Literary Criticism and Literary Theories

Author(s):  
Gleb Struve
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1106
Author(s):  
Yi Long ◽  
Gaofeng Yu

Intertextuality theory is one of the most complicated literary theories in contemporary literary criticism; it has inherent connections with translation. According to intertextuality theory, translation is a type of transforming activity intertextualized with language, text, culture and thinking, etc. Any translated text is a tissue in an immense network of complex, where the significance of each text unfolds through referring to each other. In some degree, intertextuality theory breaks the traditional idea of translation, and has great enlightenment on translation in many aspects.


2005 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 992-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grégoire Mallard

Drawing insights from the ethnographies in the natural sciences, which have focused on the role of technical instruments in laboratory practices, this article asks, “What role do technical instruments play in the humanities?” Editions of La Comédie humaine, written by Honoré de Balzac, are taken as a case study. Primarily based on ethnographic research with Balzac scholars, this article traces the evolution of Balzac's text from a unified and unadorned text in the 1930s, to a single annotated text in the critical edition of the 1970s, and to a searchable electronic format of different versions. The author shows that the different schools of interpretation in Balzac criticism (traditional, semioticians, socio-critics) constructed these diverse editing technologies to influence the evolution of literary theories. For instance, traditional scholars' theory of authorship entertains en elective affinity with the critical edition of La Comédie humaine. Sociocritics challenged its assumptions and constructed electronic editions to develop their own theories, particularly on the genesis and reception of Balzac's texts. By focusing on the epistemic cultures in which research practices are embedded, this case study complements purely institutionalist perspectives on knowledge-production in the academic field and highlights the presence of diverse epistemic cultures in literary criticism.


Author(s):  
Chinedu Nwadike ◽  
Chibuzo Onunkwo

Literary theories have arisen to address some perceived needs in the critical appreciation of literature but flipside theory is a novelty that fills a gap in literary theory. By means of a critical look at some literary theories particularly Formalism, Marxism, structuralism, post-structuralism, psychoanalysis, and feminism but also Queer theory, New Criticism, New Historicism, postcolonialism, and reader-response, this essay establishes that a gap exists, which is the lack of a literary theory that laser-focuses on depictions of victims of social existence (people who simply for reasons of where and when they are born, where they reside and other unforeseen circumstances are pushed to the margins). Flipside criticism investigates whether such people are depicted as main characters in works of literature, and if so, how they impact society in very decisive ways such as causing the rise or fall of some important people, groups or social dynamics while still characterized as flipside society rather than developed to flipview society. While flipside literary criticism can be done on any work of literature, only works that distinctively provide this kind of plot can lay claim to being flipside works. This essay also distinguishes flipside theory from others that multitask such as Marxism, which explores the economy and class conflict between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie, and feminism, which explores depictions of women (the rich and the poor alike) and issues of sex and gender. In addition, flipside theory underscores the point that society is equally constituted by both flipview society and flipside society like two sides of a coin.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Muhammad Bayu Aji Putra Harianto

This study aims to describe the crisis of adolescents in the main character in Ahmad Fuadi's The Land of Five Towers. This research shows the adolescence crises that occurred on the main character in the novel The Land of Five Towers and the efforts made by the main character to overcome the adolescence crises. This research is categorized into literary criticism. The objective is to analyze a literary work using literary theories. The object of this study is novel The Land of Five Towers by Ahmad Fuadi. This research focuses on adolescence crises that occur in the main character psychosocially. The researcher uses the theory of psychosocial development by Erik H. Erikson but focus only on the adolescence stage. The data in this study are taken from quotes in the novel in the form of author's explanation of the main character and dialogue between characters. The results showed the following things. First, the form of adolescent crisis experienced by the main character, Alif, in the form of an identity crisis and role confusion. The identity crisis experienced by Alif is shown by finding a different personality with others, the emergence of feelings of doubt and worry, and the emergence of feelings of jealousy and envy. While role confusion experienced by Alif was shown by low self-esteem when dealing with people who were different from him, feeling confusion to adjust to be accepted by society or community, and feeling confused when he wanted to determine or give his role in a society. or community. Second, the efforts made by Alif in overcoming the adolescent crisis are diverse. In overcoming his identity crisis, Alif motivated himself, being optimistic, and showing his identity. Then Alif's efforts in overcoming role confusion are by accepting his identity and the environmental situation, accepting the role given by others, and accepting messages or advice of others. These efforts are obtained from within themselves and the support of others.


