Menopause as a well-being strategy: Organizational effectiveness, gendered ageism and racism

Objective This study considers the example of one council who deliberately implemented menopause considerations into their well-being strategy instead of instituting a menopause policy. This example is used to explore whether such a strategy is a more viable and effective alternative. Study Design An online survey was distributed amongst council workers and completed by 189 individuals. The questions covered respondents’ own experiences of menopause transition at work (where applicable) and the availability of information and support for menopause at work, as well as a range of contextual factors. Main outcome measures Experiences of workplace environments and relationships by those experiencing menopause. Results Results on menopause experiences in this council are comparable to those in organizations who have implemented menopause policies or guidelines. Contextual factors, including gendered vertical segregation and racism, are highlighted as important factors influencing the experience of menopause transition in the workplace. Conclusions Early indications suggest that integrating menopause support into a health and well-being strategy helps mainstream menopause issues amongst staff. Long-term assessment is required to consider whether it is more effective than introducing a menopause policy or guidelines.

Effects of competitive pressure and habitat heterogeneity on niche partitioning between Arctic and boreal congeners

The rapidly changing climate in the Arctic is expected to have a major impact on the foraging ecology of seabirds, owing to changes in the distribution and abundance of their prey but also that of competitors (e.g. southerly species expanding their range into the Arctic). Species can respond to interspecific competition by segregating along different niche axes. Here, we studied spatial, temporal and habitat segregation between two closely related seabird species: common guillemot Uria aalge (a temperate species) and Brünnich’s guillemot Uria lomvia (a true Arctic species), at two sympatric sites in Iceland that differ in their total population sizes and the availability of marine habitats. We deployed GPS and temperature-depth recorders to describe foraging locations and behaviour of incubating and chick-rearing adults. We found similar evidence of spatial segregation at the two sites (i.e. independent of population sizes), although segregation in environmental space was only evident at the site with a strong habitat gradient. Unexpectedly, temporal (and, to a limited extent, vertical) segregation appeared only at the least populated site. Overall, our results show complex relationships between the levels of inferred competition and that of segregation.

GENDER IMBALANCE IN THE FIELD OF PROVIDING FORENSIC SERVICES FOR JUSTICE: CURRENT SITUATION IN UKRAINE AND INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE

The article is dedicated to the issue of gender inequality in general, and in particular in the field of forensic expert support of justice, including the problem of vertical segregation of labor in leadership positions in state specialized institutions of Ukraine. The article outlines possible reasons for the existence of gender imbalance in the form of vertical segregation of labor in leadership positions in the field of employment and in the field of forensic expert support of justice, as well as examples of gender inequality manifestations. An analysis of previous researches of distinguished women scientists and representatives of civil society institutions as to the problem of gender imbalance in the field of education, professional self-determination and career growth has been carried out. A specific focus is drawn to particular manifestations of gender imbalance in science. At the same time, the analysis of legal regulations of national and international significance on counteraction to gender inequality in different areas of public life has been considered. The activity of central executive agencies regarding advancement of women in society and influence of initiated programs on counteraction to gender imbalance in the field of forensic expert support of justice is studied. Statistics on manifestations of possible vertical segregation of labor in leadership positions in state specialized institutions of Ukraine is provided. Examples of international organizations which activity has a wide range of influence and the ones which activity is aimed at improving the state of women forensic experts in the field of forensic expert support are outlined. The experience of such organizations for preventing and overcoming gender imbalance, as well as specific proposals for solving this problem are taken into consideration.

Occupational Segregation Based on Gender and Wage Inequality by Education, Age and Mobility (South Sumatra, Indonesia)

Purpose: this study measures gender segregation by occupations and wage inequality based on overall segregation, vertical segregation, and horizontal segregation in terms of labour supply, namely differences in wages, hours of work, age, level of education, and mobility (rural and urban) in South Sumatra Province in 2019.Methods: the data used in this study are secondary data sourced from the 2019 South Sumatra Province Labour Force Survey (SAK19.AK) which is limited to individuals aged 15 to 64 who are currently working, namely as many as 10,429 individuals, of whom 6,873 men and 3,556 women. Classification of the main occupations using quantitative analysis techniques, namely measuring segregation is based on the overall, vertical and horizontal dimensions based on the Gini coefficient, Somer D Statistic, and Pythagorean Theorem.Results: (1) Women are more segregated based on the main occupations, especially jobs with high social stratification and wage groups. (2) Women have more advantages in workplaces with low social stratification and higher education categories. (3) There is no wage inequality based on the main occupations, education, age, and mobility.Conclusions and Relevance: the results of the study prove that there is high segregation based on wage groups and educational composition. Women emphasize increasing education because based on vertical segregation, women with higher education level advantage more and they occupy jobs that are equal to men based on wage stratification.

Seasonal influence on the bathymetric distribution of an endangered fish within a marine protected area

The spatio-temporal variability of fish distribution is important to better manage and protect the populations of endangered species. In this sense, the vertical movements of a vulnerable and protected species, Sciaena umbra, were assessed in a marine protected area (the Réserve Naturelle Marine de Cerbère-Banyuls, south of France) to study the variability of their bathymetric distribution at different time scales. Twenty adults were marked with acoustic transmitters and acoustically monitored over 2.5 years. This revealed that some individuals remained at shallow waters (< 8 m) all year round, while others presented vertical segregation at deeper waters during the cold months (mean depth of 22.5 ± 0.04 m) and all aggregated in shallow waters during the warm months. The brown meagre was more active during the night, except in June and July when peaks of activity were observed at dusk. These patterns are likely associated with foraging and reproductive behavior during the cold and warm periods, respectively, and likely regulated by water temperature and the depth of the thermocline. Here, we provide valuable information on when and where in the water column critical periods of S. umbra life cycle are expected to occur, which should be considered in management and protection plans.

