scholarly journals Female Labour Force, ICT and Growth Nexus in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Okokondem Okon
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Equal Opportunity ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Girl Child ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
The Relationship

Growth in the labor force is one of the determinants of a nation’s maximum sustainable, or potential, rate of economic expansion. However, in the period of study in this paper, the relationship between women’s participation in the labor force of Nigeria and economic growth is inverse and insignificant. This is attributed to the level of economic development, social norms, education levels, fertility rates and other factors. From policy perspectives therefore educational opportunities for the girl child should be extended to the nooks and crannies of the country so as to enhance socio-economic family planning techniques and methods to reduce the burden of women in the labour force. In the same vein, employers should be encouraged to give all gender equal opportunity and chance to pursue their potentials especially if they have potentials required for a particular job. However, particular attention should be focused on men by enlightening them on the essence of encouraging their spouses on any career they may choose as long as it does not affected the family in any way.

scholarly journals Defamilisation measures and women's labour force participation – a comparative study of twelve countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruby C.M. Chau ◽  
Sam W.K. Yu ◽  
Liam Foster ◽  
Maggie K.W. Lau
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Welfare Regimes ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Relationship

This paper examines the relevance of two interpretations of defamilisation (“freedom of the family” and “freedom of women from the family”) to the search for effective measures for strengthening women's participation in the paid labour market. Based on these two interpretations, two types of defamilisation measures (care-focused and women's economic) are identified. Two defamilisation indices are developed respectively covering twelve countries. The importance of the two types of defamilisation measures in assisting women to access employment are discussed from two angles. The input angle refers to the extent to which countries are committed to the provision of these defamilisation measures. The output angle is about the relationship between these defamilisation measures and the degree of women's participation in the paid labour market. Through conducting these analytical tasks, this paper also contributes to the examination of the relationship between types of welfare regimes and the provision of defamilisation measures.

The third birth in Great Britain

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Wright ◽  
John F. Ermisch ◽  
P. R. Andrew Hinde ◽  
Heather E. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Age At First Birth ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Subsequent Fertility ◽  
Lower Fertility ◽  
Time Varying Covariates ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThe relationship between female labour force participation, and other socioeconomic factors, and the probability of having a third birth is examined, using British data collected in the 1980 Women and Employment Survey, by hazard regression modelling with time-varying covariates. The results demonstrate the strong association between demographic factors, e.g. age at first birth and birth interval and subsequent fertility behaviour. Education appears to have little effect. Surprisingly, women who have spent a higher proportion of time as housewives have a lower risk of having a third birth. This finding is in sharp disagreement with the conventional expectation that cumulative labour force participation supports lower fertility. These findings are briefly compared with similar research carried out in Sweden.

scholarly journals Low Female Labor Force Participation in Pakistan: Causes and Factors

2018 ◽  
Vol III (III) ◽  
pp. 237-264
Author(s):  
Zubaria Andlib ◽  
Aliya H Khan
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Female Labour Force Participation ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
The Individual ◽  
South Asian Region

Pakistan has the lowest Female Labour Force Participation (FLFP) rate in the South Asian region. The study has used the latest round of Labor Force Survey 2014-15 and analyzed the individual and household factors that are associated with low FLFP in Pakistan. This study finds that there is less probability for urban women to take part in labor force activities. At national and regional level higher secondary and above levels of education have positive and significant relationship with FLFP whereas the situation is different for the four provinces of Pakistan. In case of Punjab province graduation and above levels of education are positively affiliated with FLFP, in Sind province higher secondary and above levels of education are positively associated with FLFP, in KPK province, matric and above levels of education are positively influencing FLFP decisions and in Baluchistan province primary and above levels of education are positively influencing women's decisions to participate in labor force activities. Women living in joint family systems, non-migrated, recipient of technical or vocational trainings are also more likely to participate in labor force activities. The study provides useful insights for policy makers to formulate appropriate policies to increase FLFP rate in Pakistan.

scholarly journals The “Family 500+” programme and female labour force participation in Poland. Demographic and economic determinants

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-43
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Bartosik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Business Cycle ◽  
Labour Supply ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Female Labour Supply ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Business Cycle ◽  
The Impact

