Criteria in the selection of urban trees for temperate urban environments

2017 ◽  
pp. 339-362
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environments ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals PARAMETERS OF INTEREST FOR THE DESIGN OF GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE

2019 ◽  
pp. 92-101
Author(s):  
Marija Šperac ◽  
Dino Obradović
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Land Surfaces ◽  
Selection Of

The urbanization process significantly reduced the permeability of land surfaces, which affected the changes of runoff characteristics and the relations in the hydrological cycle. In urban environments, the relationships within the hydrological cycle have changed in quantity, in particular: precipitation, air temperature, evaporation, and infiltration. By applying the green infrastructure (GI) to urban environments is beneficial for the water resources and the social community. GI has an effect on the improvement of ecological, economic, and social conditions. Using GI into urban areas increases the permeability of land surfaces, whereby decreasing surface runoff, and thus the frequency of urban floods. It also has a significant influence on the regulation of air quality, water purification, climate change impact, and the changes in the appearance of the urban environment. When planning and designing the GI, it is necessary to identify the type of GI and determine the size and location of the selected GI. Since each urban environment has its own characteristics, it is necessary to analyze them before deciding on the GI. The paper analyzed meteorological parameters (precipitation, air temperature, insolation, air humidity) affecting the selection of GI types, using the specific example of an urban environment – the City of Osijek, Croatia. Significant parameters when designing GI are operation and maintenance These parameters directly affect the efficiency of GI. The proper selection of GI and its location results in maximum gains: the reduction of land surface drainage - drainage of the sewage system, purification and retention of precipitation at the place of production, the improvement of air quality, and the improvement of living conditions in urban environments

scholarly journals Urban trees as social triggers: The case of the Ginkgo biloba specimen in Tallinn, Estonia

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 234-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riin Magnus ◽  
Heldur Sander
Keyword(s):  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Cultural Space ◽  
Cultural Ideal ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
The Ideal

Urban trees are considered to be essential and integral to urban environments, to contribute to the biodiversity of cities as well as to the well-being of their inhabitants. In addition, urban trees may also serve as living memorials, helping to remember major social eruptions and to cement continuity with the past, but also as social disruptors that can induce clashes between different ideals of culture. In this paper, we focus on a specific case, a Ginkgo biloba specimen growing at Süda Street in the centre of Tallinn, in order to demonstrate how the shifts in the meaning attributed to a non-human organism can shape cultural memory and underlie social confrontations. Integrating an ecosemiotic approach to human-non-human interactions with Juri Lotman’s approach to cultural memory and cultural space, we point out how non-human organisms can delimit cultural space at different times and how the ideal of culture is shaped by different ways of incorporating or other species in the human cultural ideal or excluding them from it.

scholarly journals Insect herbivory on urban trees: Complementary effects of tree neighbours and predation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Stemmelen ◽  
Alain Paquette ◽  
Marie-Lise Benot ◽  
Yasmine Kadiri ◽  
Hervé Jactel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Herbivory ◽  
Urban Ecosystems ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Tree Diversity ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
List Type ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Predator Attack ◽  
Peer Community ◽  
Survival Tree

AbstractInsect herbivory is an important component of forest ecosystems functioning and can affect tree growth and survival. Tree diversity is known to influence insect herbivory in natural forest, with most studies reporting a decrease in herbivory with increasing tree diversity. Urban ecosystems, on the other hand, differ in many ways from the forest ecosystem and the drivers of insect herbivory in cities are still debated.We monitored 48 urban trees from five species – three native and two exotic – in three parks of Montreal (Canada) for leaf insect herbivory and predator activity on artificial larvae, and linked herbivory with both predation and tree diversity in the vicinity of focal trees.Leaf insect herbivory decreased with increasing tree diversity and with increasing predator attack rate.Our findings indicate that tree diversity is a key determinant of multitrophic interactions between trees, herbivores and predators in urban environments and that managing tree diversity could contribute to pest control in cities.This article has been peer-reviewed and recommended by Peer Community in Ecologyhttps://doi.org/10.24072/pci.ecology.100061

Dictionary for Managing Trees in Urban Environments

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danny B Draper ◽  
Peter A Richards
Keyword(s):  
Urban Forestry ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Plain Language ◽  
Broad Application ◽  
Tree Management ◽  
Comprehensive List ◽  
Plant Sciences ◽  
Management Policies

Dictionary for Managing Trees in Urban Environments is a comprehensive list of terms used in the universal management of urban trees. Many of the terms are from arboricultural science, while others are derived from unproven but commonly applied concepts. Where the existing terminology to describe trees was limited or nonexistent, new terms have been introduced. This dictionary allows for broad application and use by a wide variety of people and conveys in plain language concepts that are sometimes complex. Most major terms have been cross referenced and diagrams have been added for greater understanding. While a number of pertinent botanical terms have been included, those readily found within dictionaries of general plant sciences and botany have been omitted. Dictionary for Managing Trees in Urban Environments promotes a greater understanding of arboriculture and urban forestry, and will assist in the preparation of reports for the management of trees, procedures and planning instruments, such as Tree Management Policies and Tree Management Orders.

scholarly journals Small wind turbines study and integration in a peri-urban microgrid

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Peña-Carro ◽  
Óscar Izquierdo-Monge ◽  
Luis Hernández-Callejo ◽  
Gonzalo Martín-Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Small Wind Turbines ◽  
Micro Power ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Wind Resource ◽  
Wind Resources ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Instantaneous Control

