Opening Up The Earth

2017 ◽  
pp. 129-162
Author(s):  
Wilber J. Scott
Keyword(s):  
The Earth ◽  
Opening Up

scholarly journals Evo-devo and accounting for Darwin's endless forms

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 (1574) ◽  
pp. 2069-2075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Brakefield
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Common Ancestry ◽  
Developmental Constraints ◽  
Evolutionary Diversification ◽  
New Genes ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Regulatory Machinery ◽  
Evo Devo ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
Trait Space

Evo-devo has led to dramatic advances in our understanding of how the processes of development can contribute to explaining patterns of evolutionary diversification that underlie the endless forms of animal life on the Earth. This is increasingly the case not only for the origins of evolutionary novelties that permit new functions and open up new adaptive zones, but also for the processes of evolutionary tinkering that occur within the subsequent radiations of related species. Evo-devo has time and again yielded spectacular examples of Darwin's notions of common ancestry and of descent with modification. It has also shown that the evolution of endless forms is more about the evolution of the regulatory machinery of ancient genes than the origin and elaboration of new genes. Evolvability, especially with respect to the capacity of a developmental system to evolve and to generate the variation in form for natural selection to screen, has become a pivotal focus of evo-devo. As a consequence, a balancing of the concept of endless forms in morphospace with a greater awareness of the potential for developmental constraints and bias is becoming more general. The prospect of parallel horizons opening up for the evolution of behaviour is exciting; in particular, does Sean Carroll's phrase referring to old genes learning new tricks in the evolution of endless forms apply equally as well to patterns of diversity and disparity in behavioural trait-space?

scholarly journals Problematizing the Global: An Introduction to Global Culture Revisited

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 157-167
Author(s):  
Mike Featherstone
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
Special Section ◽  
World Order ◽  
New World Order ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Global Knowledge ◽  
Global Culture ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Opening Up

This paper serves as an introduction to the special section on Global Culture Revisited which commemorates the 30th anniversary of the publication of the 1990 Global Culture special issue. It examines the development of interest in the various strands of globalization and the question of whether there can be a global culture. The paper discusses the emergence of alternative global histories and the problematization of global knowledge. It examines the view that the current Covid-19 pandemic signals a turning point, or change of epoch, that marks the end of peak globalization (Gray, Mignolo). The paper also discusses the view that global was always a limited cartographic term which failed to adequately grasp our terrestrial location on the earth (Latour). Currently, there is considerable speculation about the emergent politics of a new world order, with civilizational states set alongside nation-states, opening up an epoch of greater pluriversality, and at the same time greater uncertainty.

Exterranean

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip John Usher
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Environmental Humanities ◽  
Bruno Latour ◽  
Michel Serres ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Ecological Thought ◽  
Opening Up

Exterranean is a book about the extraction of stuff from the Earth, a process in which matter goes from being sub to exterranean. By opening up a rich archive of specifically nonmodern texts and images, this work offers a bracing riposte to several critical trends in ecological thought. Eschewing the self-congratulatory claims of posthumanism, instead engineering conceptual clashes between the materially situated homo of nonmodern humanism and the abstract and aggregated anthropos of the Anthropocene, arguing against the omnipresence of Earthrise-like globes in attempts to think at planetary scales, and shifting emphasis from emission to extraction, this book pleads for an alertness to the material and immaterial connections between the Earth from which we extract, the human and nonhuman agents of extraction, and the extracted matter with which we live daily. Divided into three sections (“Terra Global Circus,” “Welcome to Mineland,” and “Hiding in Exterranean Matter”), each of which approaches this entanglement from a different perspective, this book gives shape to a sense of the exterranean via readings of authors from France, Germany, Poland, and elsewhere as well as via discussion of mines, objects, engravings, and architecture. In dialogue with Michel Serres, the recent thought of Bruno Latour, and the interdisciplinary turn to the Environmental Humanities more generally, both historicist and speculative in approach, Exterranean lays the groundwork for a comparative ecocriticism that reaches across and untranslates theoretical affordances between periods and languages.

