scholarly journals The Importance of Service Attributes between Low-cost and Full-service Carrier Customers: A case of Airline Type Hybridisation

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10(6)) ◽  
pp. 1741-1757
Author(s):  
Nkululeko Funyane
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Latent Factors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

This study sought to assess if the importance attached by customers to the airline service attributes differed across low-cost and full-service airline models. A Mann-Whitney U Test was used to assess the difference between the two models. However, before subjecting the data to differential tests, an exploratory factor analysis (maximum likelihood) was performed on the fifty-five items of service attributes, reducing them into forty-two items retained into ten latent factors (airline service attributes). The results of the revealed a significant difference in the importance attached to staff competence, courtesy and responsiveness only. Such findings suggest that the positioning of airlines into binary (FSC - LCC) models could be a waste of effort and resources since airlines seem to be converging.

Measuring Impact of Stress in Sandwich Generation Caring for Demented Parents

GeroPsych ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence M. Solberg ◽  
Lauren B. Solberg ◽  
Emily N. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Social Worker ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sandwich Generation ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adult Caregivers ◽  
The Impact

Stress in caregivers may affect the healthcare recipients receive. We examined the impact of stress experienced by 45 adult caregivers of their elderly demented parents. The participants completed a 32-item questionnaire about the impact of experienced stress. The questionnaire also asked about interventions that might help to reduce the impact of stress. After exploratory factor analysis, we reduced the 32-item questionnaire to 13 items. Results indicated that caregivers experienced stress, anxiety, and sadness. Also, emotional, but not financial or professional, well-being was significantly impacted. There was no significant difference between the impact of caregiver stress on members from the sandwich generation and those from the nonsandwich generation. Meeting with a social worker for resource availability was identified most frequently as a potentially helpful intervention for coping with the impact of stress.

scholarly journals Development and Psychometric Testing of a Questionnaire to Assess Nurse's Perception of Risks during Enteral Nutrition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Feng ◽  
Huili Yang ◽  
Lan Xu ◽  
Ojo Omorogieva ◽  
Xiao-yan Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Enteral Nutrition ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Educational Backgrounds ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Background: Enteral nutrition (EN) therapy is widely used in clinical practice to provide artificial nutrition to patients, while the incidence of adverse events are relatively highly. In the clinical setting, the occurrence of adverse events is associated with the nurse’s risk perception. Thus, using tool to evaluate nurse’s risk perception of enteral nutrition is necessary. Methods: The draft questionnaire with 37-items was formed by comprehensive literature reviews and semi-structured in-depth interviews with eleven nurses. Two iterations of expert consultations were used to evaluate the content validity, and 4 items were deleted in this phrase. A 33-items questionnaire was used to survey 352 nurses from five tertiary hospitals in China from May to July 2019 with convenience sampling. Content validity, construct validity and known-groups validity were evaluated by content validity index (CVI), exploratory factor analysis, and the comparisons of the different EN risk perception levels of nurses at different working departments and different educational backgrounds, respectively. Reliability was tested by internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and split-half reliability.Results: After the exploratory factor analysis, four items were excluded. Finally, the newly developed questionnaire included 29 items explaining 71.356% of the total variance. It consisted of three factors: Risks of operation (15 items); Risks of EN-related adverse events (11 items), and Risks of EN solution selection (3 items). The CVI of the questionnaire was 0.95 and the CVI of items ranged from 0.875-1.0. The results of known-groups validity showed that the nurses with different educational backgrounds had a statistically significant difference of EN risk perception (z = -3.024, p = 0.002), whereas there was not significantly different between EN risk perception of nurses working in different departments (z = -1.644, p = 0.100). The Cronbach’s α, test-retest reliability, and split-half reliability of the questionnaire were 0.967, 0.818, and 0.815, respectively. Conclusions: The newly developed questionnaire for assessing nurse’s EN risk perception showed good reliability and validity. It can be used as a tool for nursing managers to assess Chinese nurses’ EN risk perception ability, so as to help to reduce the occurrence of adverse events during EN implementation.

