scholarly journals Palatability Tests on Giant Pangola grass (Digitaria valida Stent) and Signal grass (Brachiaria brizantha) as compared with Napier (Merker) grass (Pennisetum purpureum)

1969 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-150
Author(s):  
L. Rivera Brenes ◽  
J. A. Arroyo ◽  
H. Cestero ◽  
A. Sierra
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Agricultural Experiment Station ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Agricultural Experiment ◽  
Signal Grass

Signal grass (Brachiaria brizantha) and Giant Pangola (Digitaria valida Stent) were introduced into Puerto Rico by the Agricultural Experiment Station in 1957, from Ceylon and Cuba, respectively. Field observations and unpublished data on yields indicate good forage possibilities for these grasses for the Island. Both were submitted to a palatability test and compared with Napier grass, (Pennisetum purpureum), which is one of our most palatable forage grasses, using a 3 x 3 Latin-square design. The two grasses are as palatable as and contain more dry matter per pound of green forage than Napier grass. Both grasses are under grazing trials and must be submitted to more field observations before final recommendations are given to the farmers.

scholarly journals Digestibility Studies on Napier (Merker) Grass (Pennisetum purpureum), Giant Pangola Grass (Digitaria valida Stent), and Signal Grass (Brachiaria brizantha)

1969 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-156
Author(s):  
J. A. Arroyo ◽  
L. Rivera Brenes
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Signal Grass

Digestible energy and digestible protein were determined for Giant Pangola (Digitaria valida Stent), Signal (Brachiaria brizantha), and Napier (Merker) (Pennisetum prupureum) grasses. Total digestible nutrients were also calculated. Digestible protein for Napier (Merker), Giant Pangola, and Signal grasses were 3.21, 2.62, and 2.03 percent. Total digestible nutrients in the same order were, 53.95, 66.07, and 64.60 percent. Two digestion trials were made, one when the grasses were about 50 and the other when they were about 80 days old. The average digestion coefficient for energy for Napier (Merker) was 47.65 percent, for Giant Pangola 55.12, and for Signal grass 52.26. Both Giant Pangola and Signal grasses are much higher in dry-matter content than Napier (Merker) at 50 days of age, a very important characteristic nutritionally speaking.

scholarly journals Dietary rambutan peel powder as a rumen modifier in beef cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 763-769
Author(s):  
Thiwakorn Ampapon ◽  
Metha Wanapat
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Negative Effect

Objective: The experiment was conducted to study the effect of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) fruit peel powder (RP) on feed consumption, digestibility of nutrients, ruminal fermentation dynamics and microbial population in Thai breed cattle.Methods: Four, 2-year old (250±15 kg) beef bull crossbreds (75% Brahman×25% local breed) were allotted to experimental treatments using a 4×4 Latin square design. Four dietary supplementation treatments were imposed; non-supplementation (control, T1); supplementation of RP fed at 2% of dry matter intake (DMI) (low, T2); supplementation of RP fed at 4% of DMI (medium, T3) and supplementation of RP fed at 6% of DMI (high, T4). All cattle were given a concentrate supplement at 1% of body weight while Napier grass was provided as a free choice.Results: The findings revealed that RP supplementation did not negatively affect (p>0.05) DMI of Napier grass, while RP intake and total DMI were the greatest in the RP supplementation at 4% and 6% DMI. Nevertheless, the nutrients (dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber) digestibilities were not changed in the RP supplementation groups. Rumen fermentation parameters especially those of total volatile fatty acids, acetate and butyrate were not significantly changed. However, the propionate concentration was remarkably increased (p<0.05) in the RP supplementation. Notably, the ratio of acetate to propionate, the number of protozoa, as well as the methane estimation were significantly reduced in the RP supplemented groups (4% and 6% of DMI), while the counts of bacteria was not altered.Conclusion: Supplementation of RP (4% of DMI) improved rumen propionate production, reduced protozoal population and methane estimation (p<0.05) without a negative effect on feed consumption and nutrients total tract digestibilities in beef cattle. Using dietary rambutan fruit peel powder has potential promise as a rumen regulator.

Nitrogen Fertilization and Cutting Frequency, Yield and Chemical Composition of Five Tropical Grasses

1969 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
J. Velez-Santiago ◽  
J. A. Arroyo-Aguilu
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
Cutting Frequency ◽  
Harvest Intervals ◽  
Agricultural Experiment ◽  
Cynodon Nlemfuensis

