Desperately Seeking Justice in Okky Madasari’s Bound

Resistance is often performed by marginal people as the response to the situation that is not benefitted them. Bound is a novel by Okky Madasari, which talks about marginal people’s resistance to injustice and their desperate struggle for humanity and decent life. The characters in this novel show the struggle for freedom and their resistance to the repressing power. The issue of resistance and the struggle against injustice is well explored for the readers to get the picture of what they feel and struggle for. This paper discusses the persistence of the characters’ resistance in the novel. This study aims to describe the resistance performed by some characters in the novel by applying the concept of resistance by James Scott (1985), elaborating the form of open resistance and closed resistance. This study indicates two forms of resistance in the novel, namely open resistance and closed resistance. Some characters in this novel, Cak Man, Sasana, and Jaka held an open resistance in the form of demonstration against the factory employer. Jaka, Sasana, and female workers are among the people who did resistance against the dominant group. The closed resistance is carried out by several characters in this novel, like Sasana's parents, who cried and cursed when Sasana was tortured by his friends and the perpetrators could not be brought into court because of their fathers’ position as the general and government officials.

Posthumanisme Pembelajaran Sastra Alternatif

Posthumanisme pembelajaran sastra alternatif, menurut hemat saya telah saatnya mewarnai jurnal-jurnal pembelajaran sastra. Selama ini, jurnal-jurnal pembelajaran sastra seolah-olah miskin gagasan, sehingga beberapa artikel kurang menyentuh novelty. Sejak tahun 2005, saya telah menulis buku berjudul Metode dan Teori Pengajaran Sastra, memuat berbagai alternatif belajar sastra. Namun, setelah berjalan 15 tahunan ini, cuitan buku ini belum banyak terasa. Para pengajar sastra belum banyak menelorkan inovasi melalui artikel-artikel jurnal.

Dominant Anthropocentrism in the Representations of Nature in Jakarta Post “Destinations” Travel Articles

Travel, travel writing, and tourism industry are today inseparable although travelers are noted to try to distance themselves from tourists. Seen in the critical context of the potential harms caused by tourism, travel article (a sub-genre of travel writing commonly published in mass media) might contribute in one way or another. Therefore, a study on this sub-genre is important to gain a better insight of the degree of its participation in the potentially harmful impact of tourism. This essay covers a study on travel articles from the “Destinations” section of The Jakarta Post between September to December 2017. The articles are analyzed for words, sentences, or passages that in one way or another represent to nature. The purpose of this study is to explore and explain how tourism articles represent nature. By extension, I hope to demonstrate how today’s travel articles might contribute to the potentially damaging impact of tourism on nature. Throughout the research, I discovered that there are seven ways in which writers represent nature in the studied texts. These ways include representations that focus on 1) spirituality, 2) visual beauty, 3) celebration of popular culture, 4) social media presence, 5) mental rejuvenation, 6) prudent treatment of nature, and 7) concern for preservation. Further analysis on these seven ways of representation led to three tendencies in the representation of nature in the twenty articles, i.e. full anthropocentrism (which covers the first five ways of representation), thoughtful anthropocentrism (the sixth way of representation), and relative ecocentrism (the last type of representation). The unbalanced percentage of representations of nature in the first category appears to support the critical opinion of tourism. Therefore, I argue through the analysis that tourism writing contributes despite relatively small to the imminent threat of tourism industry on natural preservation.

Makananku adalah Identitasku: Pembacaan Gastrokritik Sastra dalam Novel Aruna dan Lidahnya Karya Laksmi Pamuntjak

Aruna dan Lidahnya adalah salah satu novel yang kental muatan pengetahuan, pengalaman, serta laku gastronomi. Makanan menjadi penggerak cerita, mendefinisikan profil bahkan identitas para karakter tokoh ceritanya. Penelitian ini berfokus pada bagaimana makanan mendeskripsikan identitas tokoh utama cerita dalam novel Aruna dan Lidahnya. Penelitian ini memanfaatkan metode kualitatif dengan pembacaan gastrokritik untuk menganalisis bagaimana makanan hadir untuk mendeskrpsikan bahkan mewakili identitas tokoh cerita. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan tokoh utama mengidentifikasi diri sebagai warga dunia yang mudah beradaptasi dengan siapapun dan dalam keragaman budaya apapun, tetapi masih tidak bisa menanggalkan lapis diri sebagai manusia Indonesia yang terikat kuatdengan selera makanan lokal.

