The Role of Conflicts of Interests

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-80
Author(s):  
George J. Staubus
Keyword(s):  
Conflicts Of Interests

Conflict of interests as a problem of evidence-based medicine

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-307
Author(s):  
Mariyam R. Arpent’eva
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Professional Ethics ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Conflicts Of Interests ◽  
Medical Assistance ◽  
Conflict Of Interests ◽  
Based Medicine

The role of ideology (principles) of evidence-based medicine in prophylaxis and correction of conflict of interests in various spheres of medicine and socio-medical assistance is considered. Professional ethics formed in the course of education and undergoing modification under conditions of real practical work is a main sphere of medical and related edological practices associated with conflicts of interests. Of special importance are principles of bioethics based on the requirements of evidence-based medicine. The role of evidence-based medicine in prophylaxis and resolution of conflicts of interests is related to the training and re-training of specialists, prevention and correction of their professional degradation and deformation in the course of practical clinical work. Analysis of primary and secondary motives underlying occupational out. activities and their role in the formation of the conflict of interests was carried

scholarly journals اسلامی بین الاقوامی قانون کا تحقیقی مطالعہ اور اس میدان میں ڈاکٹر محمود احمد غازی کے نظریات کا جائزہ

Al-Duhaa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-24
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iqbal Kurvi ◽  
Nazakat Ali Rajpoot
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Conflicts Of Interests ◽  
Valuable Contribution ◽  
The World ◽  
Social Animals ◽  
Considerable Work ◽  
Technological World

Humans are social animals and, hence, want to live in close association with their fellow beings. But conflicts of interests are inevitable which lead to altercations. The same holds true for countries of the world; conflicts, if left unresolved, may lead to cold wars and armed battles. Since a war causes damage to the triumphant opponent too, it is always preferable to avoid it. Here comes the need and role of International Law. The principles, rules and regulations employed for resolution of conflicts are collectively called International Law. Islam, too, has defined principles and a code of conduct for dealing with nations of the world. Referred to as ‘Islamic International Law’, it has always been in practice and a lot of literature has been written on it in the second and third centuries. But we do not find considerable work on the interpretation and elaboration of Islamic International Law in the backdrop of the modern, developed and technological world. However, Dr. mehmood ahmed ghazi, a great contemporary researcher, historian and jurist, has made valuable contribution in this field. This article discusses the same.

scholarly journals DIRITTO E TECNOLOGIA

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerio Onida
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Fundamental Difference ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
Conflicts Of Interests ◽  
The Face

The intervention starts from the observation that technology is a tool for the transformation of reality that is itself “neutral”, i.e. usable for different and even opposite purposes, while law is a tool to orient, to condition and to govern human behaviours in relation to social ends, that is to say, what is right or better for society. Hence the intrinsic “finalism” of law, and the fundamental difference between the “power” of technology and the juridical power that is exercised for social purposes and to settle conflicts of interests between individuals and between communities. It then examines the potential and limitations of the use of computer techniques to perform legal acts; the new role of law in the face of the growth of technological “powers” of data collection and use; the demand to adapt the regulation of relationships between individuals (such as labour relationships) in the face of technological changes in reality; the problems of “relocation” of the law related to the development of the Internet; the new demands to legal powers to regulate phenomena such as the genetic manipulation of the human being and the use of artificial intelligence, with a view to safeguarding the essence of being “human”.

scholarly journals DIRITTO E TECNOLOGIA

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerio Onida
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Fundamental Difference ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
Conflicts Of Interests ◽  
The Face

The intervention starts from the observation that technology is a tool for the transformation of reality that is itself “neutral”, i.e. usable for different and even opposite purposes, while law is a tool to orient, to condition and to govern human behaviours in relation to social ends, that is to say, what is right or better for society. Hence the intrinsic “finalism” of law, and the fundamental difference between the “power” of technology and the juridical power that is exercised for social purposes and to settle conflicts of interests between individuals and between communities. It then examines the potential and limitations of the use of computer techniques to perform legal acts; the new role of law in the face of the growth of technological “powers” of data collection and use; the demand to adapt the regulation of relationships between individuals (such as labour relationships) in the face of technological changes in reality; the problems of “relocation” of the law related to the development of the Internet; the new demands to legal powers to regulate phenomena such as the genetic manipulation of the human being and the use of artificial intelligence, with a view to safeguarding the essence of being “human”.

scholarly journals Contested landscapes: Conflicts of interests and controversies in planning and using space

Spatium ◽  
2013 ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Balestrieri
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Economic Gain ◽  
Conflicts Of Interests ◽  
Use Of Space ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

This paper sets out to explore the relationship between planning and conflict in the use of space, and to reflect on the ideas underpinning transformations of the territory, beginning with the relations existing between projects and policies, since planning decisions are a statement of something more than just organizational projects for space. In an urban realm where the market increasingly swallows up space, contributing to shaping form and functions according to a profit-based logic, battles are sometimes waged to defend public goods. The paper deals with the case of two areas at the center of controversies and disputes related to divergent interests, which spring from totally different points of view on space and the role of the assets shaping the landscape. The contrast is illustrated between the logics of a market based on the pursuit of economic gain to the detriment of social construction, and the right to a collective heritage, with the aim of asserting the need and possibility to go beyond the logics of individualism in planning.

