Epidemiological and Morphological Characteristics of Urothelial Bladder Cancer in a Bulgarian and a French Sample of Patients

Bladder carcinoma (BC) is one of the most common malignancies of the urinary system in developed countries, and it is also characterized by a high number of recurrences and progression rates despite multimodal treatment. BC is a biological and clinically heterogeneous tumor with a great propensity of divergent differentiation. Around the world, bladder cancer is responsible for 549.000 new cases и 200.000 deaths each year. In Bulgaria, bladder carcinoma is the 18th most common neoplasia. Our results on 105 proven bladder carcinoma cases confirmed that this tumor arises at 70 years at average (60-90 years), it affects men predominantly and there was no difference regarding the nationality of patients. In conclusion, it remains a diagnostic challenge.

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Histologic variants of urothelial bladder cancer and nonurothelial histology in bladder cancer

Canadian Urological Association Journal ◽

10.5489/cuaj.1195 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (6-S4) ◽

pp. 193 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Venu Chalasani ◽

Joseph L. Chin ◽

Jonathan I. Izawa

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Bladder Cancer ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Urothelial Cancer ◽

Small Cell ◽

Urothelial Bladder Cancer ◽

Divergent Differentiation ◽

Urothelial Bladder ◽

Worse Prognosis

Bladder cancer can be classified histologically as urothelial ornon-urothelial. Urothelial cancer has a propensity for divergentdifferentiation, which has increasingly been recognized in recentyears due to heightened awareness and improved immunohistochemistrytechniques. Furthermore, the recent World HealthOrganization classification of urothelial cancers improved clarityon this issue, with its listing of 13 histologic variants of urothelialcancer. The divergent differentiation patterns include, amongstothers, squamous, glandular, micropapillary, nested, lymphepithelioma-like, plasmacytoid and sarcomatoid variants of urothelialcancer. Attempts to quantify the amount of divergent differentiationpresent, such as using the nonconventional differentiationnumber, have been made recently, which will improve the abilityto compare publications from different centres. Genetic-basedstudies have indicated that the histologic variants of urothelialcancer arise from a common clonal precursor. Mostly, the currentevidence suggests that urothelial cancer with divergent differentiationhas a worse prognosis when compared with pure urothelialcancer. This article will review the current literature on varianthistologies of urothelial cancer, and well as new developmentsin pure squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma and adenocarcinomaof the bladder.

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Diagnosis and treatment in primary bladder small cell carcinoma: Literature review

Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia ◽

10.4081/aiua.2016.1.52 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 88 (1) ◽

pp. 52 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Orcun Celik ◽

Gokhan Ekin ◽

Tumay Ipekci ◽

Salih Budak ◽

Yusuf Ozlem Ilbey

Keyword(s):

Bladder Cancer ◽

Bladder Carcinoma ◽

Treatment Algorithm ◽

Small Cell ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Urothelial Bladder Cancer ◽

Fatal Disease ◽

Urothelial Bladder ◽

Primary Bladder ◽

Worse Prognosis

Small cell bladder carcinoma is a rare and frequently fatal disease. It can be distinguished from classical urothelial carcinoma microscopically and immunohistochemically. Small cell bladder carcinoma has histologically similar properties with other small cell carcinomas in other organs. It has a worse prognosis when compared to urothelial bladder cancer. Multimodal treatments are recommended although there is no widely accepted consensus regarding to the treatment algorithm because of its rarity. In this review, clinical properties and diagnosis of small cell bladder carcinoma, its histopathological and immunohistochemical properties and treatment modalities are examined.

