Evaluation of Broadleaf Weeds Control with Selectivity of Post-Emergence Herbicides in Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.)

The reduction of herbicide applications is a main research priority in recent years. In order to study the effect of individual post-emergence application of sugar beet broad-leaf herbicides at four to six true-leaf stage of weeds, experiments were conducted during 2013. Treatments included untreated control and several rates of desmedipham + phenmedipham + ethofumesate, chloridazon and clopyralid on Portulaca oleracea, Solanum nigrum, Amaranthus retroflexus and Chenopodium album. A completely randomized layout with three replications was used for each herbicide. Three weeks after spraying (WAS), plants were harvested and measured their dry weight. These herbicides were more effective to control Portulaca oleracea than other weeds, thereupon minimum dose required for a satisfactory efficacy of 90% reduction of Portulaca oleracea aboveground dry matter (ED90) were 299.22, 1138.31 and 129.44 g a.i ha-1 of desmedipham + phenmedipham + ethofumesate, chloridazon and clopyralid, respectively. Solanum nigrum was more affected by clopyralid application (132.40 g a.i ha-1), and did not make significant difference in Portulaca oleracea. Chloridazon had lower effect for control of Chenopodium album due to existence of powdery covering on abaxial side of the leaves. Biomass ED50 or ED90, based on log-logistic dose–response curves, for Chenopodium album was considerably higher than other species. These results showed that tank mixtures with other herbicides may be required for satisfactory weed control and reduction in applied herbicides doses.

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Adjuvants to Improve Phenmedipham + Desmedipham + Ethofumesate Efficacy Against Weeds in Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris)

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582019370100021 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 ◽

Author(s):

E. IZADI-DARBANDI ◽

A. ALIVERDI ◽

M. ANABESTANI ◽

A. SHAMSABADI

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Weed Management ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Tribulus Terrestris ◽

Weed Density ◽

Beet Root ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Sugar Beet Root ◽

Density And Biomass

ABSTRACT: The efficacy of reduced (411.5 and 617.2 a.i. ha-1) and recommended (823.0 g a.i. ha-1) rates of phenmedipham + desmedipham + ethofumesate on the control of Amaranthus retroflexus, Amaranthus blitoides, Chenopodium album, and Tribulus terrestris in sugar beet field was investigated when they were tank-mixed with and without Adigor (0.5% v/v), Ammonium sulphate (2% v/v), Citogate (0.2% v/v), D-Octil (0.3% v/v), Hydro-Max (0.5% v/v), and Volck (0.5% v/v). When the herbicide was applied alone, there was no significant difference between the rates of 617.2 and 823.0 g a.i. ha-1 for reduction of total weed density and biomass. Significantly, the adjuvants decreased total weed density and biomass. However, there was no significant difference among the performance of adjuvants. The sugar beet root and sucrose yields were increased significantly by increasing herbicide rate as a result of an improvement in weed control. Although herbicide efficacy was influenced in a similar manner by all the adjuvants, the best results were found as follows: root yield was increased up to 9.66% (71.31 Mg ha-1) by applying the recommended rate of phenmedipham + desmedipham + ethofumesate plus Adigor compared to weed-free check (64.68 Mg ha-1) whereas sucrose yield was increased up to 26.48% (13.21 t ha-1) by applying the recommended rate of phenmedipham + desmedipham + ethofumesate plus HydroMax compared to weed-free check (10.45 t ha-1). From an economic and ecological standpoint, these two adjuvants can be suggested to optimize the recommended rate of phenmedipham + desmedipham + ethofumesate in weed management.

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Competitive relationships between sugar beet and weeds in dependence on time of weed control

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/2687-pse ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 54 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 108-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

