scholarly journals B-mode and Doppler Ultrasonography of Accessory Genital Glands and Testes in Male Goats During the Breeding Season

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Talaat Elbaz ◽  
Ahmed Mohamed Sharshar ◽  
Ahmed Essam Elweza
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Pulsatility Index ◽  
Doppler Ultrasonography ◽  
Resistive Index ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Accessory Sex Glands ◽  
Spectral Doppler ◽  
Doppler Indices ◽  
Sexually Mature

The aims of the present study were to scan the echogenicity of reproductive organs of bucks during the breeding season. The influence of testosterone on haemodynamic Doppler indices of accessory genital glands of breeding bucks was also examined. Ten clinically healthy, sexually mature, Egyptian Baladi male goats were examined and the testes, tail of epididymis and accessory sex glands imaged using greyscale B-mode, colour Doppler ultrasonography. The spectral Doppler indices (pulsatility index and resistive index) were measured. Blood samples were collected and serum concentrations of testosterone, FSH and LH were determined. The results revealed that the echogenicity of testes, tail of epididymis and accessory genital glands was changed by breeding season. Pulsatility index values of supra-testicular artery, marginal artery, tail of the epididymis, ampulla, vesicular gland, pars disseminata of the prostate and bulbourethral gland were 0.85±0.04, 0.54±0.03, 0.4±0.03, 0.37±0.04, 0.51±0.03, 0.39±0.02 and 0.41±0.04, respectively. The resistive index of the above criteria were 0.51±0.04, 0.37±0.02, 0.3±0.03, 0.27±0.02, 0.31±0.03, 0.32±0.03 and 0.32±0.03, respectively. Serum testosterone concentration was 4.78±0.46 ng/mL. Furthermore, FSH and LH were 3.71±0.43 and 1.8±0.17 mIU/mL, respectively. Interestingly, testosterone clearly deceased the values of the both the pulsatility and resistive indices of the accessory genital glands of breeding bucks. Season modified the echogenicity of testes, epididymis and accessory genital glands. Testosterone regulated the reproductive indices of blood flow of the accessory genital glands of breeding bucks. Thus, this study could serve as a baseline of reference values of Egyptian Baladi male goats during the breeding season to improve reproductive efficiency.

scholarly journals Doppler and B-mode ultrasonographic monitoring of accessory sex glands and testes in Barki rams during the breeding season

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Essam Elweza ◽  
Ahmed Mohamed Sharshar ◽  
Hamed Talaat Elbaz
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Doppler Ultrasonography ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Resistive Index ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Accessory Sex Glands ◽  
Multiple Imaging ◽  
Doppler Indices ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to perform ultrasonographic imaging of the testes and accessory sex glands in adult Barki rams during the breeding season. The impact of testosterone on the Doppler indices of accessory sex glands was also investigated. Scrotal contents, pelvic urethra and accessory sex glands of twelve mature Barki rams were scanned with multiple imaging of B-mode and colour Doppler ultrasonography. Serum concentrations of testosterone, FSH and LH were determined. The results revealed that the breeding season changed the echogenicity of testicular parenchyma, spermatic cord, epididymal tail, glans penis and echotexture of accessory sex glands. Serum testosterone was 7.27±0.37 ng/mL, FSH was 6.46±0.2 and LH was 5.6±0.28 m IU/mL. The pulsatility index (PI) for the supra-testicular artery (STA), marginal artery (MA) of the testes and epididymal tail was 1.01±0.07, 0.58±0.04 and 0.5±0.04. The resistive index (RI) for the same structures was 0.6±0.04, 0.33±0.04 and 0.3±0.03, respectively. Importantly, testosterone downregulated PI and RI of the ampulla, vesicular gland, prostate gland and bulbourethral gland. In conclusion, the breeding season changed the echogenicity of reproductive organs and accessory genital glands of rams, and testosterone regulated the hemodynamic parameters of the accessory sex glands.

scholarly journals Changes in Doppler indices throughout pregnancy in queens

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Melih Uçmak ◽  
Ozge Turna ◽  
Gamze Evkuran Dal ◽  
Zeynep Günay Uçmak ◽  
Mehmet Can Gündüz
Keyword(s):  
Pulsatility Index ◽  
Doppler Ultrasonography ◽  
Umbilical Artery ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Delivery Time ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Doppler Indices

Doppler ultrasonography (D-USG) is a non-invasive technique that has become an increasingly essential tool in veterinary theriogenology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes of Doppler indices in the foetal aorta (FA), foetal vena cava (FVC), umbilical artery (UA), and uteroplacental artery (UPA) in pregnant queens, thereby advancing knowledge about Doppler findings in normal feline pregnancy. The study was conducted with 10 pregnant queens with known gestational age. Doppler ultrasonography was performed every three days beginning from the 21st day to the 60th day of pregnancy. The pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) of FA, FVC, UA and UPA were recorded during the D-USG examinations. Although a declining trend was seen in the mean RI of FA, a comparison with earlier sampling periods revealed that significant decreases (P < 0.05) did not occur until Days 30 and 60. While PI of FVC was relatively constant, RI varied througout pregnancy. The PI and RI of UPA values were significantly lower (P < 0.05) on Day 60 when compared to the first five sampling periods for PI and the first six sampling periods for RI. The study concludes that the decrease in UA indices is a precursor for delivery time in queens. However, there is a need for further comparative studies involving impaired pregnancies.