Jejak-Jejak Negativitas dalam Antologi Nausea Kota Dalam Telepon Genggam Karya Irawan Sandhya Wiraatmaja

Puisi-puisi Irawan Sandhya Wiraatmaja dalam antologi Nausea Kota dalam Telepon Genggam (2020) menunjukkan jejak-jejak negativitas yang sangat jelas. Hal ini mengundang peneliti untuk merunut dan mengungkap jejak-jejak tersebut. Teori yang digunakan untuk mengkaji antologi puisi ini adalah Teori Negativitas yang dikembangkan oleh Theodor W. Adorno, sebuah teori kritis yang mengeritik kontradiksi-kontradiksi di dalam masyarakat modern, termasuk aspek-aspek keseniannya. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode pembacaan inklusio, sebuah metode tafsir yang mengkaji puisi pertama dan terakhir, dan menganggap bahwa puisi-puisi in between mendukung tema yang dikembangkan pada puisi pertama dan terakhir. Melalui teori dan metode ini, penulis mengungkap tiga hal, yakni: (1) peran penulis dan pembaca sastra; (2) manusia boneka versus keabadian; dan (3) dunia kepenyairan kita yang begitu muram. Hasil kajian ini membuktikan adanya jejak-jejak negativitas di dalam antologi puisi Nausea Kota Dalam Telepon Genggam. Irawan Sandhya Wiraatmaja adalah salah satu penyair besar Indonesia yang mengawali puisi-puisi negativitas di tanah air

Pembelajaran Sastra melalui Cerita Bergambar Cerita Rakyat sebagai Upaya Penanaman Etika Siswa SD

In literature learning especially oral learning, many teachers do not explore local folklore yet. Usually they used folklore from the other region which is well known, but the messages of value and ethics are not explored yet. Investment of ethical values to elementary school students is required. Interesting media should be used to implant ethics in elementary school students to make the learning process enjoyable. The subjects of the research are elementary school students and teachers, society leaders, village elders caretaker, and people of Boyolangu and Sendang districts, Tulungagung. Qualitative research is applied in this research. The results show that in Boyolangu and Sendang districts there were found 25 folklores consisting of 13 stories containing ethical value. They are the story of “Mbok Rondho Pendhadhapan”, “Terjadinya Dusun Glodhogan”, “Asal Usul Kesenian Tiban”, “Mbah Semare”, “Harimau Gembong”, “Terjadinya atau Lahirnya Angling Darmo”, “Joko Bodho”, “Astono Gedhong”, “Kera Ngujang”, “Roro Kembang Sore”, “Syeh Basarudin”, “Candi Omben Jago”, and “Punden Setono Badhong”. The stories have the ethical values, like friendliness, harmonius, cooperativeness, unity and integrity, strength, self-sacrificing.

Unsur Genius Lokal Sebagai Aspek Pemerkaya Bahasa dan Sastra Melayu/ Indonesia

Bahasa Melayu telah berkembang menjadi bahasa yang besar dengan penutur mencapai ratusan juta. Bahasa tersebut telah menjadi bahasa resmi beberapa negara, di antaranya disebut sebagai Bahasa Indonesia. Bahasa Melayu dirasakan sebagai bahasa yang akrab dengan mereka karena adanya unsur-unsur yang genius lokal yang terserap ke dalam bahasa tersebut. Salah satu unsur genius lokal yang disadap bahasa dan sastra Melayu adalah unsur wayang yang diperkirakan berasal dari Jawa. Wayang di dalam tradisi Jawa merupakan unsur genius lokal yang telah mengalami perjalanan yang panjang. Wayang juga memasuki dunia Melayu di berbagai kantong-kantong masyarakat Melayu; Semenanjung Malaka (Malaysia), Banjar (Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesia), dan Jakarta (Indonesia). Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menggali wayang sebagai bentuk genius lokal yang telah memberi sumbangan besar dalam memperkaya bahasa Melayu. Sumbangan pertama adalah sumbangan dalam bentuk kosa kata yang berasal dari bahasa Jawa, baik bahasa Jawa Kuna maupun bahasa Jawa baru. Kedua, dalam bidang sastra dengan munculnya karya-karya sastra yang disebut sebagai genre cerita wayang, sehingga terlahir karya-karya akulturasi seperti Hikayat Sempurna Jaya, Hikayat Agung Sakti, Hikayat Wayang Arjuna yang mengambil tokoh-tokoh wayang, tetapi disajikan dengan cita rasa Melayu Betawi yang tidak ditemukan di sumber aslinya. Ketiga, cerita wayang juga menjadi sumber inspirasi dari berbagai bentuk karya sastra masterpiece seperti Nyanyi Sunyi karya Amir Hamzah, Perahu Kertas karya Sapardi Djoko Damono, dan sebagainya