Five tropical forage grasses: Star (Cynodon nlemfuensis), Transvala digit (Digitaria decumbens), Pangola (Digitaria decumbens) and two Limpos (Hemarthria altissima, Bigalta and Greenalta), were cultivated without irrigation for 1.5 years at the Corozal Agricultural Experiment Substation to study the effects of 3 N fertilization levels and 3 harvest intervals (30, 45, and 60 days) on the green forage (GF), dry forage (DF), and crude protein (CP) yields and on the dry matter (DM), CP, P, and K contents. The soil is a Corozal clay (Uitisol). N levels, as (NH4)2SO4, applied after each harvest, included low, 224; medium, 448; and high, 896 kg/ha/yr. P and K were applied at rates of 112 and 336 kg/ha/yr, respectively. DM content and DF and CP yields increased significantly with longer harvest intervals. The medium N level resulted in the highest CP yields, except in the case of Star grass, in which high N fertilization gave greater CP yield. Bigalta, Star, and Transvala digit cultivars exhibited the highest GF, DF, and CP yields. DF yields (means across the 3 harvest intervals and the 3 N levels) for Bigalta, Greenalta, Transvala, Star, and Pangola grasses were 35,421; 29,209; 31 ,699; 32,383; and 24,461 kg/ha/yr, respectively.

scholarly journals Performance of Urochloa and Megathyrsus Forage Grasses in Smallholder Farms in Western Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Waweru Mwendia ◽  
Ruth Odhiambo ◽  
Alfred Juma ◽  
David Mwangi ◽  
An Notenbaert
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Preference Rating ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Livestock Productivity

Livestock productivity has remained low in sub-Saharan African countries compared to other places on the globe. The feeding component is the major limitation, in both quantity and quality. Among other inputs, feeding takes 55–70% of the costs involved. Livestock play a major role especially in smallholder mixed farms through provision of household nutrition and income through milk and meat. Equally, fertilization of cropland benefits from livestock manure, and livestock often act as insurance and savings by providing liquidity for unforeseen and urgent financial needs. Increasing livestock productivity would enhance the fore-mentioned benefits contributing to well-being and livelihoods. Toward this endeavor and with smallholder dairy farmers' participation, we undertook an evaluation of 10 selected forages from Urochloa Syn. Brachiaria and Megathyrsus syn. Panicum genus and compared them with Napier grass, i.e., Cenchrus purpureus Syn. Pennisetum purpureum commonly grown by farmers. For detailed and robust evaluation, we established the species in eight trial sites spread in four administrative counties in Western Kenya (Bungoma, Busia, Kakamega, and Siaya). In each site, the forages were established in plots in a randomized complete block design, replicated three times. Each site was linked to a group of farmers interested in dairy. For 2 years, dry matter production, plant height, and leaf-to-stem ratio was determined across all sites. Further, we guided farmers to generate participatory forage evaluation criteria, which they later administered across their respective forage demonstration sites individually on plot-by-plot basis to generate preference rating compared to what they normally grow—Napier grass. The results showed significant differences across the forage types within and between the sites. Cumulative dry matter yields ranged 13.7–49.9 t/ha over 10 harvestings across forage types and the counties, while values for crude protein were 1.85–6.23 t/ha and 110,222–375,988 MJ/ha for metabolizable energy. Farmer preferences emerged that highlighted forages with likely better chances of adoption with weighed scores ranging 5.5–7.6 against a scale of 1–9, across the counties. The observations provide additional and well-performing forage options for the farmers and possibly in similar production systems and ecologies. Awareness creation targeting livestock and dairy producers would be key, reaching, and informing them on alternative forage options, with potential to increase livestock productivity.

scholarly journals Biomass production and phosphorus use of forage grasses fertilized with two phosphorus sources

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sílvio Júnio Ramos ◽  
Valdemar Faquin ◽  
Carlos Ribeiro Rodrigues ◽  
Carlos Alberto Silva ◽  
Paulo Fernandes Boldrin
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
P Use Efficiency ◽  
Forage Plants ◽  
P Accumulation ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Total P ◽  
P Sources

A major constraint to agricultural production in acid soils of tropical regions is the low soil P availability, due to the high adsorption capacity, low P level in the source material and low efficiency of P uptake and use by most of the modern varieties grown commercially. This study was carried out to evaluate the biomass production and P use by forage grasses on two soils fertilized with two P sources of different solubility. Two experiments were carried out, one for each soil (Cambisol and Latosol), using pots filled with 4 dm³ soil in a completely randomized design and a 4 x 2 factorial scheme. The treatments consisted of a combination of four forage plants (Brachiaria decumbens, Brachiaria brizantha, Pennisetum glaucum and Sorghum bicolor) with two P sources (Triple Superphosphate - TSP and Arad Reactive Phosphate - ARP), with four replications. The forage grasses were harvested at pre-flowering, when dry matter weight and P concentrations were measured. Based on the P concentration and dry matter production, the total P accumulation was calculated. With these data, the following indices were calculated: the P uptake efficiency of roots, P use efficiency, use efficiency of available P, use efficiency of applied P and agronomic efficiency. The use of the source with higher solubility (TSP) resulted, generally, in higher total dry matter and total P accumulation in the forage grasses, in both soils. For the less reactive source (ARP), the means found in the forage grasses, for use efficiency and efficient use of available P, were always higher when grown in Latosol, indicating favorable conditions for the solubility of ARP. The total dry matter of Brachiaria brizantha was generally higher, with low P uptake, accumulation and translocation, which indicated good P use efficiency for both P sources and soils. The forage plants differed in the P use potential, due to the sources of the applied P and of the soils used. Less than 10 % of the applied P was immobilized in the forage dry matter. Highest values were observed for TSP, but this was not reflected in a higher use efficiency of P from this source.

