Design of an Novel Spectrum Sensing Scheme Based on Long Short-Term Memory and Experimental Validation

Spectrum sensing allows cognitive radio systems to detect relevant signals in despite the presence of severe interference. Most of the existing spectrum sensing techniques use a particular signal-noise model with certain assumptions and derive certain detection performance. To deal with this uncertainty, learning based approaches are being adopted and more recently deep learning based tools have become popular. Here, we propose an approach of spectrum sensing which is based on long short term memory (LSTM) which is a critical element of deep learning networks (DLN). Use of LSTM facilitates implicit feature learning from spectrum data. The DLN is trained using several features and the performance of the proposed sensing technique is validated with the help of an empirical testbed setup using Adalm Pluto. The testbed is trained to acquire the primary signal of a real world radio broadcast taking place using FM. Experimental data show that even at low signal to noise ratio, our approach performs well in terms of detection and classification accuracies, as compared to current spectrum sensing methods.

An Enhanced Method of Contactless Charging of Railway Signaling Torch Light

Wireless charging, also known as contactless charging (for shorter range), is a method of supplying energy to electrical devices by sending electricity via an air gap. Wireless charging methods have advanced recently, and commercial solutions have been developed, providing a potential option to overcome the energy bottleneck of typically portable battery-powered gadgets. Due to its simplicity and improved user experience, this technology is attracting a wide range of applications, from low-power gadgets to high-power electric cars. However, including wireless charging into the systems raises a number of difficult challenges in terms of implementation, scheduling, and power management. One such application is to convert the existing system of traditional battery powered railway signaling torchlight into a rechargeable type contactless charging system. This provides a better way of increasing the life time of the product and has better compactness. A rechargeable Li-ion battery must be installed in lieu of the old non-rechargeable battery. To achieve satisfactory efficiency, the magnetic resonance coupling technology of contactless charging can be utilized. Through a shorter air gap, electrical power is transmitted from the charging module (main coil) to the Torchlight (secondary coil). Overall, the present system's cost, size are reduced and lifetime is increased.

A Social Entrepreneurship Approach for the Development of an Active-Ageing Smartphone Application

Trends in the world population are shown to favor the increase market of elderly people aged 65 and over. This creates a new and promising market with many peculiarities and a variety of needs to be satisfied in terms of improving quality of life. The proposed solution to this problem which is investigated in this paper comes from technology. Especially, smart phone technology can lead to the creation of innovative products and services facilitating the elderly in their daily lives. The purpose of this study is to explore how a smart phone application (Active Ageing), could upgrade the quality of life of the elderly people and how to motivate them by making them feel safe and comfortable to go out for a walk. Further, the proposed app development takes a stakeholder’s approach where the society, the state, local actors and private investors, are involved. In this way opportunities can be seized and be a deterministic factor in this new market with many economic, social and environmental benefits. At the same time, the study examines the conceptual framework of an innovative business model which will contribute to the sustainable development of the application in the Greek society by taking a social entrepreneurship approach. Going through a critical literature review in relation to Active Ageing, the benefits and risks of walking, social entrepreneurship, market research methods and smart cities, an appropriate survey instrument was developed for evaluating the potential of the envisioned Active Aging app. Elements in the survey examined key issues that concern the elderly. Specifically, market needs have been identified regarding the necessary information to create confidence, safety, enjoyment and high quality of life in a framework of sustainable mobility.

Interference Aware Routing Protocols for Underlay Cognitive Radio Networks

In this paper, optimal and sub-optimal routing protocols are proposed for cognitive radio networks. We first investigate optimal routing that consists in searching among all paths, the one that minimizes the end-to-end outage while verifying interference constraint to primary receiver. A sub-optimal one-hop routing is proposed where the best relay is selected in each hop. The last routing protocol consists in decomposing the network in many sub-networks composed of K hops. Then the best route is determined in each of these sub-networks so that the K hops-outage probability is minimized. The proposed K-hops routing allows a good compromise between complexity and performance. The performance of different routing protocols are evaluated through simulation results in terms of outage probability.