M. Jursík ◽

J. Holec ◽

J. Soukup ◽

V. Venclová

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Weed Control ◽

Yield Loss ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Leaf Stage ◽

Galium Aparine ◽

Fumaria Officinalis

Small plot trials were carried out in years 2001–2003 with sugar beet. In the treatment without weed control, dry weight of sugar beet top and LAI of sugar beet were very low (approx. 50 g/m2 and 0.5 m2/m2, respectively). Yield loss of sugar beet was 80–93%. Dominant weeds were Chenopodium album, Fumaria officinalis and Galium aparine. In the treatments where weeds were removed (by hand) until 4 leaf stage of sugar beet, dry weight of sugar beet top and LAI of sugar beet at first increased normally, but were markedly decreased from the half of the vegetation period. Yield loss of sugar beet was 54–28%. Dominant weed in this treatment was Amaranthus retroflexus. The development of sugar beet top dry weight and LAI of sugar beet was practically identical in the treatments where weeds were removed until 8–10 leaf stage of the crop and in those where weeds were removed during the whole vegetation period (500–900 g/m2, or 4–7 m2/m2, respectively). No yield loss of sugar beet was recorded. Dry weight of weeds did not exceed 30 g/m2 and LAI 0.1 m2/m2. A. retroflexus and Mercurialis annua were the most frequent weeds in this treatment.

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Thermal inactivation of weed seeds and tubers during drying of pig manure.

Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.18174/njas.v40i1.16526 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 11-19

Author(s):

C.M.J. Bloemhard ◽

M.W.M.F. Arts ◽

P.C. Scheepens ◽

A.G. Elema

Keyword(s):

Thermal Inactivation ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Solanum Nigrum ◽

Abutilon Theophrasti ◽

Pig Manure ◽

Pig Slurry ◽

Cyperus Esculentus ◽

Sensitive Species ◽

Industrial Processing

Propagules of 7 plant species were subjected to heat treatments comparable to industrial processing. Propagules of all species, which had been preincubated 1 day in pig slurry, responded to heat treatment in an oven in the range from 50 to 104 degrees C. Brassica napus and Solanum nigrum were the most heat-sensitive species. The viability of their seeds was greatly reduced after 15 min at 50 degrees C. Seeds of Amaranthus retroflexus, B. napus, Chenopodium album and S. nigrum were inactivated after 3 min at 75 degrees C, seeds of Echinochloa crus-galli and tubers of Cyperus esculentus after 3 min at 90 degrees , whereas seeds of Abutilon theophrasti only slightly responded to 3 min at 104 degrees . Heating seeds of A. theophrasti at 104 degrees with steam resulted in much less viability than heating at the same temperature in the oven. More than 1 day preincubation in slurry positively affected thermal inactivation of E. crus-galli seeds and C. esculentus tubers at 75 degrees , but not of A. theophrasti seeds at 75, 90, and 104 degrees . (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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Weed infestation of a spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop under the conditions of plough and ploughless tillage

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2011.040 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

pp. 133-140

Author(s):

Andrzej Woźniak

Keyword(s):

Spring Wheat ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Avena Fatua ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Galium Aparine ◽

Tillage System ◽

Weed Infestation

A field experiment was conducted in the period 2007- 2009 in the Uhrusk Experimental Farm (Lublin region) belonging to the University of Life Sciences in Lublin. Different tillage systems - plough and ploughless tillage - were the experimental factors. In the plough tillage system, tillage involved skimming done after the harvest of the forecrop and autumn ploughing. In the ploughless tillage system, only the herbicide Roundup 360 SL (active substance - glyphosate) was applied after the harvest of the forecrop. In both tillage treatments, spring tillage involved field cultivating and the use of a tillage assembly consisting of a cultivator, cage roller, and harrow. The present experiment evaluated weed infestation of the crop expressed by the number and air-dry weight of weeds and their species composition. Under the conditions of ploughless tillage, air-dry weight of weeds in the spring wheat crop was shown to increase significantly compared to plough tillage. The tillage systems under comparison did not differentiate the number of weeds per 1 m2. Spring wheat sown using plough tillage was colonized most extensively by the following weed species: Avena fatua L., Stellaria media (L.) Vill., Galium aparine L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Chenopodium album L., and Consolida regalis Gray. In the ploughless tillage treatments, the following weeds were predominant: Stellaria media (L.) Vill., Avena fatua L., Fallopia convolvulus (L.) A. Löve, Papaver rhoeas L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Galium aparine L., and Chenopodium album L.