Reproduction in Sminthopsis-Macroura (Marsupialia, Dasyuridae) .2. The Male

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 207 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Woolley
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
Sminthopsis Macroura ◽  
Sexually Mature ◽  
Androgen Levels

The breeding season of S. macroura extends from June to February, and individual males (both wild- caught and laboratory-reared) are capable of breeding over extended periods during the breeding season, and for up to three seasons, in the laboratory. Gross and histological changes in the reproductive organs and endocrine changes in relation to reproductive activity have been investigated. Males do not appear to reach sexual maturity until the season following that in which they were born, although spermatorrhoea may commence in the season of birth. Testis and epididymis weight of these males, which commence spermatorrhoea late in the season, approximates that of sexually mature males early in the season but androgen levels and the weight of the accessory glands are low in all males except during the early months of the season. The age at which spermatorrhoea commences ranges from 141 to 350 days. The minimum scrota1 width at which it commences is 7.9 mm and the minimum body weight, 14.0 g. The onset of spermatorrhoea is not a function of age or season and in S. macroura should be used with caution as an indicator of impending sexual maturity. Maximum corticosteroid- binding capacity (MCBC) generally exceeded corticosteroid concentration and no androgen-related fall in MCBC was evident.

scholarly journals COLOUR DOPPLER CHANGES IN IUGR WITH RESPECT TO PULSATILITY INDEX OF UA AND MCA AND CEREBROPLACENTAL RATIO

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Ayushi Agarwal ◽  
Sanjaya Sharma ◽  
Sippy Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Perinatal Outcome ◽  
Pulsatility Index ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Resistive Index ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Cerebroplacental Ratio ◽  
Doppler Study ◽  
Doppler Indices

BACKGROUND : Doppler indices form an integral component of noninvasive evaluation of fetal wellbeing. There is paucity of information about normal obstetric Doppler indices, particularly from the Indian subcontinent. The aim of the study was to nd the values of pulsatility index (PI), resistive index (RI) of umbilical artery (UA), and fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA) and calculate cerebro-placental ratio (CP ratio) for 31–41 weeks of normal gestation. METHODS : 250 patients were enrolled in the study for color Doppler study of UA and MCA and were serially followed up at 4–6 weeks interval for Doppler indices. Angle-independent Doppler indices like PI and RI for MCA and UA were obtained during each examination. CP ratio was calculated in each case. All the cases were followed up till delivery and the perinatal outcome was recorded. RESULTS & CONCLUSION : Abnormal cerebroplacental ratio is strongly correlated with IUGR and worse fetal prognosis. Fetuses with abnormal doppler velocimetry have a signicantly higher incidence of preterm birth, low birth weight and admission to NICU.Associated risk factors were anemia, PIH, DM, previous history of IUGR, TORCH infection, thyroid disorder. Anemia was found to be common risk factor followed by PIH. In conclusion with the help of non-invasive color Doppler parameters we can identify those pregnancies which are at risk and intervene before the fetus actually become growth restricted and act accordingly for better perinatal outcome.

151 Associations of Testicular Size and Arterial Blood Flow with Sexual Development and Semen Characteristics in Dorper Rams Raised in a Subtropical Climate

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
E. S. C. Camela ◽  
R. P. Nociti ◽  
V. J. C. Santos ◽  
B. I. Macente ◽  
G. S. Maciel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pulsatility Index ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Testicular Artery ◽  
Semen Volume ◽  
Spectral Doppler ◽  
Sexually Mature