Rwandan Genocide Conflict Represented in the Novel “Led by Faith”

This study discusses the ethnic conflict in the Rwandan genocide in the novel Led by Faith: Rising from The Ashes of Rwandan Genocide written by Immaculée Ilibagiza. The novel is set in Rwanda, the country that was known as the place of the fastest killing in the world history, within 100 days killed more than 800.000 people. This novel is based on the author’s experience in surviving from the Rwandan genocide. Therefore, it is interesting to discuss how the author represented the genocide in the novel. This study applied conflict theory by Dahrendorf which focus on four aspect: Two aspects of society (conflict and consensus), power and authority, the groups involved in the conflict, and conflict and social change. The data are taken from the novel Led by Faith by using descriptive analysis techniques. The study reveals that the conflict between Hutu and Tutsi ethnics was represented as the power dynamics among the authorities. The conflict influenced the social change and social structure of the Rwandan society.

Alif’s Adolescence Crises in Ahmad Fuadi’s The Land of Five Towers

This study aims to describe the crisis of adolescents in the main character in Ahmad Fuadi's The Land of Five Towers. This research shows the adolescence crises that occurred on the main character in the novel The Land of Five Towers and the efforts made by the main character to overcome the adolescence crises. This research is categorized into literary criticism. The objective is to analyze a literary work using literary theories. The object of this study is novel The Land of Five Towers by Ahmad Fuadi. This research focuses on adolescence crises that occur in the main character psychosocially. The researcher uses the theory of psychosocial development by Erik H. Erikson but focus only on the adolescence stage. The data in this study are taken from quotes in the novel in the form of author's explanation of the main character and dialogue between characters. The results showed the following things. First, the form of adolescent crisis experienced by the main character, Alif, in the form of an identity crisis and role confusion. The identity crisis experienced by Alif is shown by finding a different personality with others, the emergence of feelings of doubt and worry, and the emergence of feelings of jealousy and envy. While role confusion experienced by Alif was shown by low self-esteem when dealing with people who were different from him, feeling confusion to adjust to be accepted by society or community, and feeling confused when he wanted to determine or give his role in a society. or community. Second, the efforts made by Alif in overcoming the adolescent crisis are diverse. In overcoming his identity crisis, Alif motivated himself, being optimistic, and showing his identity. Then Alif's efforts in overcoming role confusion are by accepting his identity and the environmental situation, accepting the role given by others, and accepting messages or advice of others. These efforts are obtained from within themselves and the support of others.

Pembelajaran Menulis Syair Bertema Alam Lingkungan Sekolah pada Kelas VII SMP Negeri 3 Malang

Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di jenjang sekolah menengah pertama (SMP) tidak terlepas dari sastra. Pembelajaran menulis syair merupakan materi pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di SMP Negeri 3 Malang pada kelas VII semester genap. Pembelajaran menulis syair di SMP Negeri 3 Malang menjadi pembelajaran yang kreatif dan menyenangkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tahap-tahap pembelajaran menulis syair bertema lingkungan alam sekolah pada kelas VII SMP Negeri 3 Malang. Jenis penelitian ini ialah deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data pada penelitian ini berupa hasil wawancara dengan guru dan hasil observasi pelaksanaan pembelajaran menulis syair. Subjek yang diteliti yaitu guru bahasa Indonesia dan siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 3 Malang. Data penelitian berupa hasil wawancara dengan guru dan hasil menulis syair peserta didik. Prosedur pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini diantaranya observasi, studi dokumenter, dan wawancara. Analisis data pada penelitian ini yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan kesimpulan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah (1) Tahap Persiapan Pembelajaran Menulis Syair Bertema Alam Lingkungan Sekolah pada Kelas VII SMP Negeri 3 Malang berisikan tahap persiapan, tahap inti, dan tahap penutup, (2) Tahap Penutup Pembelajaran Menulis Syair Bertema Alam Lingkungan Sekolah Pada Kelas VII SMP Negeri 3 Malang berisikan evaluasi dan penugasan di rumah.