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Siirt İlinde Sebze Alanlarında Görülen Yabancı Otlar

ISPEC Journal of Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.46291/ispecjasvol4iss3pp492-504 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 492-504

Author(s):

Mesut SIRRI ◽

Cumali ÖZASLAN

Keyword(s):

Cynodon Dactylon ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Solanum Nigrum ◽

Portulaca Oleracea ◽

Sorghum Halepense ◽

Xanthium Strumarium ◽

Convolvulus Arvensis ◽

Heliotropium Europaeum

Sebzeler taze olarak da tüketildiğinden hem zehirli yabancı otlarla karışık olmaması hem de pestisit kalıntısı içermemesi gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle sebze alanlarında görülen yabancı otların belirlenmesi hem insan sağlığı hem de yabancı ot kontrolü yönüyle büyük önem taşımaktadır. Uygun iklim koşullarının da bir sonucu olarak Siirt ilinde sebze üretim alanları sürekli artmaktadır. Ancak yörede sebzede sorun olan yabancı otların saptanmasına yönelik olarak daha önce herhangi bir çalışma yapılmamıştır. Bu nedenle Siirt ilinde toplam 40 tarlada sürvey çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sürveylerde sebze ekim alanlarında sorun olan yabancı ot türleri ve bunların rastlanma sıklıkları ile yoğunluklarının belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Araştırmayla çalışma alanında 20 familyaya ait 52 farklı yabancı ot türü tespit edilmiştir. Saptanan yabancı otlardan 3’ünün tam parazitik ve 11’inin dar yapraklı olduğu diğerlerinin ise geniş yapraklı oldukları saptanmıştır. Dar yapraklı yabancı otlardan en fazla rastlanan ve en fazla yoğunluk oluşturan türlerin; Sorghum halepense (%67,5), Echinocloa crus-galli (%22,50) ve Cynodon dactylon (%17,5) olduğu saptanmıştır. Bölgede en fazla görülen ve yoğunluk oluşturan geniş yapraklı yabancı otların ise; Portulaca oleracea (%92,0), Amaranthus retroflexus (%82,0), Chrozophora tinctoria (%82,0), Alhagi pseudalhagi (%77,0), Solanum nigrum (%72,0), Heliotropium europaeum (%70,0), Amaranthus albus (%67,0), Xanthium strumarium (%65,0) ve Convolvulus arvensis (%57,5) olduğu belirlenmiştir.

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The Effect of Sugar Beet Broadleaf Herbicides on Fluorescence Induction Curves in Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Portulaca oleracea L.

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb9310124 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 433-442

Author(s):

Ali Asghar CHITBAND ◽

Reza GHORBANI ◽

Mohammad Hassan RASHED MOHASSEL ◽

Mahbubeh NABIZADE

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Fluorescence Induction ◽

Portulaca Oleracea ◽

Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction ◽

Response Curves ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Fluorescence Measurements ◽

Kautsky Curve

Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis is a simple and rapid method for detecting herbicide effects after a short time following their application in photosynthetic apparatus in plants. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements were carried out against two broad of weeds to describe how the Kautsky curve and its parameters were affected by herbicides. Desmedipham + phenmedipham + ethofumesate changed the chlorophyll fluorescence induction curve at all time intervals except four hours after spring (HAS) in Amaranthus retroflexus L. and at all doses of Portulaca oleracea L. 4 HAS. In contrast, chlorophyll fluorescence inhibition was evident by chloridazon at doses of 650 and 325 g a.i. ha-1 in P. oleracea and A. retroflexus respectively, for all time intervals. Furthermore, chlorophyll fluorescence decays only occurred by clopyralid in A. retroflexus at the highest dose. A biomass effective dose (ED50 and/or ED90) based on log-logistic dose-response curves for A. retroflexus were considerably higher than that of P. oleracea. The maximum quantum efficiency (FV/Fm) was stable, whereas the relative changes at the J step (Fvj) and area (the area between the Kautsky curve and the maximum fluorescence (Fm)) was more sensitive to all three herbicides. There was a relatively good correlation between fluorescence parameters taken 24 hours after the spraying and the dry matter taken three weeks later, for both species under study.

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Comparison of the Photosynthetic Capacity between Intact Leaves of Triazine-Resistant and -Susceptible Biotypes of Six Weed Species

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-1984-0527 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 39 (5) ◽

pp. 440-442 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

J.L.P. van Oorschot ◽

P.H. van Leeuwen

Keyword(s):

Photosynthetic Capacity ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Solanum Nigrum ◽

Poa Annua ◽

Weed Species ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Rate Of Photosynthesis ◽

Intact Leaves ◽

Polygonum Lapathifolium

The rate of photosynthesis in intact leaves of a triazine-resistant biotype of Amaranthus retroflexus was about 15% lower than that of a triazine-susceptible biotype. Differences in photosynthesis between resistant and susceptible biotypes of Polygonum lapathifolium, Poa annua and Solanum nigrum were not significant, and absent in Chenopodium album and Stellaria media. The results are brought in relation to the appearance of resistant biotypes in the field.