The Anthropocene as kairos : the rhetorical invention of ecological consensus

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Philip Tschirhart
Keyword(s):  
Rhetorical Invention ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Commons ◽  
The University ◽  
Critical Intervention ◽  
Opening Up

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] The Anthropocene is a geological and temporal designation that represents the end of an 11,000 yearlong geological time period and marks the beginning of a new epoch characterized by humans' deleterious relationship with the earth. Although scientists are still contemplating the Anthropocene's official designation, environmental activists are increasingly appropriating the designation in ways that complicate and challenge existing environmental discourses related to nature, technology, and politics. The Anthropocene, as a rhetorical invention, works to temporalize space and give agency to the collective self-organizing processes and kairologics that make imagining human and ecological universals necessary. In other words, the Anthropocene invokes a temporal meta-consensus that constitutes new universalisms. I analyze eight manifestos that take up the Anthropocene's implications. My analysis details how these contemporary environmental manifestos negotiate the discursive hegemony of the Anthropocene's universal postulates. I detail three universalisms entangled in the Anthropocene's rhetorical invention: First, the Anthropocene constitutes a transnational and collective human subjectivity. Second, the Anthropocene posits an all-encompassing and linear progression of time. And third, the Anthropocene presumes a totalizing earthly geometry and omnipresent ecology. In contrast, the manifesto as a genre works as a constitutively particularizing media. Manifestos emerge from the margins to challenge and politicize universals by juxtaposing their particular perspective with the status quo's totalizing universalisms. In the manifestos analyzed, the Anthropocene is temporalized and eventualized as a moment of meta-consensus, a space of appearance and pre-figuration, a moment to initiate movement. The manifestos rhetorical exigence is to politicize the spatial-temporality opened by the Anthropocene. In this way, the manifestos are kairopolitical. Each manifesto produces a counter temporality, a reading that posits a critical intervention in one or more of the universal imaginaries. The disparate counter narratives of the Anthropocene offer different cuts in its linear progression of time and attempt to find spaces to escape from its totalizing geometry. A diffractive reading of the Anthropocene as a 'kairotope' (McAlister, 2010), a temporally and spatially figurative rhetoric, challenges these universals and poses the question; what does a counter-public appropriation of the Anthropocene's rhetorical invention look like? Can the Anthropocene be made to condition a space for imagining alterity and opening up the commons to more sustainable and equitable relations of living? To answer that question it is necessary to read the paratextual criticisms and challenges that circulate around the contemporary Anthropocenic manifestos analyzed. I aim to problematize the Anthropocene's appropriation without denying its implications. Rather than suggest that, as humans', we might "rhetoric our way out of it" this project affirms the Anthropocene's global ecological exigence in effort to theorize how such a challenging and conflictual consensus might postulate new relations of solidarity and sustainability that begin with the interobjective materialism of the earth itself.

scholarly journals Physics of a Spinning Object Cyclic Inversion at an Orbital Flight

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Ryspek Usubamatov ◽  
Marek Bergander
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Models ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Free Flight ◽  
Orbital Flight ◽  
Space Flights ◽  
Curvilinear Motion ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Gyroscopic Effects ◽  
Opening Up

The opening up of space flights is going on with physical discoveries. One of them was a spinning object cyclic inversion revealed on the MIR space station classified in 1985. Later, the NASA International Space Station openly showed the same effect. This physical effect was an object of stare studying by physicists and mathematicians. They developed only approximated and numerical models on the level of assumptions. The inversion of the spinning objects in the condition of free flight is the subject of gyroscope theory. The mass of the spinning object at the orbital flight generates the system of the interrelated inertial torques that results from the action of the inertial torques produced by the curvilinear motion of the object around the earth. This system of the torques acting on the spinning object at an orbital flight manifests its cyclic inversions, which is the gyroscopic effects. The theory of the gyroscopic effects describes the method of application of the system of the inertial torques, the physics of all gyroscopic effects that manifested by any rotating objects under any condition of their motions.

scholarly journals Discovering the sky at the longest wavelengths with a lunar orbit array

2020 ◽  
Vol 379 (2188) ◽  
pp. 20190566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuelei Chen ◽  
Jingye Yan ◽  
Li Deng ◽  
Fengquan Wu ◽  
Lin Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Lunar Orbit ◽  
Astronomical Observation ◽  
Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽  
Wave Band ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Radio Emissions ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Cross Correlations ◽  
Opening Up

