Theories of vertical segregation in feminized occupations: rethinking dominant perspectives and making use of Bourdieu

2015 ◽  
pp. 179-193
Author(s):  
Kate Huppatz
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Segregation ◽  
Feminized Occupations

Nanostructured Polymer Brushes With Reversibly Changing Properties

2002 ◽  
Vol 727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denys Usov ◽  
Manfred Stamm ◽  
Sergiy Minko ◽  
Christian Froeck ◽  
Andreas Scholl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Brushes ◽  
Phase Segregation ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Nanostructured Polymer ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements ◽  
Vertical Segregation ◽  
Oxygen Plasma Etching ◽  
Grafting From ◽  
Photoemission Electron

AbstractWe investigated the interplay between different mechanisms of the lateral and vertical segregation in the synthesized via “grafting from” approach symmetric A/B (where A and B are poly(styrene-co-2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorostyrene) and poly(methylmethacrylate), respectively) polymer brushes upon exposure to different solvents. We used X-ray photoemission electron spectroscopy and microscopy (X-PEEM), AFM, water contact angle measurements, and oxygen plasma etching to study morphology of the brushes. The ripple morphology after toluene (nonselective solvent) revealed elongated lamellar-like domains of A and B polymers alternating across the surface. The dimple-A morphology consisting of round clusters of the polymer A was observed after acetone (selective solvent for B). The top layer was enriched with the polymer B showing that the brush underwent both the lateral and vertical phase segregation. A qualitative agreement with predictions of SCF theory was found.

scholarly journals Vertical segregation of two species of Hyphessobrycon(Characiformes: Characidae) in the Cabiúnas coastal lagoon, southeastern Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio M. Q. Lima ◽  
André A. Cunha ◽  
Jorge I. Sánchez-Botero ◽  
Érica P. Caramaschi
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Coastal Lagoon ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Predation Pressure ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
Nutrient Distribution ◽  
Vertical Segregation ◽  
Macrophyte Cover

Segregation in the use of the water column by two congeneric species of Characidae, Hyphessobrycon bifasciatus and H. luetkenii, was investigated through underwater observations in the Cabiúnas coastal lagoon in northeastern Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The use of the water column by the two species differed significantly. Hyphessobrycon luetkenii occupied mainly the uppermost stratum, with 79% of the observations within 20 cm of the surface; whereas H. bifasciatus was more common between 20 cm and 40 cm below the surface (55% of the observations). Predation pressure, macrophyte cover and nutrient distribution may influence this vertical segregation.

School Composition and Contextual Effects on Student Outcomes

2010 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 1008-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Douglas Willms
Keyword(s):  
Student Outcomes ◽  
School Context ◽  
The United States ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Classroom Context ◽  
School Composition ◽  
International Student Assessment ◽  
Socioeconomic Gradient ◽  
Vertical Segregation ◽  
The Relationship

Background Findings from several international studies have shown that there is a significant relationship between literacy skills and socioeconomic status (SES). Research has also shown that schools differ considerably in their student outcomes, even after taking account of students’ ability and family background. The context or learning environment of a school or classroom is an important determinant of the rate at which children learn. The literature has traditionally used school composition, particularly the mean SES of the school, as a proxy for context. Focus of Study This study examines the relationships among school composition, several aspects of school and classroom context, and students’ literacy skills in science. Population The study uses data from the 2006 PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) for 57 countries. PISA assesses the knowledge and life skills of 15-year-old youth as they approach the end of their compulsory period of schooling. Research Design Secondary analyses of the data describe the socioeconomic gradient (the relationship between a student outcome and SES) and the school profile (the relationship between average school performance and school composition) using data for the United States as an example. The analyses demonstrate two important relationships between school composition and the socioeconomic gradient and distinguish between two types of segregation, referred to as horizontal and vertical segregation. The analyses discern the extent to which school composition and classroom and school context separately and jointly account for variation in student achievement. Findings The results show that school composition is correlated with several aspects of school and classroom context and that these factors are associated with students’ science literacy. Literacy performance is associated with the extent to which school systems are segregated “horizontally,” based on the distribution among schools of students from differing SES backgrounds, and “vertically,” due mainly to mechanisms that select students into different types of schools. Conclusions An understanding of socioeconomic gradients and school profiles for a school system is critical to discerning whether reform efforts should be directed mainly at improving the performance of particular schools or at striving to alter policies and practices within all schools. Both horizontal and vertical segregation are associated with lower student outcomes; therefore, we require a better understanding of the mechanisms through which students are allocated to schools. When the correlation of school composition with a particular contextual variable is strong, it calls for policies aimed at increasing inclusion or differentially allocating school and classroom resources among schools serving students of differing status.