Spectral Doppler (velocimetric) indices are important indicators of blood perfusion and physiological status of internal organs. Doppler ultrasound is used in andrology to assess the blood flow in the testicular arteries, aiding in the diagnosis of scrotal disorders and abnormal spermatogenesis. It was proposed that blood flow indices measured in the testicular artery, namely, blood flow resistance and pulsatility index, were significant predictors of semen quality in clinically healthy dogs. There is a paucity of studies on the associations of testicular morphology and blood flow dynamics with spermatogenesis in growing rams. Forty-five Dorper rams (24 rams aged 8 to 11 months and 21 rams aged 12 to 24 months) were examined using a portable ultrasound scanner connectecd to a linear-array 7.5-MHz transducer. Measurements of the testes were taken with built-in electronic calipers on images containing the largest cross-sectional area of each testicle in 3 planes (coronal, sagittal, and transverse). Colour and spectral Doppler scans were performed immediately after scrotal ultrasonography to detect the testicular arteries and record the following velocimetric indices: peak systolic velocity (PSV, cm/s), end-diastolic velocity (EDV, cm/s), resistive index (RI = [PSV – EDV)/PSV], and pulsatility index [PI = (SPV – EDV)/mean velocity] of the blood vessels. The length (9.7 ± 0.3 v. 9.0 ± 0.2 cm; mean ± SD) of the testes and scrotal circumference (33.3 ± 0.5 v. 31.8 ± 0.4 cm) were greater (P < 0.05) in sexually mature rams than in peri-pubertal rams. There were no differences (P > 0.05) between the 2 age groups of Dorper rams in mean values for blood flow indices measured in testicular arteries. Semen was collected by ejaculation into the artificial vagina from 38% (8/21) of post-pubertal rams and 21% (5/24) of peri-pubertal animals (Chi-squared test; P < 0.05). Semen volume was negatively correlated with PI of the testicular arteries (r = –0.57, P = 0.04). In summary, the attainment of sexual maturity in Dorper rams maintained in a subtropical climate was associated with significant elongation of testes but not with the changes in testicular volume and blood perfusion. Testicular artery PI was a significant predictor of semen volume in peri-pubertal and sexually mature rams. Based on this and several previous studies, B-mode ultrasonography combined with echotextural analyses of the epididymides and accessory sex glands and serum testosterone measurements provide more useful information on the progression of sexual maturation and present semen quality in rams than the ultrasonographic assessment of testicular dimensions and an array of blood flow indices.

scholarly journals Changes in semen quality and morphology of the reproductive tract of the male tammar wallaby parallel seasonal breeding activity in the female

Reproduction ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
D B B P Paris ◽  
D A Taggart ◽  
G Shaw ◽  
P D Temple-Smith ◽  
M B Renfree
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Tammar Wallaby ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Accessory Sex Glands

Changes in semen quality and morphology of the male reproductive tract were studied throughout the year in the highly promiscuous tammar wallaby. Body size, semen quality and gross morphology of the reproductive organs were assessed in adult males each month from January to November. The mean weight of males was similar in most periods sampled, but males were slightly heavier in the minor (P < 0.05) than the non-breeding season. Since body weight was correlated with weights of the testes, epididymides and accessory sex glands, organ weights were adjusted for body weight in subsequent analyses. In the major breeding season (late January/early February), when most females go through a brief, highly synchronized oestrus, the testes, prostate, Cowper’s glands, crus penis and urethral bulb were heaviest, volume and coagulation of ejaculates were greatest, and sperm motility had increased. Semen samples collected by electroejaculation at this time contained low numbers of spermatozoa, possibly as a result of dilution and entrapment by the seminal coagulum or depletion of epididymal stores during intense multiple mating activity. In the non-breeding season (late May–July), when mating does not normally occur in the wild, there was a significant decrease in the relative weight of nearly all male reproductive organs and a decline in most semen parameters. In the minor breeding season (September–November), when pubertal females undergo their first oestrus and mating, the weights of testes, epididymides and most accessory sex glands had significantly increased similar to those of males in the major breeding season. The total number and motility of ejaculated spermatozoa were highest during this period, but the volume and coagulation of ejaculates and weight of the prostate had only increased to levels that were intermediate between the major and non-breeding seasons. Ejaculate volume was strongly correlated with prostate weight, and % motile spermatozoa was strongly correlated with epididymis weight. Semen quality thus varied seasonally with changes in androgen-dependent reproductive organs in the male tammar wallaby and appeared to be influenced by the seasonal timing of oestrus in females. Semen quality may also improve in response to an increase in the number of available oestrous females.

Comparison of the Doppler Indices in the Ophthalmic Artery and Central Retinal Artery in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Individuals

2021 ◽  
pp. 875647932110148
Author(s):  
Baby Nadeem ◽  
Raham Bacha ◽  
Syed Amir Gilani ◽  
Iqra Manzoor
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Pulsatility Index ◽  
Ophthalmic Artery ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Resistive Index ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Retinal Artery ◽  
Doppler Indices ◽  
Ophthalmic Arteries

Objective: Diabetes can lead to diabetic retinopathy, which damages the retina due to blood flow remodeling of occular vessels. Early stages of diabetic retinopathy may not present with patient symptoms. Doppler indices, of the ophthalmic arteries, could help in determining the effect of diabetic vascular remodeling. This research was designed to compare the Doppler indices, in the ophthalmic artery and central retinal artery, in both diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study of 72 total patients. Sonography was performed on the ophthalmic arteries of 36 diabetics and 36 nondiabetics, to compare Doppler indices. All patients were voluntarily consented to this research that was approved by the university’s Institutional Review Board (IRB). Doppler parameters recorded were peak systolic velocity, end dystopic velocity, resistive index, and pulsatility index, which were taken in both patient groups and compared. Results: A significant difference was noted in the ophthalmic artery peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, pulsatility index, and resistive index for diabetic and nondiabetic individuals, with a statistically significant set at .01. Conclusions: There was a significant difference between diabetic and nondiabetic ophthalmic Doppler indices in this cohort of patients. This cohort demonstrated vascular remodeling of the ophthalmic arteries, caused by diabetes; therefore, blood flow resistance was increased due to diabetes.

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