Picophytoplankton Niche Partitioning in the Warmest Oligotrophic Sea

Pico-sized Synechococcus, Prochlorococcus, and eukaryotes are the dominant photosynthetic organisms in the vast warm and oligotrophic regions of the ocean. In this paper, we aim to characterize the realized niches of the picophytoplanktonic community inhabiting the Red Sea, the warmest oligotrophic sea, which is considered to be a model for the future ocean. We quantify population abundances and environmental variables over several oceanographic surveys, and use stepwise regression, principal-component analysis (PCA), and compositional-data analysis to identify the realized niches of the three picophytoplanktonic groups. Water temperature varied from 21.4 to 32.4°C within the upper 200-m water column, with the warmest waters being found in the South, where nutrients increased. Synechococcus dominated the biomass, contributing 47.6% to the total picophytoplankton biomass, followed by picoeukaryotes (26.4%) and Prochlorococcus (25.9%), whose proportions contrast significantly with those reported in the subtropical ocean, where Prochlorococcus prevails. There were positive and significant relationships between temperature and the three populations, although these were weak for Prochlorococcus (R2 = 0.08) and stronger and steeper for Synechococcus (R2 = 0.57). The three populations centered their maximum abundances (Lorentzian fits) at similar low nutrient values. Synechococcus were centered close to the surface at ≈77% of surface photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and ≈30.6°C. The picoeukaryotes were centered at lower light (≈6.4% surface PAR) and warm waters (≈30°C). Prochlorococcus was segregated from the surface waters and centered deep at low light (≈3.2% surface PAR). Light and temperature were the most influential factors determining the community composition, with Synechococcus dominating ∼74% of the picophytoplankton biovolume in the warmest (&gt;30°C) waters. In the warm and mesotrophic southern Red Sea, the moderate abundances of picoeukaryotes and Synechococcus suggest increasing competition with nano and microphytoplankton. Our observations agree with predictions of increasing vertical segregation of picophytoplankton communities with future warming and reveal Synechococcus’s significant capacity to adapt to warming.

Gender Equality Policies and Gender Mindset in Kosovo

This paper discusses gender equality concerns within higher education, politics and examines the gender related policies introduced in Kosovo. Gender differences emerge in primary and secondary education partly because traditional gender roles and stereotypes tend to be reproduced in schools. These differences are then reflected in and further strengthened by the choices made and opportunities open to women and men at the higher levels of education and vocational training. Therefore, it is important to examine whether and how Kosovo attempt to combat these inequalities. Kosovo have designed policy and have supported projects targeting gender inequalities in education and incorporate specific gender equality provisions in legislation or in governmental strategies and make it compulsory for political parties to create their own gender equality policies. In politics are obliged 30% quotas for female places in Assembly, but in other Higher management positions are mostly males, for example in 6 public Universities all rectors and most deans are male. In Higher Education Institutions are two main concerns in Kosovo with respect to gender inequality in higher or tertiary education: horizontal and vertical segregation. Firstly, it is concerned about horizontal segregation, that is, the problem that women and men choose different fields of study in higher education, with women being under-represented in engineering and science. Secondly, it is also concerned about vertical segregation. This problem is related to the currently existing 'glass ceiling' in tertiary education: while women outnumber men amongst higher education graduates. They participation in Higher Education its slightly increased at the doctoral level, and there are even fewer women amongst academic staff in universities, or none of them as Rector but few of them as Vice-Rector at the managerial level in universities. These two issues and the policies intended to deal with them will be discussed in this paper. 1)University of Prishtina &ldquo;Hasan Prishtina&rdquo; since 1970, University &ldquo;Ukshin Hoti&rdquo; Prizren since 2010, University &ldquo;Haxhi Zeka&rdquo; Peja, University &ldquo;Isa Boletini&rdquo; Mitrovica, University &ldquo;Kadri Zeka&rdquo; Gjilan und University &ldquo;Fehmi Agani&rdquo; Gjakova since 2011

Glass Ceiling Effect and Women Career: Determining factors in Higher Education Institutions

The glass ceiling is a vertical segregation of women from top positions and hinders women's advancement in organizations at top positions. The study was focused to investigate the effect of the determining factors on the glass ceiling in the career advancement of women in HEIs. The study was quantitative and a multistage sampling technique was used to draw the population sample of the study. Total 154 faculty members from three public sector universities were selected. To achieve the research objectives, descriptive statistics, test of independence, and multiple regression analysis were applied to investigate the significant predictors of the glass ceiling effect. The results revealed that there was an association between the gender of the faculty member and the designation. Further, the factors "Perceived discrimination" (β = .134, p < .01) and "Male dominating culture' (β = .295, p < .001) were found the significantly determined the glass ceiling. Based on the findings of the study it was recommended that to control the glass ceiling effect for women, HEIs must include the blind review-based promotion and selection criteria at least for top management positions.