scholarly journals Evolution of Spanish society socio-cultural values and norms at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries

2017 ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Alexandr Kozhanovsky
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Political Correctness ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Spanish Society ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Ideological Transformation

Spain is one of the European countries where global cultural and ideological transformation - distinctive for the late 20th-early 21st century - has been particularly profound and radical. This led in Spain to the coexistence and confrontation of two different systems of values: the “old”, associated with the usual ideological tenets and the “new” one, liberal and focused on “political correctness”, “tolerance”, “feminism”, etc. The author considers a number of traditional folk festivals in modern Spain from the point of view of different specific situations of the value-ideological confrontation, with its course, results and possible prospects.

The Rise of Paganism and the Far Right in Europe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaarina Aitamurto
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Religious Movements ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
Fertile Ground ◽  
The 19Th Century

Since the end of the 19th century, pagan ideas have inspired some representatives of nationalist, conservative, and far right political ideologies. The idea of a native tradition connected to land and ancestry, as well as the image of organic, hierarchical societies with warrior values, has fascinated conservative thinkers. Paganism as the suppressed other has also served as a symbol for various subversive ideologies. However, the use of pagan symbols, mythology, and imagery in political movements is often superficial. Therefore, it is crucial to distinguish between different forms of paganism. While some appear more unambiguously religious, others can be better described as political, cultural, or philosophical paganism. Having said that, neither contemporary pagan religious movements nor pagan-inspired politics can be understood separately from each other. Ideas, concepts, and individuals move between the two, and they are both shaped by changes in the surrounding society. In the early 21st century, the mainstream pagan religious organizations of many European countries have adopted a generally apolitical and anti-racist stance. However, the rise of xenophobia and far right parties provides fertile ground for the rise of illiberal and exclusivist forms of paganism as well.

scholarly journals DOMESTIC WOMEN’S LITERATURE AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 21st CENTURY. AUTOFICTION – THEORETICAL PROVISIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10(78)) ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Oksana Ozdemir
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Women's Literature ◽  
Literary Form ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Literary Analysis ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Non Fiction ◽  
To Come ◽  
Gerard Genette

The article focuses on the fact that one of the most productive forms of self-identification and representation in domestic women’s prose of the late 20th – early 21st centuries is the literary form of autofiction, which attests the continuation of the traditions of autobiography in the domestic gyneprose to the new level. However, modern autogyneprose mostly positions its openness to the reader, starting from the level of the “external pact” with the recipient, who emerges from the book pages through the conclusion of external pacts with the reader at the level of preface, inner interviews, own photo of writers, etc., which are called to witness openness of the author, clearly outline her image, and to some extent to announce her intentions. That is, the active position of dialogue with the recipient can be traced. This position is also indicated by the creation by the writers of the image of the implicit reader by introducing an internal addressee, that is, an internal pact in the form of a dialogue with the reader throughout the story. The active interaction of the narrator with the reader in women’s prose of the early 21st century also enables the latter to come closer to understanding of their own image, since the heroine of autofiction becomes for the recipient those Others, in the background of whom their own self-identification takes place. However, when it comes to the literary comprehension of these constructs, it should be noted that there is no conception of their analysis in the literary criticism of gynecritical orientation. This is the reason for the practice of using for this purpose of the “masculine” theory of literary analysis of narrative, in particular, the theory of autobiographical pact by Philippe Lejeune and the theory of narrative by Gérard Genette. And yet another complexity of narratological analysis of a text from the point of view of its narrative organization is not only an innovative method of autogyneprose research, but also some innovation in the field of the study of the narrative organization of non-fiction texts in comparison with fiction texts (this applies to both domestic and foreign literary studies). In this regard, the study of the forms of ego-narrative objectification in the autofiction texts by O. Drachkovska, I. Karpa, Ye. Kononenko, S. Povalyaeva and I. Rozdobudko is very relevant.

