REGIONAL COMPARISONS | ScienceGate

AbstractThis paper describes CEQID, a database of earthquake damage and casualty data assembled since the 1980s based on post-earthquake damage surveys conducted by a range of research groups. Following 2017–2019 updates, the database contains damage data for more than five million individual buildings in over 1000 survey locations following 79 severely damaging earthquakes worldwide. The building damage data for five broadly defined masonry and reinforced concrete building classes has been assembled and a uniform set of six damage levels assigned. Using estimated peak ground acceleration (PGA) for each survey location based on USGS Shakemap data, a set of lognormal fragility curves has been developed to estimate the probability of exceedance of each damage level for each class, and separate fragility curves for each of five geographical regions are presented. A revised set of fragility curves has also been prepared in which the bias in the curve resulting from the uncertainty in the ground motion parameter has been removed. The uncertainty in the fragility curves is evaluated and discussed and the curves are compared with those from other studies. A resistance index for each class of building is developed and cross-regional comparisons using this resistance index are presented.

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Psychotropic drug use in Northern Ireland 1966–80: prescribing trends, inter- and intra-regional comparisons and relationship to demographic and socioeconomic variables

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291700049126 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 819-833 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

David J. King ◽

Kathryn Griffiths ◽

Phillip M. Reilly ◽

J. Desmond Merrett

Keyword(s):

Northern Ireland ◽

Psychotropic Drug ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Adult Population ◽

Regional Analysis ◽

Socioeconomic Variables ◽

Rate Of Increase ◽

Prescribing Trends ◽

Regional Comparisons ◽

Health Districts

SynopsisA study of psychotropic drug prescribing, derived from the computerized pricing data in Northern Ireland from 1966, showed that the use of these drugs reached a peak in 1975, when about 12·5% of the adult population were estimated to have been receiving them, and declined in the following 5 years. Benzodioazepines accounted for three-quarters of all psychotropic drugs prescribed in 1980. Benzodiazepine tranquillizer prescribing was consistently 20–30% higher than in the rest of the United Kindom, in contrast to hypnotic and antidepressant prescribing which has been consistently lower. The rate of increase in benzodiazepine tranquillizer prescribing was greater than in other European countries, but the level remains lower than in Iceland and Denmark. The influence of a number of demographic and socioeconomic variables was studied in an intra-regional analysis of the 1978 data for the 17 health districts in the province, using multivariate and multiple regression statistics. The prescribing of benzodiazepine hypnotics was almost entirely accounted for by the proportion of elderly (over 65 years) and women aged 45–59 years; neuroleptic prescribing was largely a function of factors associated with rural areas (overcrowding and unemployment) and the proportion of elderly; but neither tranquillizer, antidepressant, barbiturate hypnotic nor psychostimulant prescribing were satisfactorily explained by these variables.

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Pediatric Antimicrobial Susceptibility Trends across the United States

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology ◽

10.1086/673974 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 34 (12) ◽

pp. 1244-1251 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Pranita D. Tamma ◽

Gwen L. Robinson ◽

Jeffrey S. Gerber ◽

Jason G. Newland ◽

Chloe M. DeLisle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

The United States ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Gram Negative Organisms ◽

Pediatric Healthcare ◽

Regional Comparisons ◽

Susceptibility Patterns ◽

Over Time

Objective.Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns across US pediatric healthcare institutions are unknown. A national pooled pediatric antibiogram (1) identifies nationwide trends in antimicrobial resistance, (2) allows across-hospital benchmarking, and (3) provides guidance for empirical antimicrobial regimens for institutions unable to generate pediatric antibiograms.Methods.In January 2012, a request for submission of pediatric antibiograms between 2005 and 2011 was sent to 233 US hospitals. A summary antibiogram was compiled from participating institutions to generate proportions of antimicrobial susceptibility. Temporal and regional comparisons were evaluated using χ² tests and logistic regression, respectively.Results.Of 200 institutions (85%) responding to our survey, 78 (39%) reported generating pediatric antibiograms, and 55 (71%) submitted antibiograms. Carbapenems had the highest activity against the majority of gram-negative organisms tested, but no antibiotic had more than 90% activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Approximately 50% of all Staphylococcus aureus isolates were methicillin resistant. Western hospitals had significantly lower proportions of S. aureus that were methicillin resistant compared with all other regions tested. Overall, 21% of S. aureus isolates had resistance to clindamycin. Among Enterococcus faecium isolates, the prevalence of susceptibility to ampicillin (25%) and vancomycin (45%) was low but improved over time (P < .01), and 8% of E. faecium isolates were resistant to linezolid. Southern hospitals reported significantly higher prevalence of E. faecium with susceptibilities to ampicillin, vancomycin, and linezolid compared with the other 3 regions (P < .01).Conclusions.A pooled, pediatric antibiogram can identify nationwide antimicrobial resistance patterns for common pathogens and might serve as a useful tool for benchmarking resistance and informing national prescribing guidelines for children.

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Regional Comparisons of Heterotrophic Protists Grazing Impacts and Community in Northwest Pacific Ocean

Ocean and Polar Research ◽

10.4217/opr.2008.30.3.289 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 289-301 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Eun-Jin Yang ◽

Se-Jong Ju ◽

Woong-Seo Kim

Keyword(s):

Pacific Ocean ◽

Northwest Pacific ◽

Northwest Pacific Ocean ◽

Grazing Impacts ◽

Regional Comparisons

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The initial success of the Chagas' Disease Control Program: factors contributing to Triatomine infestation

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0102-311x1992000400005 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 391-403 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Millicent Fleming-Moran

Keyword(s):

Chagas Disease ◽

Control Program ◽

Triatoma Infestans ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Disease Vector ◽

Disease Control Program ◽

Household Crowding ◽

Favorable Conditions ◽

House Infestation ◽

Regional Comparisons

While the control of the major Chagas' disease vector Triatoma infestans has been achieved in many endemic areas of Brazil, data from the inception of the control program in the Triângulo Mineiro (1976-79) suggest that re-infestation by triatomines occurs under certain favorable conditions. The percentage of houses infested in 500 communities of the Triângulo Mineiro region is compared for two years: 1976 and 1979, using linear regression models. Controlling for three major triatomine vectors, household crowding, house demolition and construction, and infested out-buildings are all independent covariates of house infestation in these communities. While several household factors have been suggested as correlates of infestation, the control program focuses on community-level reductions in infestation, but intra-community or regional comparisons have heretofore been unfeasible. Computerized data are becoming available to identify communities at high risk for re-infestation, and for targeting control-program activities.

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