scholarly journals Oxalate and silica contents of seven varieties of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum)

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-402
Author(s):  
M.M. Rahman ◽  
M.S. Norshazwani ◽  
T. Gondo ◽  
M.N. Maryana ◽  
R. Akashi
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Stem Tissue ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Plant Maturity ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Oxalate and silica are considered antinutrients. Large quantities of oxalate and silica in plants can interfere with the uptake of essential minerals in ruminants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the total silica and oxalate contents of seven varieties of Napier grass to find out which is best for cultivation. Taiwan, Zanzibar, Pakchong, Purple, Kobe, Indian, and Dwarf Napier grass were grown in a completely randomized design with three replications to determine their soluble oxalate, total oxalate, and silica contents. Plants were harvested at two months of plant maturity. Whole plant of the Dwarf Napier grass contained significantly higher soluble oxalate content than tall varieties. Total oxalate content in whole plant differed significantly among varieties. Dwarf showed the highest total oxalate content (3.23% dry matter (DM)) followed by Kobe (2.61%), Zanzibar (2.60%), Purple (2.44%), Taiwan (2.43%), Indian (2.15%), and Pakchong (1.95%). Regardless of variety, leaf tissue contained significantly higher soluble oxalate and total oxalate than stem tissue. There were no differences in silica content among them. In conclusion, the tall varieties could produce lower levels of soluble oxalate than the Dwarf variety, whereas silica content might not vary among them.Keywords: botanical fractions, mineral bioavailability, ruminant

scholarly journals RESPONE OF FORAGES BY ADMINISTRATION OF FERMENTED GOAT URINE

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Nevy Diana
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Setaria Sphacelata ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

Urine goat fermentented can be used as organic fertilizers element hara on the ground For the agricultural crops and forage. Theof this study todetermine dosage of fermented goat urine onnumber of tillers, plant heightproduction of fresh dry matter,content of Phosphor and potassium on different forages (Pennisetum purpureum schumach), (Setaria sphacelata)and (Brachiaria brizantha). Experimental design usedfactorial with two factors, the first factor wasdose of fermented goat urine (liters /ha) composed of P0 = 0/ha,P1 = 10/ha, P2 = 15/haand P3 = 20/ha and the second factor was forages composed of R1 Pennisetum purpureum schumach, R2 Setaria sphacelataand R3 Brachiaria brizanta. The results showed that dosage of fermented goat urine and species of forage and interaction had significant effect (P<0.05) on number of tillers, plant height, fresh and dry weight production, phosphorus and potassium of plant.Increasing dosage, dosage fermented goat urine.Increase plantheight, fresh weight, dry weight production while, growth of Pennisetum purpureum schumach was higher than Brachiaria brizantha and Setaria sphacelata. The optimum dosage fermented goat urine on Pennisetum purpureum schumach was 20 liters/ha while on Brachiaria brizantha and Setaria sphacelata was 15 liters/ha. It is concluded that usage increase growth of forages and the best combination show on Pennisetum purpureum schumach with dosage at 20 liters /ha.Keywords: Forages, Urine goat fermented,  productivity.

scholarly journals Effect of Napier grass ensiled with or without inclusion of soy waste on the performance of growing goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mijanur Rahman ◽  
Raja Ili Airina Binti Raja Khalif ◽  
Wan Embong Wan Khadijah ◽  
Ramli Bin Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Growing Goats ◽  
Soy Waste ◽  
Ruminant Feed

Utilization of soy waste as a ruminant feed is low due to storage problems and transportation costs.An experiment was carried out with fifteen goats to assess the feeding value of Napier grass(Pennisetum purpureum) ensiled with or without soy waste. Grass ensiled without soy waste wastermed as NM silage, while grass ensiled 30% soy waste (w/w) was termed as NMS silage. In bothsilages, 1.0% molasses (w/w) were incorporated to enhance the fermentation process. After 2months of ensiling, three diets were formulated and assigned to one of three groups: (i) Napier grassad libitum plus 1% pellet of body weight (BW) on a dry matter (DM) basis (T1), (ii) NM silage adlibitum plus 1% soy waste of BW on a DM basis (T2), and (iii) NMS silage ad libitum (T3). TheNMS silage showed a lower pH (4.04 vs. 4.64) than NM silage. The NMS silage exhibited higherproportions of DM, organic matter (OM), and crude protein (CP) compared to NM silage. Animalsreceived T1 diet showed higher (p<0.05) DM, OM and neutral detergent fibre intake compared tothe animals received T2 and T3 diets. However, animals received T2 diet showed higher CP intakethan the animals received T1 and T3 diets. Similarly, animals received T2 diet showed higher(p<0.05) BW gain (49.4 vs. 16.5 g/d) than the goats fed T3 diet. In conclusion, the T3 diet mayhave limited goat performance, which needs further study to improve the quality of silage.

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