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Prognostic Impact of Canonical TGF-β Signaling in Urothelial Bladder Cancer

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina55060302 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 55 (6) ◽

pp. 302 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Stojnev ◽

Krstić ◽

Čukuranović Kokoris ◽

Conić ◽

Petković ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bladder Cancer ◽

Tumor Grade ◽

Disease Assessment ◽

Prognostic Impact ◽

Urothelial Bladder Cancer ◽

Smad4 Expression ◽

Divergent Differentiation ◽

Urothelial Bladder ◽

Tgf Β1

Background and objectives: Dysregulation of TGF-β signaling plays multiple roles in cancer development and progression. In the canonical TGF-β pathway, TGF-β regulates the expression of hundreds of target genes via interaction with Smads, signal transducers and transcriptional modulators. We evaluated the association of TGF-β1, Smad2, and Smad4, the key components of canonical TGFβ pathway, with clinicopathologic characteristics of urothelial bladder cancer, and assessed their prognostic value in prediction of patients’ outcome. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemical analysis of TGF-β1, Smad2, and Smad4 expression was performed on 404 urothelial bladder cancer samples, incorporated in tissue microarrays. Expression status was correlated with clinicopathological and follow-up data. The median follow-up was 61 months. Results: High expression of TGF-β1, Smad2, and Smad4 was detected in 68.1%, 31.7% and 45.2% of the tumors, respectively. TGF-β1 overexpression was significantly associated with high tumor grade, and advanced pathologic stage (p < 0.001, respectively). Conversely, high Smad2 and Smad4 expression was linked to low tumor grade (p = 0,003, p = 0.048, respectively), and low tumor stage (p < 0.001, p = 0.003, respectively). Smad2 showed an inverse correlation with variant morphology and divergent differentiation of urothelial tumors (p = 0.014). High TGF-β1 correlated directly, while Smad2 and Smad4 correlated inversely to cancer-specific death (p = 0.043, p = 0.003, and p = 0.022, respectively). There was a strong relationship between Smad2 and Smad4 expression (p < 0.001). Survival analyses showed that high Smad2 and Smad4 expression was associated with longer overall survival (p = 0.003, p = 0.034, respectively), while in multivariate regression analysis TGF-β1 manifested as an independent predictor of poor outcome. Conclusions: Unraveling the complex roles and significance of TGF-β signaling in urothelial bladder cancer might have important implications for therapy of this disease. Assessment of TGF-β pathway status in patients with urothelial bladder cancer may provide useful prognostic information, and identify patients that could have the most benefit from therapy targeting TGF-β signaling cascade.

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Study Results of the 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate Content in Erythrocytes of Patients with Malignant Neoplasm Anemia in Genitourinary Organs Cancer

Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini bìologìï ta sportu ◽

10.26693/jmbs06.05.151 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

pp. 151-157

Author(s):

D. A. Borysenko ◽

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Bladder Cancer ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Malignant Neoplasm ◽

Underlying Disease ◽

Observation Group ◽

Urothelial Bladder Cancer ◽

Peripheral Venous Blood ◽

The World ◽

Urothelial Bladder

Every year, more than 6 million people are diagnosed with and more than 4 million people die from cancer all over the world, which is approximately 10% of the total mortality. The incidence of cancer in Ukraine shows a gradual increase, with the number of newly diagnosed patients 304-308 per 100 thousand people. Bladder cancer ranks second in the world among oncological diseases of the urinary system after prostate cancer. In the later stages of diseases, their course may be associated with malignant neoplasm anemia. The purpose of the study was to study the content of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in erythrocytes of peripheral venous blood of patients with malignant neoplasm anemia with urothelial bladder cancer and prostate cancer, depending on the severity of anemia; to evaluate the possible diagnostic and prognostic value of the studied indicator. Materials and methods. 96 patients (64 men and 32 women) with urothelial bladder cancer were examined. There were 39 patients (28 men and 11 women) among them, the course of their underlying disease was not accompanied by the presence of anemia (first (I) observation group) and 57 patients (36 men and 21 women), the course of their underlying disease was aggravated by malignant neoplasm anemia (second (II) observation group). Also, 48 men with prostate cancer whose course of the disease was not aggravated by malignant neoplasm anemia (19 men) (third (III) observation group) and 29 men (fourth (IV) observation group) were diagnosed with malignant neoplasm anemia. The age of the patients under the survey was from 22 to 79 years old. All patients were examined after verifying the diagnosis and before starting any treatment. The content of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in erythrocytes of peripheral venous blood was determined by the method of I. S. Luganova, M. N. Blinov (1975). Results and discussion. The content of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in peripheral venous erythrocytes of patients with malignant neoplasm anemia due to urothelial bladder cancer and prostate cancer has been studied. It was found that malignant neoplasm anemia in patients with urothelial bladder cancer and prostate cancer is associated with an increase in the studied indicator (p<0.05). The article discusses the possible causes and pathogenetic mechanisms of the identified changes. Conclusion. Patients with urothelial bladder cancer and prostate cancer have an imbalance of energy metabolism that occurs in erythrocytes. This process is manifested by an increase in the amount of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate

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Human urothelial bladder cancer generates a clonal immune response: The results of T-cell receptor sequencing

immuneACCESS ◽

10.21417/as2019uo ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

A Sankin ◽

D Chand ◽

M Schoenberg ◽

X Zang

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Bladder Cancer ◽

T Cell ◽

T Cell Receptor ◽

Cell Receptor ◽

Urothelial Bladder Cancer ◽

Urothelial Bladder

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Complications of intravesical BCG therapy in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: our tertiary care centre experience

African Journal of Urology ◽

10.1186/s12301-020-00099-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Vivek Sharma ◽

Avinash P. S. Thakur ◽

Vasantharaja Ramasamy ◽

Pushpendra Kumar Shukla ◽

Fanindra Singh Solanki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bladder Cancer ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Bladder Carcinoma ◽

Bladder Tumour ◽

The Body ◽

Bcg Therapy ◽

Intravesical Bcg ◽

Urothelial Bladder ◽

Muscle Invasive ◽

Intravesical Bcg Therapy

Abstract Background Urothelial bladder carcinoma accounts for around 3.9% cases of all the male cancers in India. Non-muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma (NMIBC) is predominant group which constitute approximately three fourth of the urothelial bladder cancer. Intravesical BCG immunotherapy is the corner stone of today’s NMIBC management. However, as with any other therapy it has its own complications and its interruption due to these adverse effects is a major cause of suboptimal efficacy. The aim of this study was to assess the complications of intravesical BCG therapy and their management in NMIBC patients. Methods This was a retrospective descriptive study conducted between October 2016 and November 2019; a backward review of 149 patients with diagnosis of NMIBC that undergone intravesicle BCG therapy was performed. Patient’s demographical, clinical, diagnostic and procedural data regarding bladder tumour, BCG therapy, its complications and management were collected and analysed. Results Total 149 patients were analysed, comprising 116 males and 33 females. The mean age was of 57.2 ± 6.7 years. Total 85.23% were primary and 14.76% were recurrent tumours. Total 96 patients (64.42%) completed the planned course, while 53 (35.57%) interrupted. The reasons for BCG interruption includes adverse effects (15.4%), progression of disease (6.7%), disease refractory to BCG (4.6%) and disease recurrence during BCG (3.3%). Most of the adverse events occurred in first 6 months and most interruptions occurred after the induction period. Cystitis was the most common observed adverse effect seen in 39.6% patients. Frequency, urgency, haematuria were common presentation. Radical cystectomy was the most common (16.10%) further treatment with patients whose treatment was interrupted. Conclusion BCG is an indispensable therapy available for NMIBC, but it is associated with array of adverse effects and complications, which are the main reasons for poor compliance to BCG therapy. Although BCG-related complications can affect any organ in the body, potentially life-threatening systemic BCG-related infections are encountered in only < 5% of patients. There are some difficulties in diagnosis of the BCG complications because acid-fast staining, culture and PCR test are not always positive; tissue biopsies should be indicated sometimes to evaluate histopathology and presence of M. bovis. A persistently monitored multidisciplinary approach with high index of suspicion and prompt anti-TB therapy can help to derive the maximum benefits while keeping the complications at check.

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