scholarly journals Stimulation of Molting on Coconut Crabs (Birgus latro, Linnaeus 1767) with Artificial Feed Enriched Fitoekdisteroid

2019 ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Mufti Abdul Murhum ◽  
Budi Wahono ◽  
Sri Endah Widiyanti
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Formulated Feed ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Coconut Meat ◽  
Fresh Coconut

One of the problems in coconut crab cultivation is its slow growth. Artificial feed can be an alternative in the development of coconut crab cultivation (B. latro). The purpose of this research is to analyze the formula of artificial feed that gives the best stimulation on the growth of coconut crab. Three artificial feed with protein content A (20%), B (25%) and C (27%) and D (fresh coconut meat) as control. During the study, the test crabs were individually maintained in confinement containers that were specially designed to be as comfortable as in nature and not loose out. The results of the study, formulated feed can be eaten by crab test with the highest molting percentage in crab test treated with artificial feed of formula C 100%, followed by treatment A or B each 75% and D 25%. In conclusion that the feed made can be eaten and allegedly able to induce molting in coconut crabs.

Stimulation of mucosal growth by a dietary amine

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (4) ◽  
pp. G352-G356 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Dembinski ◽  
T. Yamaguchi ◽  
L. R. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Serum Gastrin ◽  
Duodenal Mucosa ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Gastrointestinal Mucosa ◽  
Trophic Effect ◽  
Oxyntic Gland ◽  
Mucosal Growth ◽  
Normal Constituent ◽  
Stimulation Of

Nutrients are believed to have a direct trophic effect on the cells of the gastrointestinal mucosa. However, no normal constituent of the diet has ever been shown to stimulate mucosal growth when administered orally. Sham-operated and antrectomized rats were fed 20 g of powdered commercial rat pellets daily or 20 g of food containing dimethylamine (100 mumol/g food). After 7 days rats were killed and growth of the mucosa of the oxyntic gland portion of the stomach and 2-cm segments of duodenum, jejunum, and proximal colon was determined. Antrectomy resulted in significant decreases in the weight and the DNA, RNA, and protein content of all four tissues and serum gastrin levels. Feeding amines abolished the differences in the oxyntic gland and duodenal mucosa. In general, the effect of amines decreased distally. Feeding amines did not significantly alter serum gastrin levels. These data indicate that dietary amines may directly stimulate the growth of gastrointestinal mucosa. These results may explain some of the proximal-to-distal gradients described for the growth of the mucosa.

scholarly journals Stimulation of Na+/H+ exchange is not required for induction of hypertrophy of renal cells in vitro.

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 1124-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Mackovic-Basic ◽  
L G Fine ◽  
J T Norman ◽  
E J Cragoe ◽  
I Kurtz
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Renal Cells ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Mutant Cells ◽  
Stimulation Of

Hypertrophy of renal proximal tubular cells is associated with an early increase in Na+/H+ antiport activity both in vivo and in vitro. The purpose of the study presented here was to determine whether functioning Na+/H+ antiport activity is required for hypertrophy to occur. LLC-PK1 cells deficient in Na+/H+ antiport activity were prepared by the "proton-suicide" method. Mutant cells had 28 to 40% of the normal Na+/H+ antiport activity. The addition of 50 nM methylisobutylamiloride to these cells decreased the antiport activity to less than 5% of the control value. In the mutant cells, steady-state intracellular pH was normal as was the protein content. After exposure of the wild-type cells for 72 h to 10(-6) M insulin and 10(-9) M insulin-like growth factor 1, cell protein content increased significantly. The increase in protein content induced by these growth factors in the mutant cells did not differ significantly from the response of the wild-type cells. Lowering the Na+/H+ exchange further by the addition of methylisobutylamiloride (50 nM) to less than 5% of the control value did not blunt the hypertrophic response in the mutant cells. These studies indicate that hypertrophy can be induced in LLC-PK1 cells by growth factors when basal Na+/H+ antiport activity is reduced to low levels by selective mutation or by competitive inhibition. The results suggest that stimulation of the Na+/H+ antiporter is not an essential prerequisite for the induction of hypertrophy in renal cells.

Does corticosterone affect gastric mucosal cell growth during development?