Study of Handover Techniques for 4G Network MIMO Systems

For the upcoming 4G systems, network multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC) are two of key techniques adopted in 4G systems to mitigate the serious inter-cell interference (ICI) and improve coverage and cell-edge throughput. Network MIMO is referred to as coordinated multi-point (CoMP) in LTE-A. In this paper, we propose a simulation platform to analyze the handover issue for downlink CoMP transmissions in LTE-A cellular systems. Among the variety of ICIC strategies, we apply the widely adopted soft frequency reuse (SFR) and the fractional frequency reuse (FFR) schemes. Both schemes are based on the idea of applying a frequency reuse factor of one in cell-center areas, and a higher reuse factor in cell-edge areas. Therefore, the ICI is reduced at the expense of the available frequency resources for each cell.

Optimal Design of Wind/PV/Diesel/Battery Power System for telecommunication application in a remote Algeria

Algeria has embarked on an ambitious renewable energy program in order to increase total food production. It has a large number of remote small villages and islands that lack in the electricity, and probability of connecting them with the high voltage gridlines in the near future is very poor due to financial and technical constraints. This paper proposes the use of a PV, wind and diesel generator hybrid system with storage element in order to determine the optimal configuration of renewable energy in ALGERIA. The principals’ interests of this system are the independence production, and the supplying of electric energy in isolated localities. Have at one’s the energetic and economic models, and simulation tools, we effected an optimization study based on mixed productions. For this approach, the energetic resources of sites where are implanted telecommunications systems and their consumption are supposed known. Then the problem is the optimization of electric generators using these resources, enable to have an optimal type system for the powering of telecommunications equipments in rural site of Algeria. Homer (hybrid optimization model for electric renewable) simulation software was used to determine the technical feasibility of the system and to perform the economical analysis of the system.

Optimization of 5G Accessibility in Non Standalone and Standalone Mode

In this paper, we have analyzed and developed different types of algorithms related to 5G accessibility procedures for Non Standalone (NSA) and Standalone (SA) mode. The 5G accessibility depends on 5G radio parameters of each procedure, such as contention based Random access (CBRA), contention free random access (CFRA), Radio admission control (RAC), Radio resource control (RRC) and Radio bearer reconfiguration. The random access procedure for NSA is similar to SA mode. The goal is to improve the accessibility by optimizing timers and tune the main 5G radio parameters related to Random access channel (RACH), RRC reconfiguration and RAC procedures.

On Location-based Services Build on the Close Patial Position of Mobile Devices

This article focuses on architectural models of location-based services. The paper discusses the model of spatial network proximity, within which the classical architecture of services using location information, based on the use of geo-coordinates data provided by users, is replaced by some distributed cyber-physical system. Within the network proximity model, geo-computation is replaced by the direct proximity definitions. And this very proximity measurement is based on determining the availability (visibility) of the signals of the wireless network nodes. This article discusses how to build new service models using location information.

Connection setup and traffic aggregation in IP-based Elastic Optical Networks (EON)

To overcome the challenges of the increased IP traffic volume on the Internet, the IP/MPLS-based fixed grid DWDM network structure was proposed, which makes the interaction between both the IP layer and the optical wavelength routed fixed DWDM layer applicable. However, the deployment of this architecture was not only expensive, but power-consuming. The emerging optical Flexgrid networks technology is nowadays suggested to be the potential candidate for future optical transport networks. This is because it provides extremely flexible and spectrally effective resources utilisation. Therefore, it has attracted the attention of network operators, optical networks equipment manufacturers and the wider research and development society. In this research work, we propose a novel multilayer routing scheme for an IP/MPLS-based optical Flex-grid network, which is based on the protocol suite defined by the GMPLS architecture. Furthermore, we evaluate its behaviour in an online dynamic traffic scenario.

Analysis of Cognitive Radio Spectrum Sensing Techniques over Nakagami-m Fading Channel

As the demand of wireless communication increases exponentially, with the same ratio scarcity of spectrum also originates. To overcome this spectrum scarcity a novel approach, Cognitive Radio (CR) shows development of an opportunistic and promising technology. This paper explores implementation and analysis of the CR spectrum sensing techniques such as Matched filtering, Energy detection and Cyclostationary feature detection on MATLAB platform by simulation. We analyze performance of these techniques over, Nakagami-m fading channel with AWGN channel for both the BPSK and QPSK modulation.