Due to ionosphere absorption and the interference of natural and artificial radio emissions, astronomical observation from the ground becomes very difficult at the wavelengths of decametre or longer, which we shall refer to as the ultralong wavelengths. This unexplored part of the electromagnetic spectrum has the potential for great discoveries, notably in the study of cosmic dark ages and dawn, but also in heliophysics and space weather, planets and exoplanets, cosmic ray and neutrinos, pulsar and interstellar medium (ISM), extragalactic radio sources, and so on. The difficulty of the ionosphere can be overcome by space observation, and the Moon can shield the radio frequency interferences (RFIs) from the Earth. A lunar orbit array can be a practical first step to opening up the ultralong wave band. Compared with a lunar surface observatory on the far side, the lunar orbit array is simpler and more economical, as it does not need to make the risky and expensive landing, can be easily powered with solar energy, and the data can be transmitted back to the Earth when it is on the near-side part of the orbit. Here, I describe the discovering sky at the longest wavelength (DSL) project, which will consist of a mother satellite and 6–9 daughter satellites, flying on the same circular orbit around the Moon, and forming a linear interferometer array. The data are collected by the mother satellite which computes the interferometric cross-correlations (visibilities) and transmits the data back to the Earth. The whole array can be deployed on the lunar orbit with a single rocket launch. The project is under intensive study in China. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Astronomy from the Moon: the next decades’.

scholarly journals About the book “History of the Earth. From Stardust to Stardust”

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-100
Author(s):  
V. N. Komarov
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Book History ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Organic World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nutritional Strategies ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
Detailed Picture

The book gives a detailed picture of the Earth’s history. The authors describe successive changes in paleogeographic settings and their underlying reasons, changes in ocean levels and continent outlines, the processes of volcanism and basic laws of mineral formation. Particular attention is paid to the most important arogeneses of evolutionary development, which created conditions for organisms to leave their habitual environment, thus opening up new prospects for a wide ecological expansion. As nodal points in the evolution of individual groups of the organic world and landscape changes, the authors acquaint readers with the skeletal revolution, the emergence of organs of vision, the appearance of roots in plants, the formation of first soils, the emergence of vertebrates on land, the flourishing of insects, the appearance of mammals and flowering plants. Detailed information on the most interesting extinct organisms of certain periods of the Earth’s geological history is given. Their morphology, size, lifestyle, nutritional strategies and causes of extinction are considered. Of particular interest is the part devoted to the appearance and development of mankind, as well as its large-scale comprehensive impact on nature. In the final section of the book, the authors reflect on the future of our planet.

The motion of a lunar orbiter

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
Y. Kozai
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Artificial Satellite ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Triaxial Ellipsoid ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Secular Motion ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Close Satellite ◽  
The Mean

The motion of an artificial satellite around the Moon is much more complicated than that around the Earth, since the shape of the Moon is a triaxial ellipsoid and the effect of the Earth on the motion is very important even for a very close satellite.The differential equations of motion of the satellite are written in canonical form of three degrees of freedom with time depending Hamiltonian. By eliminating short-periodic terms depending on the mean longitude of the satellite and by assuming that the Earth is moving on the lunar equator, however, the equations are reduced to those of two degrees of freedom with an energy integral.Since the mean motion of the Earth around the Moon is more rapid than the secular motion of the argument of pericentre of the satellite by a factor of one order, the terms depending on the longitude of the Earth can be eliminated, and the degree of freedom is reduced to one.Then the motion can be discussed by drawing equi-energy curves in two-dimensional space. According to these figures satellites with high inclination have large possibilities of falling down to the lunar surface even if the initial eccentricities are very small.The principal properties of the motion are not changed even if plausible values ofJ3andJ4of the Moon are included.This paper has been published in Publ. astr. Soc.Japan15, 301, 1963.

Formation of Lunar Craters and Bright Rays as a Result of Meteorite Impacts

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 415-418
Author(s):  
K. P. Stanyukovich ◽  
V. A. Bronshten
Keyword(s):  
Explosive Charge ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Meteorite Impacts ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Lunar Craters ◽  
The Impact

The phenomena accompanying the impact of large meteorites on the surface of the Moon or of the Earth can be examined on the basis of the theory of explosive phenomena if we assume that, instead of an exploding meteorite moving inside the rock, we have an explosive charge (equivalent in energy), situated at a certain distance under the surface.

The Origin of the Moon

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Ruskol
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Solar System ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Origin Of The Moon

The difference between average densities of the Moon and Earth was interpreted in the preceding report by Professor H. Urey as indicating a difference in their chemical composition. Therefore, Urey assumes the Moon's formation to have taken place far away from the Earth, under conditions differing substantially from the conditions of Earth's formation. In such a case, the Earth should have captured the Moon. As is admitted by Professor Urey himself, such a capture is a very improbable event. In addition, an assumption that the “lunar” dimensions were representative of protoplanetary bodies in the entire solar system encounters great difficulties.

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