scholarly journals Synthesis of nanomaterial from industrial waste and its application in environmental pollutant remediation

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 200672-0
Author(s):  
Jacob Vinitha Judith ◽  
Namasivayam Vasudevan
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
Waste Utilization ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Inorganic Contaminants ◽  
Nanomaterial Synthesis ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Pollutant Remediation ◽  
Utilization Of Wastes

Increased productions of waste from industries have persuaded in sustainable and naturally stable methods to reuse the waste. Utilization of wastes for the synthesis of nanomaterial is of significant importance due to its extensive variety of uses in various industrial sectors. This review focuses on potential options available for nanomaterial synthesis from waste produced by industrial activities and manufacturing processes. Possible application of industrial waste derived nanomaterial for the expulsion of organic and inorganic contaminants is discussed. Furthermore, the future opportunities and challenges in this emerging research area of converting industrial waste to nanomaterials are addressed.

scholarly journals Industrial Waste Utilization of Carbon Dust in Sustainable Cementitious Composites Production

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3295
Author(s):  
Mohammad R. Irshidat ◽  
Nasser Al-Nuaimi
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Waste Utilization ◽  
Cementitious Composites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Industrial Waste Utilization

This paper experimentally investigates the effect of utilization of carbon dust generated as an industrial waste from aluminum factories in cementitious composites production. Carbon dust is collected, characterized, and then used to partially replace cement particles in cement mortar production. The effect of adding different dosages of carbon dust in the range of 5% to 40% by weight of cement on compressive strength, microstructure, and chemical composition of cement mortar is investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis are used to justify the results. Experimental results show that incorporation of carbon dust in cement mortar production not only reduces its environmental side effects but also enhances the strength of cementitious composites. Up to 10% carbon dust by weight of cement can be added to the mixture without adversely affecting the strength of the mortar. Any further addition of carbon dust would decrease the strength. Best enhancement in compressive strength (27%) is achieved in the case of using 5% replacement ratio. SEM images show that incorporation of small amount of carbon dust (less than 10%) lead to produce denser and more compact-structure cement mortar.

scholarly journals 50 nm Scale Alignment Method for Hybrid Manufacturing Processes for Full 3D Structuring

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 2407-2417
Author(s):  
Ki-Hwan Jang ◽  
Hae-Sung Yoon ◽  
Hyun-Taek Lee ◽  
Eunseob Kim ◽  
Sung-Hoon Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Alignment Error ◽  
Alignment Method ◽  
Major Research ◽  
Hybrid Processes

AbstractIn micro-/nano-scale, multi-material three-dimensional (3D), structuring has been a major research area for making various applications. To overcome dimensional and material limitations, several hybrid processes have been proposed. The hybrid processes were performed in the same or different numerically controlled stages. If the stages differed, the substrate was moved and locked to the stage before fabrication. During the locking, alignment error occurred. This error became problematic because this significantly compromised the quality of final structures. Here, an alignment method for a hybrid process consisted of a focused ion beam milling, aerodynamically focused nanoparticle printing, and micro-machining was developed. Two sets of collinear marks were placed at the edges of the substrate. Rotational and translational errors were calculated and compensated using the marks. Processes having different scales were bridged through this alignment method. Various materials were utilized, and accuracy was less than 50 nm when the length of the substrate was less than 13 mm. The alignment method was employed to fabricate a V-shaped structure and step-shaped structure using polymer, ceramic, and metal.

scholarly journals The Virtual Manufacturing Concept: Scope, Socio-Economic Aspects and Future Trends

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. De´pince´ ◽  
D. Chablat ◽  
E. Noe¨l ◽  
P. O. Woelk
Keyword(s):  
Research Area ◽  
Virtual Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Modelling Simulation ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

The research area “Virtual Manufacturing (VM)” is the use of information technology and computer simulation to model real world manufacturing processes for the purpose of analysing and understanding them. As automation technologies such as CAD/CAM have substantially shortened the time required to design products, Virtual Manufacturing will have a similar effect on the manufacturing phase thanks to the modelling, simulation and optimisation of the product and the processes involved in its fabrication. After a description of Virtual Manufacturing (definitions and scope), we present some socio-economic factors of VM and finaly some “hot topics” for the future are proposed.

scholarly journals Unit economics in the youth entrepreneurship sector: principles, methods of implementation

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
L. Davidenko ◽  
◽  
Xu Linshi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Parametric Method ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Economic Modeling ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Business Plans ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Youth Entrepreneurship ◽  
The Republic

Basic problem: the Republic of Kazakhstan is a platform for implementing innovative projects in all spheres of the economy, providing the younger generation with resource centers, technological parks, agricultural equipment, industrial technologies and scientific and educational complexes. The main goal of such actions is to activate scientific research, increase the technological potential of the industrial sectors of the national economy, and stimulate the development of innovative activities in the field of research and development. The problems of developing an entrepreneurial culture are a cornerstone issue that combines a combination of motivational principles for generating and promoting ideas, activating youth entrepreneurship as the flagship of the future economy, and a complex epidemiological situation in the world that hinders not only the development of entrepreneurship, but also the course of all socio-economic processes in society. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the problems of youth entrepreneurship and find ways to solve them in accordance with the principles and methods of implementation, including the unit economics. Methods: the research Area focuses on economic modeling techniques that are successfully used in international practice to determine the profitability of business models, taking into account the effect of the production of a unit of goods / services or a single client / customer. The implementation of this approach is facilitated by the use of traditional methods of scientific research, such as analysis, comparison, and a graphical method for visualizing the results obtained; quantification method and parametric method as an evaluation tool that allows formalizing the procedure for evaluating the performance of unit economics models. Results and their significance: when considering business models in relation to youth entrepreneurship, attention is paid to the skills and competencies that students who study the disciplines of the entrepreneurial block in higher education receive. The proposed methods of unit economics are actively used in the development and promotion of startups, as an integral part of business plans. It is concluded that youth business has started to play a crucial role in solving socio-economic problems, such as creating new jobs and reducing the unemployment rate, and training qualified personnel. The set of proposed measures provides additional opportunities and increases the influence of youth entrepreneurship, which becomes the basis for unlocking its potential.