10. Clinical Research

Medical Law ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 506-572
Author(s):  
Emily Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Research Participation ◽  
Ethics Committees ◽  
Publication Ethics ◽  
Conflicts Of Interests ◽  
Ethical Codes ◽  
Participation In Research ◽  
Academic Debate

All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter first summarizes the rules governing experiments on animals and explains the meaning of ‘research’. It then examines: international ethical codes and the UK’s regulatory system; the role of ethics committees in authorizing and monitoring research; whether the benefits and burdens of research participation are evenly distributed; conflicts of interests and publication ethics; and compensation for injuries sustained as a result of participation in research.

The Role of Conflicts of Interests

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-80
Author(s):  
George J. Staubus
Keyword(s):  
Conflicts Of Interests

scholarly journals “Security trap” as a challenge for Syria’s post-conflict reconstruction

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-25
Author(s):  
I. A. Matveev
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Conflicts Of Interests ◽  
Local Elite ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Analytical Work ◽  
Desert Areas ◽  
The Government ◽  
External Actors

The present article is dedicated to comprehensive analysis of business-risks in Syria in the security sphere (the author named it as “security trap”). Among them are the seats of combat activities between the government forces and the opposition, contradictions between the central government and local elite, rise in criminality among former combatants, traumatized by war, “urban” terrorism, stepped up activity on the part of ISIS militants in desert areas and not in the last measure the conflicts of interests among external actors. This topic seems to be quite new for scientific research in Russia and abroad since most analytical work has been previously focused on impacts of security in military political and social spheres rather than in the economic one. Such approach would allow us to make a conclusion that business risks alongside other difficulties such as territorial fragmentation, economy lying in ruins, sanctions, crisis in neighboring Lebanon, COVID-19 pandemic are hampering the revival of businesslike life. This is important and useful for constructing hierarchy of external and internal challenges for Syria’s post-conflict reconstruction, including the stabilizing role of Russia. The author has used empirical materials gathered during the term of his diplomatic service at the Russian Embassy in Damascus (in 2014–2017) along with his subsequent regular visits to Syria.

scholarly journals The financial services industry and society

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (43) ◽  
pp. 168-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel Murray ◽  
Ajay K. Manrai ◽  
Lalita Ajay Manrai
Keyword(s):  
Moral Hazard ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Financial Services Industry ◽  
Conflicts Of Interests ◽  
2008 Financial Crisis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Services Industry ◽  
The 2008 Financial Crisis

Purpose This paper aims to present an analysis of the role of financial incentives, moral hazard and conflicts of interests leading up to the 2008 financial crisis. Design/methodology/approach The study’s analysis has identified common structural flaws throughout the securitization food chain. These structural flaws include inappropriate incentives, the absence of punishment, moral hazard and conflicts of interest. This research sees the full impact of these structural flaws when considering their co-occurrence throughout the financial system. The authors address systemic defects in the securitization food chain and examine the inter-relationships among homeowners, mortgage originators, investment banks and investors. The authors also address the role of exogenous factors, including the SEC, AIG, the credit rating agencies, Congress, business academia and the business media. Findings The study argues that the lack of criminal prosecutions of key financial executives has been a key factor in creating moral hazard. Eight years after the Great Recession ended in the USA, the financial services industry continues to suffer from a crisis of trust with society. Practical implications An overwhelming majority of Americans, 89 per cent, believe that the federal government does a poor job of regulating the financial services industry (Puzzanghera, 2014). A study argues that the current corporate lobbying framework undermines societal expectations of political equality and consent (Alzola, 2013). The authors believe the Singapore model may be a useful starting point to restructure regulatory agencies so that they are more responsive to societal concerns and less responsive to special interests. Finally, the widespread perception is that the financial services sector, in particular, is ethically challenged (Ferguson, 2012); perhaps there would be some benefit from the implementation of ethical climate monitoring in firms that have been subject to deferred prosecution agreements for serious ethical violations (Arnaud, 2010). Originality/value The authors believe the paper makes a truly original contribution. They provide new insights via their analysis of the role of financial incentives, moral hazard and conflicts of interests leading up to the 2008 financial crisis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document