The Republic Against Republicanism: The French Debate on Cultural Diversity (1983–2005)

Author(s):  
Olivier Rousseau ◽  
S. Romi Mukherjee
2008 ◽  
pp. 3048-3061
Author(s):  
David Gefen ◽  
Gregory M. Rose ◽  
Merrill Warkentin ◽  
Paul A. Pavlou

To trust means to have expectations about others’ (the trustees’) socially acceptable behavior. One of the central effects of this trust in the context of IT adoption is to increase the perceived usefulness (PU) of Information Technology (IT) associated with the trustee’s agency. One way of increasing this trust is through greater sociocultural similarity. Taking previous research into the realm of electronic voting, this paper posits that because trust is culture-dependent, it should decrease considerably as cultural diversity and differentiation increases. To investigate the role of trust in IT adoption in different cultures where dissimilar concepts of socially acceptable behavior exist, this study compares trust-related perceptions of an emerging IT (i.e., electronic voting) between the United States of America (USA) and the Republic of South Africa (RSA). More specifically, the question was addressed by comparing the unique circumstances of the cultural changes in the RSA with the more socially integrated mainstream USA culture. In both cultures, a perceived sociocultural similarity between the individual and the agency in charge of the electronic voting IT contributed to both the establishment of trust and to an increase in the perceived usefulness of the IT, supporting and extending the extrapolations of past propositions to this new realm. However, only in the USA did trust contribute to the PU of the IT. The results suggest that when cultural diversity is large, trust becomes of lesser importance, perhaps because it can no longer reduce social uncertainty. Implications for researchers and governmental voting agencies are discussed, and future research directions are proposed.


2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Gulsara Madanievna Kappassova

A change in the ethnic structure of the population is observed in the Republic of Kazakhstan, which is described by ethnic and cultural diversity. The current situation in the Republic of Kazakhstan has been analysed based on the author's methodology for the quantitative assessment of interethnic tension. The author outlined a set of measures to stabilise interethnic relations, strengthen mutual understanding between citizens of various nationalities, and prevent interethnic conflicts in the Republic of Kazakhstan.  


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Iskandarsyah Siregar

Language is present as a form of crystallization of the values of civilization and mediating and directing the orientation of the movement of civilization. Therefore, language becomes an important and interesting variable to be studied and revised scientifically for the preservation and progress of civilization. The Republic of Indonesia has an official language used by its citizens, namely Bahasa Indonesia. This language aims to unite the Indonesian people who are multicultural or have ethnic and cultural diversity so that no distance separates fellow Indonesian citizens from hundreds of tribes, according to the 1928 Youth Pledge Convention. The thing that must be realized now is the use of the Indonesian language which is getting weaker. The weakness is not that it is not used at all but that foreign terms are included in public discussion, and it tends to be considered more prestigious to be used. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method that refers to the sources of literature and the results of previous studies. The existence of Indonesian can decline when most Indonesians are happy and proud to use a foreign language that is considered more respectable and classier. However, the current condition of the existence of the Indonesian language is still in a safe stage. Bahasa Indonesia can continue to exist while preserving it by following the prevailing context and linguistic rules and developing its construction according to the needs and desires of civilization.


1973 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-195
Author(s):  
Natale Olwak Akolawin

The Republic of the Sudan, born on January 1st, 1956, is, like many other independent states in Africa, a political, and not an ethnic unit. It ranks high among the countries with extraordinary ethnic and cultural diversity. Besides the Arab tribes which constitute 39% of its population, there are numerous non-Arab tribes of several racial and linguistic families.


Author(s):  
David Gefen ◽  
Gregory M. Rose ◽  
Merrill Warkentin ◽  
Paul A. Pavlou

Trust is a cornerstone of society, and it enables democratic institutes. It captures people’s expectations about others’ (the trustees) socially-acceptable behavior. In the context of information technology (IT) adoption, trust also increases the perceived usefulness (PU) of IT associated with the trustee’s agency. One way of increasing this trust is through greater sociocultural similarity. Extrapolating based on previous research to the realm of electronic voting, this chapter posits that because trust is culture-dependent, it should decrease considerably as cultural diversity and differentiation increases. To investigate the role of trust in IT adoption in different cultures where dissimilar concepts of socially-acceptable behavior exist, this study compares trust-related perceptions of an emerging IT, namely electronic voting, between the United States of America (USA) and the Republic of South Africa (RSA). More specifically, the question was addressed by comparing the unique circumstances of the cultural changes in the RSA with the more socially-integrated mainstream USA culture. In both cultures, perceived sociocultural similarity between the individual and the agency in charge of the electronic voting IT contributed to both the establishment of trust and to an increase in the perceived usefulness of the IT, supporting and extending the extrapolations of past propositions to this new realm. However, only in the USA did trust contribute to the PU of the IT. The results suggest that when cultural diversity is large, trust becomes of lesser importance, perhaps because it can no longer reduce social uncertainty. Implications for researchers and governmental voting agencies are discussed, and future research directions are proposed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (01) ◽  
pp. 132-135
Author(s):  
Samaya Maharram Habibova ◽  