scholarly journals Development and Psychometric Testing of a Questionnaire to Assess Nurse’s Perception of Risks during Enteral Nutrition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Feng ◽  
Huili Yang ◽  
Lan Xu ◽  
Ojo Omorogieva ◽  
Xiao-yan Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Enteral Nutrition ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Educational Backgrounds ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Background: Enteral nutrition (EN) therapy is widely used in clinical practice to provide artificial nutrition to patients, while the incidence of adverse events are relatively highly. In the clinical setting, the occurrence of adverse events is associated with the nurse’s risk perception. Thus, using tool to evaluate nurse’s risk perception of enteral nutrition is necessary. Methods: The draft questionnaire with 37-items was formed by comprehensive literature reviews and semi-structured in-depth interviews with eleven nurses. Two iterations of expert consultations were used to evaluate the content validity, and 4 items were deleted in this phrase. A 33-items questionnaire was used to survey 352 nurses from five tertiary hospitals in China from May to July 2019 with convenience sampling. Content validity, construct validity and known-groups validity were evaluated by content validity index (CVI), exploratory factor analysis, and the comparisons of the different EN risk perception levels of nurses at different working departments and different educational backgrounds, respectively. Reliability was tested by internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and split-half reliability.Results: After the exploratory factor analysis, four items were excluded. Finally, the newly developed questionnaire included 29 items explaining 71.356% of the total variance. It consisted of three factors: Risks of operation (15 items); Risks of EN-related adverse events (11 items), and Risks of EN solution selection (3 items). The CVI of the questionnaire was 0.95 and the CVI of items ranged from 0.875-1.0. The results of known-groups validity showed that the nurses with different educational backgrounds had a statistically significant difference of EN risk perception (z = -3.024, p = 0.002), whereas there was not significantly different between EN risk perception of nurses working in different departments (z = -1.644, p = 0.100). The Cronbach’s α, test-retest reliability, and split-half reliability of the questionnaire were 0.967, 0.818, and 0.815, respectively. Conclusions: The newly developed questionnaire for assessing nurse’s EN risk perception showed good reliability and validity. It can be used as a tool for nursing managers to assess Chinese nurses’ EN risk perception ability, so as to help to reduce the occurrence of adverse events during EN implementation.

scholarly journals Smoking behaviours and indoor air quality: a comparative analysis of smoking-permitted versus smoke-free homes in Dhaka, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-055969
Author(s):  
Tarana Ferdous ◽  
Kamran Siddiqi ◽  
Sean Semple ◽  
Caroline Fairhurst ◽  
Ruaraidh Dobson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
A Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Proxy Measure ◽  
Shs Exposure ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Indoor Particulate Matter

IntroductionExposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) is a health risk to non-smokers. Indoor particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with SHS exposure and is used as a proxy measure. However, PM2.5 is non-specific and influenced by a number of environmental factors, which are subject to geographical variation. The nature of association between SHS exposure and indoor PM2.5—studied primarily in high-income countries (HICs) context—may not be globally applicable. We set out to explore this association in a low/middle-income country setting, Dhaka, Bangladesh.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among households with at least one resident smoker. We inquired whether smoking was permitted inside the home (smoking-permitted homes, SPH) or not (smoke-free homes, SFH), and measured indoor PM2.5 concentrations using a low-cost instrument (Dylos DC1700) for at least 22 hours. We describe and compare SPH and SFH and use multiple linear regression to evaluate which variables are associated with PM2.5 level among all households.ResultsWe surveyed 1746 households between April and August 2018; 967 (55%) were SPH and 779 (45%) were SFH. The difference between PM2.5 values for SFH (median 27 µg/m3, IQR 25) and SPH (median 32 µg/m3, IQR 31) was 5 µg/m3 (p<0.001). Lead participant’s education level, being a non-smoker, having outdoor space and smoke-free rule at home and not using kerosene oil for cooking were significantly associated with lower PM2.5.ConclusionsWe found a small but significant difference between PM2.5 concentrations in SPH compared with SFH in Dhaka, Bangladesh—a value much lower than observed in HICs.