The paper investigates the effect of child cash benefit “Family 500+” on the female labour supply in Poland, taking into account demographic and cyclical determinants. The study is based on the Labour Force Survey (LFS) and Polish Central Statistical Office quarterly data. The analyses cover the period of 2016–2018. The Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR) is the measure of labour supply. The analysis uses a counterfactual method to determine the impact of demographic and behavioural changes on female labour supply. To identify the causes of the economic inactivity of women (adopted by LFS), decomposition of the growth rate of economically inactive women is applied. The effect of the business cycle on female labour supply is analysed using OLS recursive regression. The study found that the LFPR of women aged 25–44 decreased after 2015. This was related to the cash transfers under the “Family 500+” programme and the increasing number of economically inactive women by reason of “family and household responsibilities”. At the same time, changes in the demographic structure contributed positively to the LFPR of women aged 25–44, while the business cycle did not have a significant impact on it. OLS recursive regression showed that in the 25–44 age group, the introduction of “Family 500+” coincided with changes in the relationships between the LFPR, the percentage of the “discouraged”, economically inactive women by reason of “family responsibilities” and the unemployment rate.

scholarly journals The Profile of Female Labor Force Participation in Malaysia Based on Recursive Partitioning Analyses

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-241
Author(s):  
Abdul Hadi Alias ◽  
Abdul Hadi Alias ◽  
Zamira Hasanah Zamzuri ◽  
Nur Riza Mohd Suradi ◽  
Nur Riza Mohd Suradi
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Recursive Partitioning ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Bachelor's Degree ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Using Data

In determining the level of the Malaysian economy, one of the factors contributing to the economic development of the country is the availability of labour. Studies on the availability of female labour force by identifying female profiles in labor force participation were made using data from Labour Force Survey (LFS), Malaysia for reference year 1990, 2000, 2010 and the latest 2018. Referring to the latest year 2018, the recursive partitioning (RP) technique showed that four subgroup profiles of working women have been created equal to 12%, 43%, 57% and 78%, respectively (percentage of working women at the four subgroups). Majority of the working women are identified in the group of aged 20-59 and the highest certificate obtain was tertiary education (Certificate, Diploma and Bachelor’s Degree) with 78%. Comparison between year 2018 with others reference year, there was a difference in the profile of working women whose working age had increased from 54 to 59 years. There is also a difference in the highest qualification obtained from obtaining only UPSR or SRP qualification in year 1990 to Diploma and Bachelor’s degree certificate in year 2018. Therefore, efforts need to be enhanced by providing initiatives for this group so that those who are in this group or will join this group later will be motivated to join labour market.

scholarly journals How Do Women Decide to Work in Pakistan?

2002 ◽  
Vol 41 (4II) ◽  
pp. 495-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zareen F. Naqvi ◽  
Lubna Shahnaz
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Total Labour

The incidence of women labour force participation is very low in Pakistan. According to the Labour Force Survey, 1999-2000 female participation rate was merely 14 percent of the total labour force. Even though average annual growth rate of female labour force participation has been increasing slightly in Pakistan; it was 4 percent in 1980-99 and has gone up to 5.1 percent during 1995-98,1 however, this rate is still very low as compared to the other South Asian countries—42 percent in Bangladesh, 41 percent in Nepal, 32 percent in India and Bhutan, 37 percent in Sri Lanka [World Bank (2002)]. This paper is an attempt to identify household related factors that lead to women participation in the economic activities. This issue has been taken up in a number of other studies.2 The innovative aspect of this paper is that it relates women’s decision to participate in economic activities with their empowerment—who makes the decision to participate in the labour force—whether it is the women themselves or others. We would like to state at the very onset that this paper is a first cut to explore the issues of women’s participation in economic activities and their and empowerment. We hope to get feedback in the conference to improve the technical aspects of this paper and explore other aspects of this issue.

Does Vocational Training Promote Female Labour Force Participation? An Analysis for India

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-173
Author(s):  
Indrajit Bairagya ◽  
Tulika Bhattacharya ◽  
Pragati Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Training ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Female Labour Force Participation ◽  
Jel Codes ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of the article is to assess the impact of formal and informal vocational training on female labour force participation in India, based on the Periodic Labour Force Survey data for 2017–2018, employing a trivariate probit model. Results show that participation both in formal and informal vocational training has a positive and statistically significant impact on female labour force participation across all specifications of the regression models, thus showing the robustness of the relationship. Most importantly, the provision of vocational training helps break the traditional U-shaped relationship between female labour force participation and educational levels. However, the fact that the percentage of formal vocational training holders is much lower than that of informal vocational training holders and that it varies among males and females, points to the need for special policy attention on the promotion of female participation in formal vocational training on a large scale. JEL Codes: J21, J24, J71

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