Summary Multiculturalism is the policy of preserving cultural diversity, the development of intercultural dialogue, the concept of a democratic state aimed at tolerance, peaceful coexistence, interaction of different cultures in a single society and state. Tolerance and multiculturalism have historical roots in Azerbaijan, develop in modern Azerbaijani society and are supported at the state level. Conditions have been created in the republic for the free and peaceful residence of representatives of various nationalities, cultures and religions, historical monuments, mosques, churches, temples, synagogues are preserved and restored. The unique atmosphere of tolerance, tolerance, intercultural dialogue in Azerbaijani society attracts attention as a model for the development of multiculturalism. Key words: multiculturalism, Azerbaijan, cultural diversity, legal bases, constitution


Author(s):  
Putu Baruna Giri Waisnawa

Tourism is the third largest contributor to foreign exchange, Indonesia with its diversity and beauty of the island and cultural diversity make Indonesia one of the world's tourism destinations where 2018 numbers of tourists visiting Indonesia reached 11,929,542. Tourists are present are dominated by tourists from China, they  come to Indonesia using tour packages from travel which of course with a limited budget, of course, the treatment of tourists come with tour packages with limited budgets will be different, it is very important to provide protection law in the context of racial equality which would certainly provide a balance and justice for foreign tourists, considering tourism is one of the contributors to foreign exchange, this study aims to collaborate legal protection for foreign tourists in the context of human rights, especially in racial equality. This study uses normative research methods with a legislative approach and methods and norms that serve as the basis for acting for citizens and society on what they deem appropriate. The results study show that foreign tourists who travel to Indonesia are protected as stipulated in the provisions of Article 28C of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of  Indonesia, as well as Article 13 and Article 27 of Law Number 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights and Article 19 of Law Number 10 of 2009 concerning Tourism ; The right to travel is a right that is owned by everyone. The state has an obligation to respect and protect and fulfill the right to travel. Pariwisata merupakan penyumbang terbesar devisa negara ketiga selain komoditi minyak dan gas, Indonesia dengan keanekaragamannya dan dengan keindahan pulau dan ragam budayanya menjadikan Indonesia sebagai salah satu destinasi pariwisata dunia dimana pada tahun 2018 angka wisatawan yang datang berkunjung ke Indonesia  mencapai 11.929.542 juta jiwa. Wisatawan yang hadir didominasi oleh wisatawan asal cina, dimana mereka pada umumnya datang ke Indonesia menggunakan paket tur dari travel agen yang tentunya dengan anggaran biaya yang terbatas, perbedaan perlakuan terhadap wisatawan yang datang dengan paket tur yang anggarannya terbatas akan berbeda, sangatlah penting untuk memberikan suatu perlindungan hukum dalam konteks kesetaraan ras yang tentunya akan memberikan suatu keseimbangan dan keadilan bagi wisatawan asing, mengingat  pariwisata merupakan salah satu penyumbang devisa negara, studi ini bertujuan untuk mengolaborasi perlindungan hukum bagi wisatawan asing dalam konteks hak asasi manusia khususnya dalam kesetaraan rasial. Studi ini menggunakan metode penelitian normatif dengan pendekatan perundang undangan dan kaedah maupun norma-norma yang menjadi dasar bertindak bagi warga maupun masyarakat terhadap apa yang mereka anggap pantas. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa wisatawan asing yang berwisata ke Indonesia mendapat perlindungan  sebagaimana yang telah diatur dalam ketentuan Pasal 28C UUD RI Tahun 1945, serta Pasal 13 dan Pasal 27 UU Nomor 39  Tahun 1999 Tentang Hak Asasi Manusia dan Pasal 19 UU Nomor 10 Tahun 2009 Tentang Kepariwisataan; Hak berwisata merupakan hak yang dimiliki oleh setiap orang. Negara memiliki suatu kewajiban untuk menghormati serta melindungi dan memenuhi hak berwisata, yang tentunya di dalam kegiatan pariwisata tersebut baik wisatawan dan pengusaha pariwisata memiliki hak dan kewajiban.


1972 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
J. Hers

In South Africa the modern outlook towards time may be said to have started in 1948. Both the two major observatories, The Royal Observatory in Cape Town and the Union Observatory (now known as the Republic Observatory) in Johannesburg had, of course, been involved in the astronomical determination of time almost from their inception, and the Johannesburg Observatory has been responsible for the official time of South Africa since 1908. However the pendulum clocks then in use could not be relied on to provide an accuracy better than about 1/10 second, which was of the same order as that of the astronomical observations. It is doubtful if much use was made of even this limited accuracy outside the two observatories, and although there may – occasionally have been a demand for more accurate time, it was certainly not voiced.


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