The use of wind resources has always gone hand in hand with high wind speeds in open fields. This paper develops the decisions to be taken for the selection, installation, and connection of small wind turbines in peri-urban environments, where wind speeds are medium or low. The guidelines are detailed throughout the document, starting with the study of the wind resource, the selection of the turbine, installation, and real-time monitoring of production for integration into a micro power grid. The installation of small wind systems in places as close as possible to the point of demand makes it possible to achieve a reduction in the cost of the electricity bill. This is thanks to the instantaneous control of generation and demand at a particular level through the installation of software, in this case, Home Assistant. The novelty of this paper is the use of this software Home Assistant to integrate of a small wind turbine in a microgrid and its control system.

scholarly journals Simple Nomographs for Assessing Lighting in Urban Environments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Tomas Sandoval-Calderon
Keyword(s):  
Energy Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Lighting Design ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Occupant Comfort ◽  
Good Energy ◽  
Selection Of

<p>Incorporating different technologies and lighting techniques in the illumination of structures has allowed us to portray fantastic night time vistas of our cities. However, the success of the selected technique or technology is frequently assessed based on what the lighting does to the overall environment. At present, it is a common practice for the client or architect to require an illuminated night view of the building. These views are often used as part of the marketing strategy to promote building facilities. Alternatively, on a large scale, they can help promote buildings as city icons.  The illumination of building facades requires an appropriate selection of one or more floodlighting techniques and light sources to achieve the desired lighting effect. This selection, often driven by lighting standards and design considerations, will heavily influence the way in which that the overall lit environment will be portrayed at the end of the lighting project. Currently, tables and floodlighting techniques exist to select the recommended quantity of light and the most suitable luminaire arrangement to illuminate a façade. There is however, no direct indication of how the surrounding area will be affected when the recommended light levels are achieved on the façade.  Despite the increased importance of the floodlighting technique, the design of a good illuminated façade does not have a tradition on which to base parameters for the lighting design. This is often individually approached based on the knowledge, understanding, experience and proficiency of the lighting designer. Considering the diversity of buildings in urban environments, the selection of uncoordinated design parameters could have a significant impact on the area where the building is located. This could affect the occupant comfort and good energy management.  In light of the considerations presented above, it is only with a methodological approach that the lighting designer will be able to provide predictable and consistent results in any number of different situations. This presents an opportunity to develop a methodology to identify whether a façade is over-lit or if the proposed lighting solution is adequate for the area where it is situated.  The proposed methodology will provide a tool to estimate the potential lighting results while considering the effect on the overall environment where the building is located. When a façade is illuminated, the degree of the light experienced at street level is very much dependent upon the reflected light from the primary lit surface. This allows for a relationship based on light levels received at the surrounding street and the average illuminance level achieved on the façade.  Considering that lighting parameters such as lamp lumen output, the reflective qualities of the surface and the luminaire position are intrinsically connected to light reflections, a mathematical expression is formulated to link the relationship mentioned above with lighting design parameters through a set of nomographs. This method provides a good foundation to systematically approach lighting designs with a comprehensive procedure to link the practical lighting considerations with the lighting requirements that will provide occupant comfort and good energy management. This method will help designers to compare different lighting alternatives by analysing the lighting impact of different lit facade options at the very early stage of the lighting design process.</p>

scholarly journals Promoting a Safe Environment in Our Cities: Towards a Theoretical Model of “Moral Deficit” for Appropriate Psychopathic Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 4968
Author(s):  
David Coldwell ◽  
Sarah Coldwell
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Classical Approach ◽  
Safe Environment ◽  
Extant Literature ◽  
Therapeutic Measures ◽  
Selection Of

The increasing reported incidents of knife crime in cities and the release on parole of “rehabilitated” violent criminals are creating an unsafe urban environment. Such occurrences suggest that measures taken to address psychopathic-oriented behaviour may have been ineffective because the individual’s degree of “moral deficit” is not fully accounted for in the application of specific therapies. This study developed a theoretical model of “moral deficit” that is aligned with the appropriateness of therapy, ranging from the extreme “classical approach” of total confinement justified by a belief in the incurability of psychopaths to the modern therapy that aims to reintegrate the psychopath with society using “moralizing therapy”. Analysis of secondary data from extant literature was used to develop the theoretical model of “moral deficit”. Secondary data analysis suggests that the extent of psychopathic “moral deficit” may be an important factor in the selection of appropriate therapeutic measures for psychopathy treatment and the rehabilitation of psychopaths as law-abiding members of society. We conclude that a specific type of psychopathic moral deficit may have an important bearing on the appropriateness of treatment. It is recommended that the treatment of psychopathy makes greater provision for the extent and type of psychopathic “moral deficit” in assessing the most appropriate applications for the treatment of psychopathy and promoting the safety of urban environments.

scholarly journals Selection of herbaceous plant assortment for park ground cover using plants of natural phytocoenosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00246
Author(s):  
Svetlana N. Shlapakova ◽  
Irina V. Beriozkina ◽  
Olga E. Hanbabayeva ◽  
Vladimir N. Sorokopudov ◽  
Yevgeniy S. Lukashov
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Landscape Architecture ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Herbaceous Species ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
Selection Of

The modern direction of landscape architecture to creation of ecological and naturalistic plant communities of perennial herbaceous species for the design of park walking routes in the style of “naturgarten” is highlighted in this paper. The principles of selection of herbaceous perennials developed by Russian scientists for planting in urban environments, as well as the principles of creating combinatorial plantings are given. The range of perennial herbaceous plants proposed to create a ground cover along the park walking route with an indication of their environmental requirements is presented in the Tables. The type and storey of plantings where these plants can be used, the flowering period and in the note the additional features of a particular species are indicated. This material can be further used in the design of structural modules of the ground cover according to the type of natural phytocoenoses for park areas with different environmental conditions.

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