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Transmission of Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) by Bemisia tabaci Biotype Q and Evaluation of Four Weed Species as Viral Sources

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-01-16-0054-re ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 100 (10) ◽

pp. 2043-2049 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

C. G. Orfanidou ◽

P. G. Pappi ◽

K. E. Efthimiou ◽

N. I. Katis ◽

V. I. Maliogka

Keyword(s):

Bemisia Tabaci ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Solanum Nigrum ◽

Virus Concentration ◽

Weed Species ◽

Sonchus Oleraceus ◽

Transmission Parameters ◽

Arable Weeds ◽

Tomato Chlorosis Virus

Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) is implicated in tomato yellows disease in many countries worldwide. It has a wide host range, including cultivated species as well as arable weeds, and it is transmitted in a semipersistent manner by at least five whitefly species or biotypes of the genera Trialeurodes and Bemisia. ToCV is not seed transmitted and more than 36 weed species have been recorded as natural reservoirs, acting as unique sources both for the virus and its vectors when susceptible crops are harvested. In this study, experiments were conducted to determine the transmission parameters of ToCV by biotype Q, the most abundant biotype of Bemisia tabaci in Greece. Results showed that biotype Q is an efficient vector of ToCV and it is able to retain the virus for at least 6 days. This vector was then used for the evaluation of four widespread weed species (Solanum nigrum, Sonchus oleraceus, Amaranthus retroflexus, and Chenopodium album) as ToCV sources through transmission experiments. Solanum nigrum was shown to be the most significant viral source among the tested weeds, followed by Sonchus oleraceus, A. retroflexus, and, lastly, C. album. Nevertheless, none of them was as efficient a ToCV source as tomato. This variation could be attributed to differences in virus concentration in each plant species or possible host preference by the whitefly vector.

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Selectivity and efficacy of herbicides dimethachlor and pethoxamid in rocket crop

Plant Protection Science ◽

10.17221/93/2020-pps ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 56 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 305-316

Author(s):

Ivana Doležalová ◽

Irena Petrželová ◽

Martin Duchoslav

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Application Rate ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Residue Level ◽

Portulaca Oleracea ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Weed Density ◽

Application Rates ◽

Maximum Residue Level

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy, selectivity and health harmlessness of four application rates of two pre-emergent herbicides (pethoxamid and dimethachlor) in the rocket [Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cavanilles)]. Pethoxamid was found to be less efficient on the total weed density (efficacy 86.0–93.3%) in comparison with the effect of dimethachlor (94.9–95.8%). Dimethachlor expressed an excellent efficacy on Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauvois, Portulaca oleracea Linnaeus, Amaranthus retroflexus Linnaeus, Lamium purpureum Linnaeus, and Veronica persica Poiret from the lowest tested application rate (800 g/ha). Pethoxamid showed an excellent efficacy on E. crus-galli, Lamium purpureum, Lamium amplexicaule Linnaeus, V. persica, and P. oleracea. In higher application rates, pethoxamid controlled Chenopodium polyspermum Linnaeus and Chenopodium album Linnaeus. In contrast to mostly negative effects of dimethachlor, pethoxamid showed either no effects or positive ones on the rocket yield. Residues of both herbicides in the harvested product were always below a 'default limit', which is the baseline maximum residue level for food. The selectivity of pethoxamid at an application rate of 960 g/ha was good, herbicide residues in the rocket were not detected and the yield of the rocket increased.

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Επίδραση της άρδευσης και της χλωρής λίπανσης στη ζιζανιοχλωρίδα

10.12681/eadd/21652 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Ανέστης Καρκάνης

Keyword(s):

Datura Stramonium ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Solanum Nigrum ◽

