IMPACT OF OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF PAKISTAN

This research paper aims to find out the relationship between Official Development Assistance and sustainable development in Pakistan. Time series data was taken for the period of 42 years (1976 -2017). Sustainable Development is a dependent variable for which proxy variable of Adjusted Net Savings has been deployed. ODA (% of GNI), Inflation, Per Capita GDP and Trade (GDP %) have been used as explanatory variables. Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test has been applied to examine the nature of the data as time series data may contain unit root problems. ADF test confirms mixed order of integration for the selected variables, hence Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Approach was applied to find out the long-run relationship among the considered variables. Estimation of Error Correction Regression resulted in a significant long-run relationship between ODA and Sustainable Development. ECM Regression also signifies the negative and significant value of the speed of adjustment term confirming that the model is stable and convergent towards the equilibrium. Overall results of this study confirm a positive and highly significant relationship between ODA and the measure of sustainable development in Pakistan. Therefore it is recommended that attention should be given to drawing on foreign assistance and it should be subject to the transparent and efficient practices applied in the Aid Allocation. It significantly improves the overall welfare of Pakistan.

EVALUATION OF PATIENTS’ SATISFACTION IN TELEMEDICINE SERVICE QUALITY: A CASE STUDY ON MAIZBHANDERI FOUNDATION, FATIKCHARI, BANGLADESH

Telemedicine provides healthcare services to the patients through the adaptation of a telecommunication system, as opposed to the face-to-face conventional way of visiting a hospital and doctor's chamber. In the new-normal situation during COVID 19, telemedicine is a new way forward in the absence of conventional appointments with doctors to ensure regular health services. It is important to evaluate patients' satisfaction with service qualities and their perception of telemedicine service. The study proposed a conceptual framework based on the e-SERVQUAL model and TAM model to evaluate the service qualities and customers' satisfaction. Data has been collected through a telephone questionnaire survey from the patients through the psychiatric department who have received healthcare services provided by Maizbhanderi Foundation. Data has been analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 23 according to the patients’ responses on the service qualities including responsiveness, reliability, information quality, empathy, ease of use, perceived usefulness, and their satisfaction with the telemedicine service. The study used Spearman Rank Co-relation to evaluate the co-relation of service qualities with customer satisfaction following the conceptual framework of the study. The result shows a positive co-relation of service qualities with customers’ satisfaction. The study will help to determine the customers' satisfaction with service qualities using technology.

DIFFERENCES IN EXCLUSIONARY DISCIPLINE CONSEQUENCE ASSIGNMENT BY THE ECONOMIC STATUS OF BLACK STUDENTS DETERMINED TO BE AT-RISK: A TEXAS, STATEWIDE ANALYSIS

This study was conducted to determine the degree to which economic status was related to Discipline Alternative Education Program placement assignments for Grades 8 and 9 Black boys and Black girls who were at-risk during the 2017-2018 school year. Inferential statistical analyses of Texas statewide data revealed the presence of statistically significant differences in the number of Discipline Alternative Education Program placement assignments by the economic status of Black boys and Black girls at both grade levels. Grades 8 and 9 Black boys and girls who were at-risk and who were economically disadvantaged were assigned to statistically significantly more of these exclusionary discipline consequences than their counterparts who were not economically disadvantaged. Grade 8 Black boys who were economically disadvantaged were assigned to these exclusionary discipline consequences two times more often than Grade 8 Black boys who were not economically disadvantaged. Grade 8 Black girls who were economically disadvantaged were assigned to these exclusionary discipline consequences two-thirds more often than Grade 8 Black girls who were not economically disadvantaged. Grade 9 Black boys and Black girls who were economically disadvantaged were assigned these exclusionary discipline consequences one-third more often than their non-economically disadvantaged peers. Implications and recommendations for future research were discussed.

SOCIAL AWARENESS AND CREATIVITY ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM THROUGH E-LEARNING PLATFORM: A CASE OF MAIZBHANDER FOUNDATION'S MEDDHABIKASH PROGRAM, FATIKCHARI, BANGLADESH

Due to the pandemic situation, the whole world is in turmoil. The educational activities are being conducted via an e-Platform in Bangladesh. Social awareness and creativity enhancement Programs have also been limited from the wide range of conventional mode to virtual mode. In the meantime, many Social organizations and educational institutions have failed to manage their regular activities due to lack of technological support. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the success of social awareness and creativity enhancement programs through the e-Learning platform. In order to measure the success of the program a quasi-experimental research design has been applied. In order to collect data, a well-structured creativity, and awareness scale has been adapted. A questionnaire has been administered twice with the same sample. Once before the program offered and again after their participation in the program. The test-retest reliability of the scale would also check with a minimum of α=.80. Therefore, the findings of the research will show how much the effectiveness of those activities increased. This study will assist the social workers, teachers, students and concerned authority in operating creativity enhancement related co-curricular and non-credited program through self-regulated distance learning in a developing country.