Engendered Workplace Segregation

2013 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Segregation ◽  
Teaching Profession ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Minority Status ◽  
Gender Pay Gap ◽  
Pay Gap ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Vertical Segregation ◽  
The Uk

This chapter aims to: give a clear understanding of gendered occupational segregation; demonstrate why it is an important issue for women today especially in terms of the persistent gender pay gap; discuss both horizontal and vertical segregation and how this impacts women in terms of pay, promotion, opportunities and society, through a lack of utilizing the whole of society’s workforce; and discuss men who work in female dominated industries and how men can benefit by their minority status, with an emphasis on the teaching profession. To give the reader a deeper and richer understanding of gendered occupational segregation outside of the SET sector, this chapter focuses on the UK’s finance sector. This sector is a particularly relevant and interesting sector to add to the discussions, as in both the UK and the USA, women hold an approximately equal percentage of the workforce as a whole, yet they are concentrated in the low paying, less prestigious jobs, and at the lower echelons of the sector.

Care Workers in Argentina

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-482
Author(s):  
Valeria Esquivel ◽  
Francisca Pereyra
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Early Education ◽  
Domestic Workers ◽  
State Policies ◽  
Social Standing ◽  
Relative Wages ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Feminized Occupations

The working conditions, relative wages, and social standing of care occupations are the result of diverse causes that can worsen, improve, or neutralize the labor disadvantages usually found in care occupations. This article seeks to provide a perspective on the factors underlying care workers’ working conditions in Argentina. It presents a comparative analysis of three highly feminized occupations—early education teachers, nurses, and domestic workers. After highlighting the different working conditions among these occupations, the paper focuses on the critically important role that unionization and state policies have played in defining each labor context in Argentina. The analysis shows how workers’ evaluation of their occupation and working conditions are fundamentally shaped by these two variables.

Step-Driven Surface Segregation and Ordering During Si-Ge MBE Growth

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Jesson ◽  
S. J. Pennycook ◽  
J.-M. Baribeau ◽  
D. C. Houghton
Keyword(s):  
Surface Segregation ◽  
Ordered Structure ◽  
Mbe Growth ◽  
Vertical Segregation ◽  
Z Contrast ◽  
Lateral Segregation ◽  
Phase Variants ◽  
Step Edges

ABSTRACTAn important role of type SB step edges in determining the as-grown microstructure of Si-Ge superlattices and alloys is implicated from direct Z-contrast images of as-grown structures. A variety of different ordered phase variants can arise at each Si on Ge interface as a result of vertical segregation during superlattice growth. A new monoclinic-ordered structure is predicted to arise as a result of lateral segregation during alloy growth.

Seasonal vertical distribution and diel migration of zooplankton in a temperate stratified lake

Biologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelia Doulka ◽  
George Kehayias
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Abiotic Factor ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Diel Migration ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Diel Vertical Migrations ◽  
Vertical Segregation ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Vertical Distribution

AbstractThe investigation of the vertical distribution of the zooplankton community in the temperate Lake Trichonis during four seasons in 2005, showed the existence of vertical segregation among species, ontogenetic stages and sexes within and between the major groups. In each season, the two or three more abundant rotifer species distributed at separate depth layers, while this feature was maintained during the entire 24 h period, since no diel vertical migrations (DVM) were performed. In contrast, the crustacean community, comprised mainly by the calanoid copepod Eudiaptomus drieschi and the cladoceran Diaphanosoma orghidani, showed various patterns of DVM, being more pronounced in spring and summer. Females of E. drieschi distributed deeper than males, while the copepod nauplii were found mainly in the surface layer in all four seasons. Temperature was the most important abiotic factor affecting directly and indirectly the vertical distribution and migration of various species. During stratification, the metalimnion was the most productive layer in Lake Trichonis, having maximum values of dissolved oxygen and low transparency due to high concentration of organic matter and phytoplankton. The DVM patterns of the crustaceans indicate that the metalimnion acts probably as a daylight refuge against predation by Atherina boyeri, which is the dominant planktivorous fish in the lake.

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