From Indian to Slave: Forced Native Labour and Colonial Society in São Paulo During the Seventeenth Century

2016 ◽  
pp. 143-166
1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muriel Nazzari

A seventeenth-century inhabitant of São Paulo once remarked that Indians were “the most profitable property in this land.” Legally, however, Indians were not property at all, for the crown explicitly prohibited their enslavement. During most of the seventeenth century, the settlers of São Paulo complied with the letter of the law and did not officially give their Indian servants any monetary value, and though they often sold them, the sales were known to be illegal and were not usually recorded in public documents, such as the documents used for this study, inventários, settlements of estates. By the end of the century, however, local judges were openly allowing the monetary appraisal of Indians and their subsequent sale was duly recorded in inventários and other court processes.


2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
LUISA TOMBINI WITTMAN

<p><strong>Resumo:</strong><strong> </strong>A análise da documentação histórica da Companhia de Jesus revela adaptações jesuíticas e traduções culturais, através da música, nas aldeias do Estado do Brasil e do Estado do Maranhão. A investigação atentará para as regras proibitivas da Companhia e para as flexibilizações ocorridas nas missões da costa e do planalto paulista, a partir da chegada dos jesuítas em 1549, e da Amazônia colonial, na segunda metade do século XVII. Busca-se, assim, reconstruir histórias de constantes negociações, na qual a música desempenha papéis plurais e os sujeitos envolvidos colocam em jogo sonoridades que se revelam indispensáveis ao contato entre ameríndios e missionários.<strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Palavras-chave:</strong> Companhia de Jesus – Indígenas – Música – Missões – América Portuguesa.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract:</strong> The analysis of the documentation of the Society of Jesus reveals adaptations and cultural translations, through music, in Jesuit Missions of Portuguese America (Brazil and the State of Maranhão). This article focuses on the prohibitive rules adopted by the Jesuits and on their adaptability within the missionary contexts of the sixteenth-century coast (and São Paulo plateau) and the seventeenth-century colonial Amazon. In sum, develops stories of constant negotiations, where music played multiple roles and where different historical agents exchanged sounds that proved to be indispensable in the contact between Amerindian peoples and European missionaries.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Society of Jesus – Indians – Music – Missions – Portuguese America.</p>


2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-133
Author(s):  
Antonio A. Arantes

The seventeenth century São Miguel Chapel, located in a working class district of São Paulo city, had been in disuse for around 10 years. In the second half of the 1970s, the body managing this listed building faced the problem of how to revitalize it given the profile of the surrounding local population. The response to this problem, grounded on an initial ethnographic survey of local cultural production, involved mobilizing a substantial number of popular artists from the city's East Zone and led to the emergence of the Popular Movement of Art. Through an account of this experience and a debate with technical staff from CONDEPHAAT, the article explores some of the issues that situate the preservation of cultural heritage within a field of conflicting interests and ideologies.


Crisis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hideki Bando ◽  
Fernando Madalena Volpe

Background: In light of the few reports from intertropical latitudes and their conflicting results, we aimed to replicate and update the investigation of seasonal patterns of suicide occurrences in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: Data relating to male and female suicides were extracted from the Mortality Information Enhancement Program (PRO-AIM), the official health statistics of the municipality of São Paulo. Seasonality was assessed by studying distribution of suicides over time using cosinor analyses. Results: There were 6,916 registered suicides (76.7% men), with an average of 39.0 ± 7.0 observed suicides per month. For the total sample and for both sexes, cosinor analysis estimated a significant seasonal pattern. For the total sample and for males suicide peaked in November (late spring) with a trough in May–June (late autumn). For females, the estimated peak occurred in January, and the trough in June–July. Conclusions: A seasonal pattern of suicides was found for both males and females, peaking in spring/summer and dipping in fall/winter. The scarcity of reports from intertropical latitudes warrants promoting more studies in this area.


2004 ◽  
Vol 83 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
SI Cubas de Almeida ◽  
CAA Angelini ◽  
PA Lima Pontes
Keyword(s):  

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