scholarly journals Museums as Landscape Activists

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-26
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Jagodzińska
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Second World War ◽  
City Management ◽  
World War ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Second World ◽  
Point Of Reference

The article discusses the issue of the “extended museum”, raising questions about how museums become active actors in current topical discussions on the shape of cities, what their role is in the processes of city management and how this engagement in external spaces affects the overall mission of museums. The point of reference is the ICOM Resolution on the responsibility of museums towards landscape adopted in 2016, which offered museums legitimacy in taking actions with regard to their environment, beyond museum walls. On the grounds of four case studies of Polish museums I present strategies whereby relations between the museum, authorities and communities are negotiated (regarding the protection of post-industrial and Second World War heritage, the contextualisation of socialist heritage and the struggle for greenery).

The Churchill Syndrome

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-102
Author(s):  
Steven Fielding ◽  
Bill Schwarz ◽  
Richard Toye
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
The European Union ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Complex Figure ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Second World ◽  
Point Of Reference

This chapter focuses on the way in which political actors of different stripes have used the idea of Churchill as a means of self-validation. It explores how, in the decades after his death, Churchill became a key point of reference in Anglo-American relations, a theme which intensified after the terrorist attacks of 9/11. The chapter also examines how Churchill has been used by those on both sides of the long-running debate about British membership of the European Union. Although Remainers invoked the memory of the 1946 ‘United States of Europe’ speech, they struggled to sell Churchill as a complex figure who was prepared to make concessions on British sovereignty in the interests of future peace. The ingrained, bulldog image remained hegemonic—even though Churchill’s popular reputation had shifted in subtle but significant ways since the end of the Second World War.

Enlarging Yugoslavia: Tito's Quest for Expansion, 1945–1948

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Niebuhr
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
World War ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Second World ◽  
Over Time

When Yugoslav strongman Josip Broz Tito secured power at the end of the Second World War, he had envisioned for himself a new Yugoslavia that would serve as the center of power for the Balkan Peninsula. First, he worked to ensure a Yugoslav presence in the Trieste region of Italy and southern Austria as a way to gain territory inhabited by Slovenes and Croats; meanwhile, his other foreign policy escapades sought to make Yugoslavia into a major European power. To that end, Yugoslav agents quickly worked to synchronize the Albanian socio-economic and political systems through their support of Albanian Partisans and only grew emboldened over time. As allies who proved themselves in the fight against fascism, Yugoslav policymakers felt able to act with impunity throughout the early post-Cold War period. The goal of this article is to highlight this early foreign policy by focusing on three case studies – Trieste, Carinthia, and Albania – as part of an effort to reinforce the established argument over Tito's quest for power in the early Cold War period.

scholarly journals Foreign Literature in Fascist Italy: Circulation and Censorship

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Dunnett
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The State ◽  
John Steinbeck ◽  
World War ◽  
Foreign Literature ◽  
Historical Contextualisation ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Way

Abstract In this article the author sets out to illustrate some of the strategies which Italian translators and publishers adopted, or were forced to adopt, to ensure that their texts passed muster under Fascism. “Taboo” areas are identified and an attempt is made to sketch out what were often rather vague criteria for acceptability. The author proceeds to survey the mechanisms that were put in place to vet books—essentially, preventive censorship and police confiscation—for the duration of the dictatorship. It is argued that the apparatus of the State was only partially successful at monitoring the content of works of literature. This historical contextualisation, drawing on archival and published material, is followed by a number of case-studies, first of three novels by John Steinbeck, and then of Americana, a famous anthology of American literature published during the Second World War. In her conclusion, the author draws attention to the failure of the regime to implement a watertight policy on translation, despite its desire to influence the way readers interpreted books.

Tracing the Relational Internationalist Perspective in Europe After the Second World War

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxana Banu
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
World War ◽  
Analytical Point ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Second World ◽  
Point Of Reference

This chapter describes the internationalist thinking in private international law after the Second World War and the extent to which internationalist scholars of this period took the individual or the state as the analytical point of reference. It shows how, around the middle of the twentieth century, Henri Batiffol in France and Gerhard Kegel in Germany reawakened an interest in theoretical discussions around the justice dimensions of private international law, while also attempting to repurpose and validate private international law methodology and techniques. Furthermore, this chapter provides an in-depth reading of English private international law scholarship after the Second World War in order to show how English scholars tried to reconstruct private international law theories focused on vested rights as human rights theories.