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (5) ◽  
pp. G633-G638
Author(s):  
C. C. Tseng ◽  
L. R. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Acid Output ◽  
Biological Action ◽  
Mucosal Cell ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Basal Acid ◽  
Oxyntic Gland ◽  
Precocious Development ◽  
Stimulation Of

The effect of corticosterone on the growth of the gastric mucosa was investigated during development. The weight of the mucosa and DNA, RNA, and protein content were used as parameters of growth. The pepsinogen content of the oxyntic gland was examined as an indicator of the biological action of corticosterone on development. Corticosterone-treated animals had lower body weights than control animals on days 10-20. This difference was not seen on day 25. Corticosterone administration during the first and second postnatal weeks induced the precocious appearance of pepsinogen in the oxyntic gland mucosa and increased basal acid output. These effects disappeared by day 25. The weight of the mucosa and DNA, RNA, and protein content of the oxyntic gland and antrum increased with age, but corticosterone had no effect on any of these parameters. We conclude that the induction of precocious development of the gastric mucosa by corticosterone is not due to the stimulation of growth.

scholarly journals TYPHUS FEVER

1932 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Pinkerton ◽  
G. M. Hass
Keyword(s):  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Defence Mechanism ◽  
Good Preservation ◽  
Intracellular Multiplication ◽  
Typhus Fever ◽  
Characteristic Manner ◽  
Stimulation Of

The temperature at which tissue cultures infected with typhus Rickettsiae are incubated has been shown to exert a marked influence on the intracellular multiplication of Rickettsia prowazeki. At 41°C. the organisms were not found in the cultures histologically on and after the 2nd day in vitro, and the cultures were non-virulent on and after the 3rd day in vitro, in spite of good preservation and growth of the cells. At 37.5°C. organisms were absent from the cultures histologically and the cultures were non-virulent on and after the 11th day in vitro, in spite of good preservation and growth of the cells. At 32°C. good but slow growth of cells occurred and organisms were found in increasing numbers histologically up to about the 21st day in vitro. At this time, 50 to 99 per cent (approximately) of the cytoplasmic volume of the cultures was occupied by Rickettsiae. From the 21st day to the 51st day (the limit to which cultures have been carried successfully) this condition of unrestricted multiplication remained practically unchanged. Inoculation of guinea pigs with single cultures after varying lengths of time in vitro, (up to the 51st day) always resulted in reproduction of typhus in a characteristic manner. At 27° the cell growth was negligible, but many cells remained alive for 10 days or more. Organisms were absent from the cultures histologically and the cultures were non-virulent on and after the 18th day in vitro. The only histological preparations showing unrestricted multiplication of the organisms (infection of the majority of the cells present) were of cultures incubated at 32°C. It is believed that the detrimental effect of the higher temperatures (37.5° and 41°C.) on the multiplication of the organism is exerted indirectly, by stimulation of the defence mechanism of the cells.

scholarly journals Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization and Frequency of Cutting on the Yield and Composition of Pangola Grass in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
José Vicente-Chandler ◽  
Jacinto Figarella ◽  
Servando Silva
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Optimum Combination ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Harvest Intervals ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

The effects of nitrogen rates ranging from 0 to 1,600 pounds of N per acre yearly and of 30-, 45-, and 60-day harvest intervals on the yield and composition of Pangola grass were determined for 2 consecutive years. Yields increased sharply with nitrogen fertilization up to the 400-pound level, while protein content increased up to the 1,600-pound level. About two-thirds of the fertilizer nitrogen was recovered in the forage when 400 pounds or less were applied per acre yearly. Efficiency of utilization, in terms of dry matter produced per pound of nitrogen, decreased with increasing rates. Yields and lignin content of the forage increased while the protein content decreased with length of harvest interval. A 45-day harvest interval during seasons of flush growth, and a 60-day interval during the season of slow growth, combined with 400 pounds of nitrogen per acre yearly seems to be the optimum combination. Yields varied widely with season of the year.