An Exploratory Factor Analysis of Hartmann's Boundary Questionnaire and an Empirically-Derived Short Version

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Rawlings
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Perceived Competence ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Factor Analysis ◽  
Scale Reliability ◽  
Promax Rotation

The Boundary Questionnaire (BQ) of Ernest Hartmann measures individual differences in the “thinness” of the mental boundaries presumed to separate the contents of consciousness. We report a study in which 300 undergraduates completed the 145-item BQ. Their scores were factor analyzed using Maximum Likelihood factor analysis followed by Promax rotation. Seven substantially uncorrelated factors emerged from the rotation. Subsequent analyses aimed at developing an empirically-derived short version of the questionnaire (abbreviated BQ-Sh) produced six subscales labeled Unusual Experiences, Need for Order, Trust, Perceived Competence, Childlikeness, and Sensitivity, with the Trust subscale omitted from calculation of the total score. Subscales of the 46-item BQ-Sh varied in reliability (alpha) from .80 to .65. It had a full-scale reliability of .74 and correlated strongly with the original BQ ( r = .88). It is compared with an alternative, rationally-derived short version with which it showed a correlation of .77.

scholarly journals A Deep Learning Algorithm for High-Dimensional Exploratory Item Factor Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher John Urban ◽  
Daniel J. Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Marginal Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Latent Factors ◽  
Estimation Procedures ◽  
Item Factor Analysis ◽  
Fast Procedure

Marginal maximum likelihood (MML) estimation is the preferred approach to fitting item response theory models in psychometrics due to the MML estimator's consistency, normality, and efficiency as the sample size tends to infinity. However, state-of-the-art MML estimation procedures such as the Metropolis-Hastings Robbins-Monro (MH-RM) algorithm as well as approximate MML estimation procedures such as variational inference (VI) are computationally time-consuming when the sample size and the number of latent factors are very large. In this work, we investigate a deep learning-based VI algorithm for exploratory item factor analysis (IFA) that is computationally fast even in large data sets with many latent factors. The proposed approach applies a deep artificial neural network model called a variational autoencoder for exploratory IFA. An importance sampling technique to help the variational estimator better approximate the MML estimator is explored. We provide a real data application that recovers results aligning with psychological theory across random starts. Via simulation studies, we empirically demonstrate that the variational estimator is consistent (although factor correlation estimates exhibit some bias) and yields similar results to MH-RM in less time. Our simulations also suggest that the proposed approach performs similarly to and is potentially faster than constrained joint maximum likelihood estimation, a fast procedure that is consistent when the sample size and the number of items simultaneously tend to infinity.

scholarly journals Development and psychometric testing of a questionnaire to assess Nurse’s perception of risks during enteral nutrition

BMC Nursing ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Feng ◽  
Hui-Li Yang ◽  
Lan Xu ◽  
Omorogieva Ojo ◽  
Xiao-Yan Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Enteral Nutrition ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Educational Backgrounds ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Background Enteral nutrition (EN) therapy is widely used in clinical practice to provide artificial nutrition to patients, while the incidence of adverse events are relatively highly. In the clinical setting, the occurrence of adverse events is associated with the nurse’s risk perception. Thus, using tool to evaluate nurse’s risk perception of enteral nutrition is necessary. Methods The draft questionnaire with 37-items was formed by comprehensive literature reviews and semi-structured in-depth interviews with 11 nurses. Two iterations of expert consultations were used to evaluate the content validity, and 4 items were deleted in this phrase. A 33-items questionnaire was used to survey 352 nurses from five tertiary hospitals in China from May to July 2019 with convenience sampling. Content validity, construct validity and known-groups validity were evaluated by content validity index (CVI), exploratory factor analysis, and the comparisons of the different EN risk perception levels of nurses at different working departments and different educational backgrounds, respectively. Reliability was tested by internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and split-half reliability. Results After the exploratory factor analysis, four items were excluded. Finally, the newly developed questionnaire included 29 items explaining 71.356% of the total variance. It consisted of three factors: Risks of operation (15 items); Risks of EN-related adverse events (11 items), and Risks of EN solution selection (3 items). The CVI of the questionnaire was 0.95 and the CVI of items ranged from 0.875–1.0. The results of known-groups validity showed that the nurses with different educational backgrounds had a statistically significant difference of EN risk perception (z = − 3.024, p = 0.002), whereas there was not significantly different between EN risk perception of nurses working in different departments (z = − 1.644, p = 0.100). The Cronbach’s α, test-retest reliability, and split-half reliability of the questionnaire were 0.967, 0.818, and 0.815, respectively. Conclusions The newly developed questionnaire for assessing nurse’s EN risk perception showed good reliability and validity. It can be used as a tool for nursing managers to assess Chinese nurses’ EN risk perception ability, so as to help to reduce the occurrence of adverse events during EN implementation.

scholarly journals Analisis Faktor Eksploratori Konstruk Risiko Online

Warta ISKI ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Amia Luthfia ◽  
Pinckey Triputra ◽  
Hendriyani Hendriyani
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis

Semua risiko dan sisi merugikan sebagai konsekuensi dari penggunaan Internet dan eksplorasi anak dan remaja di Internet dinyatakan sebagai risiko online. Risiko online merupakan sebuah konstruk yang sifatnya baru dibangun dan definisi dari konsep ini masih diperdebatkan. Selain itu, pengelompokkan risiko (dimensi) dari konsep ini didasarkan pada hasil koding dari respon anak-anak dari penelitian kualitatif. Maka, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan dimensi-dimensi untuk variabel risiko online dan membangun skala risiko online untuk penelitian sejenis di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menguji validitas konstruk risiko online dan menggali berapa faktor yang terbentuk dari konstruk risiko online dengan dengan menggunakan Exploratory Factor Analysis. Metode ekstraksi faktor yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Maximum Likelihood (ML) dengan rotasi faktor Varimax. Penelitian ini menggunakan survei online www.surveymonkey.com untuk memperoleh respon dari responden. Responden pada penelitian ini sebanyak 161 remaja DKI Jakarta berusia 13-18 tahun. Analisis faktor eksploratori menunjukkan hasil bahwa keseluruhan 33 item layak untuk dijadikan indikator karena memiliki koefisien korelasi anti-image yang baik.  Dari ekstraksi dan rotasi faktor dihasilkan 6  faktor dengan nilai kumulatif varian sebesar 69.557%, nilai ini cukup baik karena total varian yang dapat dijelaskan melebihi 50% varian. Enam faktor yang dihasilkan ini dapat dijadikan dimensi dari variabel risiko online. Maka, dimensi dari variabel risiko online adalah (1) Tindakan berisiko; (2) Nilai & informasi menyesatkan; (3) Pornografi; (4) Target tindakan berisiko; (5) Perundungan dan pelecehan; (6) Orang tidak dikenal.

scholarly journals Office Clutter: Comparing Lower and Upper-Level Employees on Work-related Criteria

2021 ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Common Variance ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Common ◽  
Upper Level

Office clutter might significantly impact productivity, yet no study examined workers differences across upper and lower employee status. The present study surveyed 202 U.S. on-site workers on work-related variables, including office clutter. Job classifications were aggregated, creating two groups: upper- and lower-level employees. A significant difference in office clutter impacted worker-levels: upper-level workers compared to lower-level workers had higher office clutter scores. Exploratory factor analysis created a two-factor solution (explaining 62.6% of the common variance): satisfaction/pleasure from one’s work and risk for work-related burnout/tension. There was a significant difference in office clutter perception: upper-level workers were significantly more likely to report clutter and being at risk for burnout/tension than lower-level workers. Office clutter significantly negatively predicted satisfaction with one’s job and positively related with risk for work-related burnout. Frequently reported office clutter items (in order of frequency) were paper, trash (e.g., used coffee cups), and office supplies.

scholarly journals EXPRESS: Partitioning risk factors for embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) using exploratory factor analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 174749302110098
Author(s):  
Jon Davis Perkins ◽  
Naveed Akhtar ◽  
Rajvir Singh ◽  
Assad Kamran ◽  
Saadat Ilyas
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Embolic Stroke ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Left Heart ◽  
Latent Factors

Background Embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) accounts for up to 25% of strokes. Understanding risk factors associated with ESUS is important in reducing stroke burden worldwide. However, ESUS patients are younger and present with fewer traditional risk factors. Significant global variation in ESUS populations also exists making the clinical picture of this type of stroke unclear. Methods and Results ESUS patients were pair matched for age, sex and ethnicity with a group of all other strokes (both n=331). Exploratory factor analysis was applied in both groups to 14 risk and clinical factors to identify latent factors. In ESUS patients, two latent factors emerged consisting primarily of heart related variables such as left ventricular wall motion abnormalities, reduced ejection fraction and increased left atrial volume index, as well as, aortic arch atherosclerosis. This is in comparison to the all other strokes group, which was dominated by traditional stroke risk factors. Conclusions Our findings support the existence of a unique pattern of risk factors specific to ESUS. We show that LVWMA and corresponding changes in left heart function are a potential source of emboli in these patients. In addition, the clustering of aortic arch atherosclerosis with left heart factors suggests a causal link. Through the application of exploratory factor analysis, this work contributes to a further understanding of stroke mechanisms in ESUS.

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