Impact of Hazardous Industrial Waste on Health and Environment

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Anantha Rama V. ◽  
Prakash P. ◽  
Kiran Kumar B.V.
Keyword(s):  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Mercury Electrodes ◽  
Liberalization Policy

From the days of primitive society, human and animals have used the resource of the earth to support life and to dispose waste. Rapid population growth and uncontrolled industrial development are seriously degrading the urban and semi-urban environment in many of the developing countries placing enormous strain on natural resources and undermining efficient and sustainable development. Industrial operations lead to considerable generation of hazardous waste and in rapidly industrializing countries such as India the contribution to hazardous waste from industries are largest. Hazardous waste genarations from industries is also critical due to their large geophysical spread in the country, leading to regionwide impacts. Due to liberalization policy the pace of industrialization has been accelerated, which has resulted in increasing amount of hazardous waste every year. This long with a growing amount of municipal solid waste due to rapid urbanization and inadequate policy and technological measures continues to remain a daunting issue of environmental concern to India. In this scenario the present paper discusses various aspects of hazardous industrial waste like its origin, distribution and environmental and health hazards. Hazardous waste from industrial sectors contains heavy metals, pesticides, radioactive materials and other chemicals, which are toxic, flammable, reactive, corrosive, or have explosive properties. Normally Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Lead, Zinc, Boron etc are found in pulverized fly ash. Cement industries emit huge quality of fluoride into the environment. Large quantity of mercury emitted from caustic soda industries using mercury electrodes, from chemical industries, paper and pulp industries etc. Tin mines emit tin in the vicinity of the mines. The metals such as Cadmium, Lead, Chromium, Arsenic etc, if present in the body, are hazardous to the health. Presence of fluoride within the range of 0.5 to 1.5 ppm is very essential in water for health, if present in excess leads to Florosis. Fouride may cause harm not only through water but also through air by way of respiration and soil. In river estuaries, the concentration of metal traces will reach to a high degrees of contamination because of stagnant water, when industrial effluents are fed into rivers and streams. This paper throws light upon many more such factors and also suggest measures to control and manage hazardous waste.

scholarly journals Aluminium leaching from red muds for their complexing reprocessing

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Boyarintsev ◽  
M. M. Aung ◽  
K. Yi. Aung ◽  
S. I. Stepanov
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Waste Utilization ◽  
Secondary Precipitation ◽  
Residual Aluminum ◽  
Red Muds ◽  
Industrial Waste Utilization ◽  
Aluminium Leaching ◽  
Toxic Industrial Waste

Complexing processing of «red muds» (R.M.) - waste of bauxite reprocessing by the Bayer's method, is one of the important tasks of toxic industrial waste utilization. Studied the possibility of aluminum leaching from the R.M. which content reach 14 %, received from Bogoslovsky aluminum plant of JSC «Siberian-Urals Aluminium Company» by aqueous solutions of NaOH. The process was carried out at atmospheric pressure and temperatures near to the boiling point of leaching solutions with the utilization of the residual alkali. The time’s dependence of the aluminum leaching degree from the R.M. by aqueous solutions of NaOH passes through the maximum due to the formation of secondary precipitation of aluminum. The cause of secondary sedimentation is the interaction of silicon with aluminum with formation of insoluble aluminosilicates, for example, Nа2Аl2Si2O8·2Н2O. The conditions of leaching, under which the formation of stable aluminate solutions during the time do not form of secondary precipitations were established. The maximum achieved values of the aluminum leaching degree in autoclave-free conditions was reach 20-25 %. The removal of alkali and part of aluminum under the first stage of complexing processing of R.M. leads to their enrichment in iron. The cakes from aluminum leaching and next carbonate scandium leaching can be used for pyrometallurgical recovery of iron and slag, in which untreated elements are passed, including residual aluminum, scandium, sum of rare earth elements, titanium and zirconium. A significant decrease in the volume of slag opens more opportunities for further isolation their components by acidic methods.

scholarly journals A Review on Recent Studies: Non-Traditional Machining of Titanium Alloys

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Arafat ◽  
Ning Fanghua
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Machining Processes ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Advanced Machining ◽  
Petroleum Chemical

Till now titanium and its alloys used in different industrial sectors. Unique material characteristics make it as desirable raw material for the automotive, aerospace, petroleum, chemical, marine and biomedical industries. It requires deformation and fabrication process as difficult-to-cut material. There are several challenges hidden under the processes. Therefore, advanced machining process performance investigation in titanium and its titanium alloys machining has taken part of the research concern. A number of research works has been done in every year to show the research direction. However, most of them are specifically in one machining process. It’s important to have a clear picture of a research area for further research consideration. Therefore, this review aim to study recent articles of non-traditional machining process of titanium and its alloys. The focus of this review was on the contribution for solving existing problems by using non-traditional machining processes, most efficient process and general overview. At the end it also provided a summary of sustainable issue of non-traditional machining processes.

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