IS THE REINHART-ROGOFF DEBT THRESHOLD APPLICABLE TO ITALY?

This paper employs an extended production function to examine the relationship between central government debt and economic growth in Italy. The results show that the threshold of the central government debt ratio for Italy is estimated to be 105.00%, which is greater than the 90% debt threshold proposed by Reinhart and Rogoff. Besides, a higher growth rate of labor employment or investment/GDP ratio would raise the growth rate. Hence, the debt threshold proposed by Reinhart-Rogoff underestimates the debt threshold for Italy. The finding suggests that the debt ratio of 131.09% in 2019 is well above the debt threshold and is likely to be unsustainable.

HOW SELF-CONTROL IMPACT’S ON HAPPINESS AND SATISFACTION WITH LIFE WITH MODERATING ROLE OF LOCUS OF CONTROL

Self-control is by all explanations a basic worth affecting how others see us and how we see ourselves. The basic aim of the study is to elaborate the vice versa relationship among the factor to test whether certain psychological variable which increases the satisfaction with life. Component of happiness with the influence of locus of control is correlated with each other which is we find in this research. The participants in the study were 307 students of the different institutes who fill questionnaires through snowball sampling. This had a significant huge relationship with the locus of control. In this study, we use a different technique to find the relationship with data. Firstly we test the reliability of the questionnaire which is used by the different researcher in their research article after this we find the correlation which shows the positive result among the variable. Subsequently, MANOVA and other test were applied in this research to emphasize how self-control plays a major role to enhance the level of happiness which discovered the true meaning of satisfaction. This study recommended that if students and people are good at self-control elements in different situations then they will be happier and satisfied with their life. Moreover, the investigation uncovered that self-control has emphatically corresponded with Happiness, regularity feeling, and satisfaction with life. Research on happiness has caused it conceivable to better comprehend human behaviour in different parts of life.

THE IMPACT OF COVID -19 PANDEMIC ON THE ECONOMIC GROWTH IN BANGLADESH: A CONCEPTUAL REVIEW

Since the outburst of Covid-19 in China, the world economy is passing in a turmoil situation. Undeniably the economy of Bangladesh is also grappled by the severe public health crisis of the Covid-19. As the public health emergency is heavily interconnected with economic affairs, it has impacted each of the pillars of the economy of Bangladesh. The main purpose of this paper is to make evaluations of the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economy of Bangladesh. This study is based on an empirical review of the recent study works, reports, working papers of home, and abroad regarding economic crisis. The review findings of the paper revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic have significant impacts on the different indicators of the economy of Bangladesh especially, Readymade Garments Sector, Foreign Remittance, Bank and Financial Institutions, Food and Agricultures, Local Trade, Foreign Trade (Export and Import), GDP (Gross Domestic Product), SDGs (Sustainable Development Goal), Government Revenue and Employment etc. This study suggested that as Covid-19 still surfacing all over the world so some steps should be ensured by the government agencies of Bangladesh to mitigate possible threats for the economy.

E-Government Development & Digital Economy: Relationship

The main objective of this examine is to explore the elements that influencing the digital economic system and E-government courting. Commonly, the examiner is to analyze the impact of demographic variables are gender and schooling stage; as well as digital infrastructure, virtual readiness, virtual content material, and offerings on the digital economy in Malaysia. A minimum overall of 384 questionnaires could be disbursed to the goal respondents to collect the sample information. Four hypotheses helping to the developed to survey the particular targets of the examiner. Demographic variables expected to have a high-quality enormous relationship with the virtual financial system. Last however now not least, the findings of the look at shall offer statistics to E-government to understand what factors will affect the virtual economic system. Except, it shall additionally provide useful information for E-government to higher fit their people’s needs. The elements decided to boom high-quality dating among E-government and virtual financial system in Malaysia.

Impact of Choppies Enterprise in Southern Africa: An Exploratory Study on Strategic Management Perspective

Organizations nowadays are increasingly impacting in using strategic management to improve their performance; this study has mainly focused on the impact of strategic management on the performance of Choppies Enterprises. Choppies Enterprise Botswana-based Choppies is an investment holding company operating in the retail sector across sub-Saharan Africa. Its operations are food and general merchandise retailing as well as financial services transactions supported by centralized distribution channels, through distribution centers and logistical support assets in Botswana, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Kenya, and Zambia. This study focused on the strategic management of Choppies Enterprises. The main research problem was to make an in-depth analysis of its competitive strategy and how to implement it. The main research method was qualitative research by analyzing their company data, annual reports, and making interviews with the manager, staff, and customers in Botswana shops. The result shows a clear image of the process of strategic management by Choppies' case. Some recommendations made for Choppies help to improve their sustainable developments and support a vivid example for many companies. In the theoretical part, it described the definition, process, benefit, and challenge of strategic management. In the practical part, an exhaustive analysis of the company's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats was made by using the detailed figures.