scholarly journals Connection setup and traffic aggregation in IP-based Elastic Optical Networks (EON)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Research Work ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Transport Networks ◽  
Optical Transport Networks ◽  
Optical Wavelength ◽  
Traffic Scenario ◽  
Multilayer Routing

To overcome the challenges of the increased IP traffic volume on the Internet, the IP/MPLS-based fixed grid DWDM network structure was proposed, which makes the interaction between both the IP layer and the optical wavelength routed fixed DWDM layer applicable. However, the deployment of this architecture was not only expensive, but power-consuming. The emerging optical Flexgrid networks technology is nowadays suggested to be the potential candidate for future optical transport networks. This is because it provides extremely flexible and spectrally effective resources utilisation. Therefore, it has attracted the attention of network operators, optical networks equipment manufacturers and the wider research and development society. In this research work, we propose a novel multilayer routing scheme for an IP/MPLS-based optical Flex-grid network, which is based on the protocol suite defined by the GMPLS architecture. Furthermore, we evaluate its behaviour in an online dynamic traffic scenario.

Energy-Efficient Optical Transport Networks with Mixed Regenerator Placement

2013 ◽  
pp. 118-152
Author(s):  
Zuqing Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Network Design ◽  
Optical Networks ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Transport Networks ◽  
Optical Transport Networks ◽  
Network Provisioning ◽  
All Optical ◽  
Translucent Optical Networks ◽  
Optical Regeneration ◽  
Basic Concepts

In this chapter, the authors first discuss the background and basic concepts of all-optical regeneration and translucent optical networks. Since all-optical regenerator is much more energy-efficient than traditional O/E/O ones, they investigate translucent lightpath arrangement that involves mixed placement (MRP) of optical inline amplifiers (1R), all-optical 2R regenerators, and O/E/O 3R regenerators for energy-saving. In order to make sure that the end-to-end transmission performance requirement can still be satisfied with this arrangement, the authors analyze the signal BER evolution through fiber links and different types of regenerators, and propose a theoretical model. They then develop search strategies based on exhaustive search and genetic algorithms, and discuss how to use them to optimize the energy-efficiency of lightpaths using MRP. Finally, the authors move to the network design using MRP, in which they considered both offline network design and online network provisioning.

TOPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF COMPLEX OPTICAL TRANSPORT NETWORKS

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (03) ◽  
pp. 787-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. CÁRDENAS ◽  
M. L. MOURONTE ◽  
A. SANTIAGO ◽  
V. FELIU ◽  
R. M. BENITO
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Topological Analysis ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Small World ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy ◽  
Optical Transport Networks ◽  
Internet Routers ◽  
User Demand

SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) is the standard technology for information transmission in broadband optical networks. Unlike the Internet, SDH networks are strictly planned — rings, meshes, stars or tree-branches topologies are designed to connect their basic elements. In this work we show that the SDH network operated by Telefónica in Spain presents a power-law scaling in the degree distribution (P(k) ~ k-γ) both at the national and provincial levels. The empirically obtained scaling exponents γ are consistent with those observed in other heterogeneous complex networks. The Spanish SDH network also displays small world properties with a high clustering and short path length similar to the Internet routers network. The province subnetworks experience similar traits with regards to such properties. Considering factors such as network design policies, user demand, geographical location and types of equipment, we propose an ad hoc computational model in order to reproduce these topological properties.

WDM Node Structure with GMPLS Technology in Optical Transport Networks

2011 ◽  
Vol 474-476 ◽  
pp. 1483-1486
Author(s):  
Ning Zhang ◽  
Mao Chang Ge
Keyword(s):  
Complex Networks ◽  
Optical Networks ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Transmission Network ◽  
Network Technology ◽  
Transport Networks ◽  
Label Switching ◽  
Optical Transport Networks ◽  
Multi Protocol Label Switching

With the rapid development of optical network technology, a thing worth noting is the generalized multi-protocol label switching (GMPLS) technology in optical network has been more used, mainly in auto-switching transmission network. GMPLS is an advanced protocol which is essential for managing a diverse and complex networks, GMPLS has caused technical challenges in its deployment in optical networks. In this paper, we analyze the evolution to optical network, and discuss the GMPLS technology and its applications. GMPLS will become the important protocol in future optical network.

scholarly journals POL-MUX System for Noncoherent Optical Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5582
Author(s):  
Radim Sifta ◽  
Michal Latal ◽  
Petr Munster ◽  
Tomas Horvath
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Optical Networks ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Wavelength Division Multiplex ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Coherent Detection ◽  
Dynamic Polarization ◽  
Transport Networks ◽  
Optical Transport Networks ◽  
Wavelength Division

This paper is focused on applying a polarization multiplex to passive optical networks to double their transmission bandwidth without significant changes in the distribution network. Although polarization multiplexes are already employed for high-speed optical transport networks with digital signal processing and coherent detection, we propose a system that could be used in existing older optical networks using a dynamic polarization controller in combination with a wavelength division multiplex.