CounterText ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Callus

In this essay Ivan Callus provides some reflections on literature in the present. He considers the tenability of the post-literary label and looks at works that might be posited as having some degree of countertextual affinity. The essay, while not setting itself up as a creative piece, deliberately structures itself unconventionally. It frames its argument within twenty-one sections that are self-contained but that also echo each other in their attempt to develop an overarching argument which draws out some of the challenges that lie before the countertextual and the post-literary. Punctuating the essay and contributing to its unconventional take on the practice of literary criticism is a series of exercises for the reader to complete, if so wished; the essay makes no attempt, however, to suggest that a countertextual criticism ought to make a routine of such devices. The separate sections contain reflections on a number of texts and writers, among them, and in order of appearance, Hamlet, Anthony Trollope, Jacques Derrida, The Time Machine, Don Quixote, Mark Z. Danielewski, Mark B. N. Hansen, Gunter Kress, Scott's Reliquiae Trotcosienses, W. B. Yeats, Kate Tempest, David Jones, Anne Michaels, Bernice Eisenstein, Paul Auster, J. M. Coetzee, Billy Collins, Deidre Shauna Lynch, Tim Parks, Tom McCarthy – and Hamlet again. The essay's length fulfils a performative function but also facilitates as extensive a catalogue of aspects of the countertextual in literature and elsewhere as is feasible or as might be dared at this stage.


2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-557
Author(s):  
Daniel Haines

While Deleuze and Guattari's passion for certain literature is well known, the nature of a ‘Deleuzian’ literary criticism remains an open question. However, most critics appear to agree that Deleuze and Guattari's comments on meaning and interpretation offer an ontological alternative to the textual focus of deconstruction. Through an interrogation of the difficult style of their books in relation to Plato, Nietzsche and Derrida, this paper offers a different reading of Deleuze and Guattari in relation to literary criticism. Despite appearances, transcendental empiricism and the project of ‘overturning Platonism’ provide a Deleuzian theory of reading that attends to textuality.


Author(s):  
renée c. hoogland

Considered odd, obscene, a genius nonetheless, at the time she created her best-known works, French photographer and writer Claude Cahun (1894-1950) cuts a particularly unruly figure in literary criticism and art history. Her recalcitrant faux autobiography Aveux non avenus, [Disavowals, or, Cancelled Confessions] (1930), a book of essays and recorded dreams illustrated with photomontages, have encouraged the artist’s association with High Modernism and Surrealism while her photographic self-portraits have been claimed for an affirmative (feminist) gender politics. However, the proliferous and mercurial nature of Cahun’s disavowed confessions and self-stagings defy easy “domestication.” Instead she constructs a continuously shifting configuration of fragments and collages: assemblages of singularities that are always in a multiplicity, in a pack. Escaping dominant forms of expression, Cahun’s work has nothing to do with recognition or imitation, nor does it constitute a relation of representation. The chapter argues instead that Cahun presents us in both her writing and in her photographic work with the successful experience of becoming in the absence of any final term or form. A becoming-animal that moves beyond destruction into the zone of indiscernibility where a work, or, perhaps, an oeuvre comes into view—an oeuvre that nonetheless remains decidedly outlandish.


2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-356
Author(s):  
Ben Knights

The images of the writer as exile and outlaw were central to modernism's cultural positioning. As the Scrutiny circle's ‘literary criticism’ became the dominant way of reading in the University English departments and then in the grammar-schools, it took over these outsider images as models for the apprentice-critic. English pedagogy offered students not only an approach to texts, but an implicit identity and affective stance, which combined alert resistance to the pervasive effects of mechanised society with a rhetoric of emotional ‘maturity’, belied by a chilly judgementalism and gender anxiety. In exchanges over the close reading of intransigent, difficult texts, criticism's seminars sought a stimulus to develop the emotional autonomy of its participants against the ‘stock response’ promulgated by industrial capitalism. But refusal to reflect on its own method meant such pedagogy remained unconscious of the imitative pressures that its own reading was placing on its participants.


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