The Dominicans as Conveyors of Mesoamerican Objects to Italy and Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Domenici
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
European Countries ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Art Collections ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Trace Back ◽  
History Of ◽  
Collection History

It has been customary to trace back to the early shipments sent by the Spanish conquistadors most of the Mesoamerican artefacts held in ancient European collections. Early 21st-century scholarship, however, has demonstrated that Dominican friars such as Domingo de Betanzos (1480–1549) had a key role in bringing indigenous objects from Mexico to Italy during the 16th century. This new understanding allows a rethinking of the ideological motivations that ignited the transatlantic circulation of indigenous artefacts; textual analysis of relevant sources, in fact, reveals that they were observed and understood within a missionary discourse on indigenous ingenuity, rationality, and convertibility. Once in Italy, the objects entered local art collections in Bologna, Rome, Florence, and other Italian cities, where they aroused an antiquarian approach to their study. The investigation of the collection history of these objects, which in some instances ended up in museums in other European countries, shows that our knowledge of many of the most iconic Mesoamerican artworks known today can be traced back to the actions of the Dominican friars.

scholarly journals Study of Handwritten Albums in the National Science in the 19th — Early 21st Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-280
Author(s):  
Aleksandra V. Petrova
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Full Picture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Century Development

The article considers bibliography of study of Russian albums of the 19th — early 21th century. Development of Russian historiography of this topic was uneven. The author consistently describes three main stages in the study of handwritten album: response of contemporaries and public discussions of this phenomenon; the beginning of publication of album texts; introduction of albums to science. The article presents the main directions of academic research. The author considers domestic publications about Russian albums, starting from the first quarter of the 19th century through the beginning of the 21st century. The analysis of the literature on albums was carried out from the point of view of the author’s area of interests (study of the history of autograph albums, their typology and functions), the nature and scope of the objects studied, the main tasks of these works and their methodological principles. The main problem in historiography is development of typology of handwritten albums. The choice of typology as the main subject of analysis is explained by the fact that in general this phenomenon of Russian culture of the late 18th — first quarter of the 20th century was not studied systematically. The author notes that in order to create the full picture of Russian album culture, it is necessary, first of all, to build the typological system. The result of the author’s research is the complete review of publications on Russian handwritten albums published from 1820 to 2016. The author highlights the main typological principles of albums that are typical for different approaches, research schools and directions of study. The article notes that many issues have not been considered until the present moment. The approach to album as a source of history of individual writing and sociocultural behaviour is beyond the study, while the comprehensive analysis of Russian album, writing and signature in it is one of the promising directions of research of the culture of everyday life of the 18th — 20th centuries. The general conclusion of the article focuses on the absence of universal typology in historiography, which the author suggests to present in the following works.

CASE STUDY: Regional Cultural Differences Within and Across Four Western European Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-47
Author(s):  
Nadine Waehning ◽  
Ibrahim Sirkeci ◽  
Stephan Dahl ◽  
Sinan Zeyneloglu
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Business Plans ◽  
Regional Markets ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
Western European

This case study examines and illustrates within country regional cultural differences and cross border cultural similarities across four western European countries. Drawing on the data from the World Values Survey (WVS), we refer to the Schwartz Cultural Values Inventory in the survey. The demographic variables of age, gender, education level, marital status and income vary across the regions and hence, have significant effects on the cultural value dimensions across regions. The findings help a better understanding of the homogeneity and heterogeneity of regions withinand across countries. Both researchers and managers will have to justify their sampling methods and generalisations more carefully when drawing conclusions for a whole country. This case study underlines the limited knowledge about regional within country cultural differences, while also illustrating the simplification of treating each country as culturally homogeneous. Cross-country business strategies connecting transnational regional markets based on cultural value characteristics need to take these similarities and differences into account when designating business plans.

Desecularization as Phenomenon at the Turn of 21st Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
Sergey V.  Lebedev ◽  
Galina N.  Lebedeva
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Islamic Revolution ◽  
Islamic Movement ◽  
The World ◽  
Rational Alternative ◽  
Role Of Religion

In the article the authors note that since the 1970s, with the rise of the Islamic movement and the Islamic revolution in Iran, philosophers and political scientists started to talk about religious renaissance in many regions of the world. In addition, the point at issue is the growing role of religion in society, including European countries that have long ago gone through the process of secularization. The reasons for this phenomenon, regardless of its name, are diverse, but understandable: secular ideologies of the last century failed to explain the existing social problems and give them a rational alternative.

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