Survivability Mechanisms of Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching

2008 ◽  
pp. 593-599
Author(s):  
M. C.R. Medeiros ◽  
N. S.C. Correia
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Multiprotocol Label Switching ◽  
Core Network ◽  
Label Switching ◽  
Optical Wavelength ◽  
Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching ◽  
Ip Routers

Internet protocol (IP) over optical (IP-over-optical) networks is the widely accepted solution to meet the ever increasing demands of IP traffic. In an IP-over-optical network, the IP routers are attached to an optical core network, composed by optical cross-connects (OXC) that are interconnected by dynamically established optical wavelength channels called lighpaths (Rajagopalan, Pendarakis, Saha, Ramamoorthy, & Bala, 2000). To control such lightpaths in a dynamic, efficient, and realtime manner, generalized multiprotocol label switching (GMPLS) based control plane has been proposed by the Internet engineering task force (IETF) in the RFC 3945 edited by Mannie (2003).

scholarly journals Modelling and Optimization of Multi-Service Optical Switching Networks with Threshold Management Mechanisms

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 1515
Author(s):  
Maciej Sobieraj ◽  
Piotr Zwierzykowski ◽  
Erich Leitgeb
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Optical Switching ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Simulation Environment ◽  
Switching Networks ◽  
Traffic Characteristics ◽  
Threshold Mechanism ◽  
Optical Switching Networks

DWDM networks make use of optical switching networks that allow light waves of multiple lengths to be serviced and provide the possibility of converting them appropriately. Research work on optical switching networks focuses on two main areas of interest: new non-blocking structures for optical switching networks and finding traffic characteristics of switching networks of the structures that are already well known. In practical design of switching nodes in optical networks, in many cases, the Clos switching networks are successfully used. Clos switching networks are also used in Elastic Optical Networks that can effectively manage allocation of resources to individual multi-service traffic streams. The research outcomes presented in this article deal with the problems of finding traffic characteristics in blocking optical switching networks with known structures. This article aims at presenting an analysis of the influence of traffic management threshold mechanisms on the traffic characteristics of multi-service blocking Clos switching networks that are used in the nodes of elastic optical networks as well as their influence on the traffic efficiency of network nodes. The analysis was carried out on the basis of research studies performed in a specially dedicated purpose-made simulation environment. The article presents a description of the simulation environment used in the experiments. The study was focused on the influence of the threshold mechanism, which is one of the most commonly used and elastic traffic management mechanisms, and on the traffic characteristics of switching networks that service different mixtures of multi-service Erlang, Engset and Pascal traffic streams. The conducted study validates the operational effectiveness and practicality of the application of the threshold mechanism to model traffic characteristics of nodes in an elastic optical network.

Analysing and Transcribing Electroacoustic Music: the experience of the Portraits polychromes of GRM

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
ÉVELYNE GAYOU
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Electroacoustic Music ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Internet Site ◽  
Multimedia Documents ◽  
Multimedia Tools ◽  
Musical Works ◽  
The 1950S

Portraits polychromes are a series of books associated with multimedia documents presented on the Internet site of the GRM since 2001. In releasing this collection, our primary concern was to increase awareness of the electroacoustic repertoire and the reserves in the GRM archives. The GRM, being a pioneering centre of electroacoustics, is fortunate to possess a consistent and significant reserve dating back to the beginning of the 1950s. At present, the catalogue contains around 2,000 works, accompanied with supplementary documents: composer's biographies, reviews, photographs, documentary movies, radio broadcasts, recorded public lectures, theoretical research work, transcriptions and analyses. In addition to the heritage value of the GRM's collection, the enterprise of the Portraits polychromes, with the aid of multimedia tools, aims to advance the progress of research on analysis and the transcription of musical works.

scholarly journals Energy challenges in optical access and aggregation networks

2016 ◽  
Vol 374 (2062) ◽  
pp. 20140435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Kilper ◽  
Houman Rastegarfar
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Optical Switching ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Future Internet ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Total System ◽  
Single Chip ◽  
Processor Core

Scalability is a critical issue for access and aggregation networks as they must support the growth in both the size of data capacity demands and the multiplicity of access points. The number of connected devices, the Internet of Things, is growing to the tens of billions. Prevailing communication paradigms are reaching physical limitations that make continued growth problematic. Challenges are emerging in electronic and optical systems and energy increasingly plays a central role. With the spectral efficiency of optical systems approaching the Shannon limit, increasing parallelism is required to support higher capacities. For electronic systems, as the density and speed increases, the total system energy, thermal density and energy per bit are moving into regimes that become impractical to support—for example requiring single-chip processor powers above the 100 W limit common today. We examine communication network scaling and energy use from the Internet core down to the computer processor core and consider implications for optical networks. Optical switching in data centres is identified as a potential model from which scalable access and aggregation networks for the future Internet, with the application of integrated photonic devices and intelligent hybrid networking, will emerge.

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