10.1177/1090198120945923 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (6) ◽

pp. 816-824

Author(s):

Lucy Telfar Barnard ◽

Philippa Howden-Chapman ◽

Nevil Pierse

Keyword(s):

Health Outcomes ◽

Low Income ◽

Housing Quality ◽

Housing Condition ◽

Income Risk ◽

Data Set ◽

Developed Country ◽

Hospitalization Rates ◽

Nonsignificant Difference ◽

House Condition

Background Previous research has shown two-way associations between rental tenure, poorer housing quality, and health outcomes, but little research has looked at relative housing contributions to health outcomes. Aims We investigated whether tenure and/or dwelling condition were associated with housing-sensitive hospitalizations and whether any association differed by income. Method Using a data set of housing characteristics matched to hospitalization records, rental tenure data, and income quintiles, we modeled differences in housing-sensitive hospitalization rates by ecological-level tenure and housing condition, controlling for age-group and mean temperatures. Results There were clear associations between income, tenure, and house condition, and winter-associated hospitalization risk. In the adjusted model, the largest risk differences were associated with neighborhoods with low income (risk ratio [ RR] = 1.48) and high rental tenure ( RR = 1.41). There was a nonsignificant difference for housing condition ( RR = 1.04). Discussion Rental tenure and poor housing condition were risks for housing-sensitive hospitalization, but the association with income was stronger. Higher income households may be better able to offset quality and tenure-related health risks. This research illustrates the inverse housing law: Those most vulnerable, with most need for good-quality housing, are least likely to have it. Income inequity is inbuilt in tenure, quality, and health burden relationships. Conclusion These findings suggest that measures to address health inequities should include improvements to both tenure security and housing quality, particularly in low-income areas. However, policymakers aiming to reduce overall hospitalization rates should focus their efforts on reducing fuel poverty and improving the affordability of quality housing.

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A View of the Lexical–Grammatical Link in Young Latinos With Specific Language Impairment Using Language-Specific and Conceptual Measures

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/2019_jslhr-l-18-0315 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 62 (6) ◽

pp. 1775-1786 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lucía I. Méndez ◽

Gabriela Simon-Cereijido

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Language Impairment ◽

Specific Language Impairment ◽

L2 Acquisition ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Specific Language ◽

Vocabulary Skills ◽

In The Beginning ◽

Study Participants ◽

L1 And L2

Purpose This study investigated the nature of the association of lexical–grammatical abilities within and across languages in Latino dual language learners (DLLs) with specific language impairment (SLI) using language-specific and bilingual measures. Method Seventy-four Spanish/English–speaking preschoolers with SLI from preschools serving low-income households participated in the study. Participants had stronger skills in Spanish (first language [L1]) and were in the initial stages of learning English (second language [L2]). The children's lexical, semantic, and grammar abilities were assessed using normative and researcher-developed tools in English and Spanish. Hierarchical linear regressions of cross-sectional data were conducted using measures of sentence repetition tasks, language-specific vocabulary, and conceptual bilingual lexical and semantic abilities in Spanish and English. Results Results indicate that language-specific vocabulary abilities support the development of grammar in L1 and L2 in this population. L1 vocabulary also contributes to L2 grammar above and beyond the contribution of L2 vocabulary skills. However, the cross-linguistic association between vocabulary in L2 and grammar skills in the stronger or more proficient language (L1) is not observed. In addition, conceptual vocabulary significantly supported grammar in L2, whereas bilingual semantic skills supported L1 grammar. Conclusions Our findings reveal that the same language-specific vocabulary abilities drive grammar development in L1 and L2 in DLLs with SLI. In the early stages of L2 acquisition, vocabulary skills in L1 also seem to contribute to grammar skills in L2 in this population. Thus, it is critical to support vocabulary development in both L1 and L2 in DLLs with SLI, particularly in the beginning stages of L2 acquisition. Clinical and educational implications are discussed.

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