Protein prenylation is required for aldosterone-stimulated Na+ transport

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (6) ◽  
pp. C1928-C1935 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Blazer-Yost ◽  
C. L. Hughes ◽  
P. L. Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Mevalonate Pathway ◽  
Cellular Protein ◽  
Protein Methylation ◽  
Na Transport ◽  
Protein Prenylation ◽  
Cellular Protein Content ◽  
Farnesylated Protein ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Natriferic Action

Aldosterone stimulation of transcellular Na+ flux in polarized epithelial cells is dependent on at least one transmethylation reaction, but the substrate of this signaling step is unknown. Because it is clear that the majority of cellular protein methylation occurs in conjunction with protein prenylation, we examined the importance of prenylation to aldosterone-stimulated Na+ transport in the A6 cell line. Lovastatin, an inhibitor of the first committed step of the mevalonate pathway, inhibits the natriferic effect of aldosterone but does not inhibit insulin-stimulated Na+ flux. The addition of a farnesyl group does not appear to be involved in aldosterone's action. Neither alpha-hydroxyfarne-sylphosphonic acid, an inhibitor of farnesyl:protein transferase, nor N-acetyl-S-farnesyl-L-cysteine, an inhibitor of farnesylated protein methylation, inhibits the hormone-induced increase in Na+ transport. In contrast, N-acetyl-S-geranyl-geranyl-L-cysteine, an inhibitor of geranylgeranyl protein methylation, completely abolishes the aldosterone-induced increase in Na+ flux with no effect on insulin-mediated Na+ transport or cellular protein content. These data indicate that methylation of a geranylgeranylated protein is involved in aldosterone's natriferic action.

scholarly journals Comparison of Heavily Fertilized Pangola and Star Grass Pastures in Terms of Beef Production and Carrying Capacity in the Humid Mountain Region of Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-109
Author(s):  
Rubén Caro-Costas ◽  
Fernando Abruña ◽  
José Vicente-Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Mountain Region ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Tropical Area ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Intensively Managed

Intensively managed Star and Pangola grass pastures fertilized with one ton of 14-4-10 per acre yearly were compared in terms of beef production and carrying capacity during a 2-year period in the humid mountain region of Puerto Rico. Star grass produced an average of 1,350 pounds of beef per acre yearly with average daily gains of 1.33 pounds per head, compared to 947 pounds of beef per acre and average daily gains of 1.09 per head for Pangola. Star grass pastures had a carrying capacity equivalent to three 600-pound steers per acre compared to 2.5 for Pangola. Star grass had higher protein and dry matter contents than Pangola throughout the year. Protein content of the forage ranged from 11.3 to 19.6 percent, with highest values occurring during the slow growth of winter months. Both grasses produced lowest yields during the winter months in spite of rainfall in excess of 5 inches monthly during this period. Shorter days and cooler temperatures seem to be primary factors responsible for lower beef production during this season, although these variations are small in this tropical area. Excessive rainfall tended to depress weight gains.

Adenylyl cyclase and G protein receptor kinase expression during development of heart failure

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (2) ◽  
pp. H707-H717 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ping ◽  
T. Anzai ◽  
M. Gao ◽  
H. K. Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Adenylyl Cyclase ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Receptor Kinase ◽  
Protein Receptor ◽  
Mrna Content ◽  
Isoform Expression ◽  
Stimulation Of

We examined alterations in left ventricular (LV) G protein receptor kinase (GRK) and adenylyl cyclase (AC) isoform expression during the development of pacing-induced congestive heart failure (CHF). AC isoform and GRK expression were assessed 4 (mild CHF) and 28 (severe CHF) days after initiation of pacing. LV beta-adrenergic receptor (beta-AR) number and G protein content were unchanged by mild CHF. LV AC isoform mRNA content was unaltered by mild CHF, but there were increases in total GRK activity (P < 0.01), total GRK5 protein content (P < 0.04), and GRK5 mRNA (P = 0.003); total GRK2 protein content and GRK2 mRNA were unchanged. Mild CHF was associated with decreased beta-AR coupling (P < 0.01) and reduced beta-AR stimulation of AC (P < 0.05). Severe CHF was associated with LV beta-AR downregulation (P = 0.0001) and uncoupling (P < 0.001) and marked generalized reduction of AC activity (mean P = 0.01). LV ACVI isoform mRNA content was reduced (P = 0.002), but ACII and ACV isoform mRNA contents were unaffected. Persistent elevations in LV total GRK activity (P < 0.01), total GRK5 protein content (P < 0.001), and GRK5 mRNA (P = 0.01) were found; in contrast, total GRK2 protein content was unchanged and GRK2 mRNA was reduced (P = 0.02). These studies indicate that increased GRK activity is an early charge in heart failure that predates alterations in AC isoform expression. Impaired hormonal stimulation of AC, associated with beta-AR uncoupling, may result from increased GRK5 expression. AC downregulation is isoform specific and accompanies severe but not mild CHF.

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