Narratives of democracy in post-war France

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip G Nord
Keyword(s):  
Third Republic ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Civilizing Mission ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Founding Member ◽  
Globalizing World ◽  
Post War ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Second World

Loyalists of France’s Third Republic presented the regime as heir to France’s revolutionary tradition and as such the bearer of a set of undying principles: liberty, equality, and fraternity. This narrative came under crippling pressure in the 20th century, and in the aftermath of the Second World War, a new set of narratives began to crystallize that rethought the meaning of republican democracy. Under the Third Republic, it was the venerable Parti Radical, dating back to Dreyfusard days, that had been the mainstay of the democratic idea, but in the Liberation era, the party was sidelined, and successors emerged, Socialist and Christian-democratic, which tendered new visions of democracy’s future. The place of the State in French life was also reconsidered. It ceased to be an object of democratic suspicion but came to be seen rather as an indispensable vehicle for effecting the nation’s reconstruction. France’s place in the world came in for a major rethinking at the same time. The nation remained as ever the bearer of the democratic idea, but it now expressed that commitment as a European power and not an imperial one, as a founding member of a brotherhood of democracies and not as a unilateral actor propelled by a self-appointed civilizing mission. In today’s post-colonial, post-industrial, and globalizing world, however, these narratives no longer have the same purchase as in decades past.

‘But is it possible to live in such a motley setting?’ The modernist interior in Britain

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-120
Author(s):  
Daniel Moore
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Art And Design ◽  
British Home ◽  
Second World

This chapter details the encounters between modernist art and design and the British home. Using a range of case studies – in particular the Omega Workshops, the Isokon building in Hampstead and the activities of the Design Industries Association and Council for Art in Industry – it explores the reception of modernist home design and decoration in Britain in the decades before the Second World War. In particular, it discusses the rise of modernist design and decoration institutions, and charts their development and organisation.

scholarly journals Requirements, Qualities and Solutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 130-143
Author(s):  
Erzsébet Urbán
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Vatican Ii ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
World War ◽  
Artistic Quality ◽  
Second World ◽  
Close Parallelism

After the Second World War the ecclesiastical property was drastically reduced in Hungary. However, Vatican II gave an intense motivation and impulse to the spiritual-psychical revival for the communities and by this time, the preservation of the religious heritage got some statal, professional attention too. The restoration or reconstruction works were often linked with the acute interior transformations according to Vatican II. Although the Hungarian publication and interpretation of the reforms were relatively slow, still a few essential informative discussions were born. The Venice Charter (1964) also had a significant effect on the monument preservation methodology in this period. Analysing the theoretical approach of the Vatican II Constitution and Instruction a close parallelism can be identified with the architectural aspects of the Venice Charter: respect the old parts with the obviously distinguishable, new supplements, and create modern artworks with high artistic quality. The end of the paper cites some brief case studies to present the practical implementation of the directives.

Architecture, Memory, and the Archive

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Giannachi
Keyword(s):  
Human Computer Interaction ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Mixed Reality ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
World War ◽  
Embodied Simulation ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Second World

This Chapter draws on literature on memory and history to analyze how the archive operates as a memory laboratory facilitating the (re-)creation and transmission of different types of memories, from personal to collective, from primary to secondary. Drawing from literature on Embodied Simulation Theory, the Chapter also shows that archives can give us direct access to the world of others. Crucially, the Chapter shows that after the Second World War we have become increasingly aware of our roles as witnesses. A temporal framework based on literature drawn from anthropology, geography and human computer interaction on mapping and map-making is then used to facilitate the design of mixed reality environments. The case studies for this chapter include The Jewish Museum in Berlin; the archiving tool CloudPad; and the trail building tool Placeify.

scholarly journals Wives of Secret Agents: Spyscapes of the Second World War and Female Agency

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-207
Author(s):  
Claire Hubbard-Hall ◽  
Adrian O’Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Social History ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
World War ◽  
Female Agency ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Second World

Few existing archival records or secondary sources appear to narrate or describe the circumstances, relationships, and activities of “spy wives” during the Second World War. Intelligence historians currently find themselves at a turning point, where new approaches to the writing of intelligence history have been called for that transcend the study of operations and policy, while drawing when necessary upon the methodologies of such adjacent disciplines as social history and historical geoinformatics. It is therefore surely appropriate to conduct an examination of the hitherto neglected social phenomenon of female agency in the “spyscape” of wartime British and German covert operations. Through an examination of case studies of individual wives of intelligence operatives, constructed on the basis of information gathered from scattered primary and secondary sources, it is possible to assemble and analyse a wide, highly differentiated range of gender relationships at the intersection of the manifest and secret worlds.

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