Abutilon Theophrasti ◽

Portulaca Oleracea ◽

Xanthium Strumarium ◽

Hibiscus Trionum ◽

Orobanche Ramosa ◽

Setaria Glauca

Σκοπός της διδακτορικής διατριβής ήταν η μελέτη της επίδρασης της άρδευσης και της χλωρής λίπανσης στην ζιζανιοχλωρίδα. Σε πείραμα που πραγματοποιήθηκε σε φυτοδοχεία μελετήθηκε η επίδραση της άρδευσης στην ανάπτυξη και τα φυσιολογικά χαρακτηριστικά των ζιζανίων αγριοβαμβακιάς (Abutilon theophrasti), αγριομελιτζάνας (Xanthium strumarium), στύφνου (Solanum nigrum) και τάτουλα (Datura stramonium). Οι μεγαλύτερες τιμές του ξηρού βάρους, της αγωγιμότητας των στοματίων, του ρυθμού διαπνοής και του ρυθμού φωτοσύνθεσης των ζιζανίων καταγράφηκε σε επαρκώς αρδευόμενα φυτά. Σε πειράματα αγρού μελετήθηκε η ικανότητα ανταγωνισμού του βίκου αλλά και του λειμώνιου τριφυλλιού. Τα πειράματα πραγματοποιήθηκαν τα έτη 2005 και 2006, στον Δομοκό και στον αγρό του εργαστηρίου Γεωργίας. Παρατηρήθηκε ότι ο βίκος είναι πιο ανταγωνιστικός στα ζιζάνια σε σχέση με το λειμώνιο τριφύλλι. Επιπλέον το λειμώνιο τριφύλλι παρουσίασε μεγαλύτερη ικανότητα ανταγωνισμού στην Επαρχία Δομοκού. Επίσης σε πειράματα αγρού μελετήθηκε η επίδραση της χλωρής λίπανσης και των συστημάτων άρδευσης στην ζιζανιοχλωρίδα, σε καλλιέργεια καπνού. Τα πειράματα πραγματοποιήθηκαν τα έτη 2005 και 2006, στον Δομοκό και στον αγρό του εργαστηρίου Γεωργίας. Ακολουθήθηκε το πειραματικό σχέδιο των υποδιαιρεμένων τεμαχίων με 4 επαναλήψεις, δύο κύρια τεμάχια (σύστημα στάγδην άρδευσης και σύστημα καταιονισμού) και τρία υποτεμάχια (βίκος ως χλωρή λίπανση, λειμώνιο τριφύλλι ως χλωρής λίπανση και μάρτυρας (χωρίς λίπανση)). Ο μικρότερος αριθμός και το ξηρό βάρος των ζιζανίων καταγράφηκε στο σύστημα της στάγδην άρδευσης. Επίσης παρατηρήθηκε ότι ενσωμάτωση βιομάζας λειμώνιου τριφυλλιού της τάξης των 400Kg/στρέμμα (ξηρό βάρος) ήταν αρκετή ώστε να περιόρισα το φύτρωμα και την ανάπτυξη των ζιζανίων για χρονικό διάστημα 30 ημερών από την μεταφύτευση. Ακόμη ο μικρότερος αριθμός και ξηρό βάρος της οροβάγχης (Orobanche ramosa) καταγράφηκε στο σύστημα της στάγδην άρδευσης. Επίσης καταγράφηκε θετική συσχέτιση (R²=0.97; p=0.001) μεταξύ της ποσότητας του νερού άρδευσης και του αριθμού των φυτών της οροβάγχης. Ακόμη οι μεγαλύτερες τιμές της αγωγιμότητας των στοματίων, του ρυθμού διαπνοής και του ρυθμού φωτοσύνθεσης των σημαντικότερων ζιζανίων (Amaranthus retroflexus, Solanum nigrum, Convolovulus arvensis, Datura stramonium, Echinochloa crus-galli, Portulaca oleracea, Hibiscus trionum, Setaria glauca) καταγραφηκαν στα τεμάχια όπου έγινε χλωρή λίπανση με βίκο. Επίσης στις περισσότερες μετρήσεις οι μεγαλύτερες τιμές της αγωγιμότητας των στοματίων και του ρυθμού φωτοσύνθεσης καταγράφηκαν στα τεμάχια της στάγδην άρδευσης. Δεν παρατηρήθηκαν στατιστικά σημαντικές διαφορές για την θερμοκρασία των φύλλων των ζιζανίων μεταξύ των συστημάτων άρδευσης. Επιπρόσθετα το τραχύ βλήτο παρουσίασε τους μεγαλύτερους ρυθμούς φωτοσύνθεσης από όλα τα ζιζάνια. Τέλος στην αντράκλα, την σετάρια και την μουχρίτσα καταγράφηκαν οι μικρότερες τιμές της αγωγιμότητας των στοματίων.

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