Oxalate and silica contents of seven varieties of Napier grass (<i>Pennisetum purpureum</i>)

Oxalate and silica are considered antinutrients. Large quantities of oxalate and silica in plants can interfere with the uptake of essential minerals in ruminants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the total silica and oxalate contents of seven varieties of Napier grass to find out which is best for cultivation. Taiwan, Zanzibar, Pakchong, Purple, Kobe, Indian, and Dwarf Napier grass were grown in a completely randomized design with three replications to determine their soluble oxalate, total oxalate, and silica contents. Plants were harvested at two months of plant maturity. Whole plant of the Dwarf Napier grass contained significantly higher soluble oxalate content than tall varieties. Total oxalate content in whole plant differed significantly among varieties. Dwarf showed the highest total oxalate content (3.23% dry matter (DM)) followed by Kobe (2.61%), Zanzibar (2.60%), Purple (2.44%), Taiwan (2.43%), Indian (2.15%), and Pakchong (1.95%). Regardless of variety, leaf tissue contained significantly higher soluble oxalate and total oxalate than stem tissue. There were no differences in silica content among them. In conclusion, the tall varieties could produce lower levels of soluble oxalate than the Dwarf variety, whereas silica content might not vary among them.Keywords: botanical fractions, mineral bioavailability, ruminant

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PENGARUH DOSIS BOKASHI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI PADA PEMOTONGAN PERTAMA RUMPUT GAJAH MINI (Pennisetum Purpureum cv. Mott)

Jurnal Riset dan Inovasi Peternakan (Journal of Research and Innovation of Animals) ◽

10.23960/jrip.2021.5.2.105-113 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 105-113

Author(s):

Azaria Dhea Gantina ◽

Farida Fathul ◽

Liman Liman ◽

Muhtarudin Muhtarudin

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Experimental Treatment ◽

Pennisetum Purpureum ◽

Optimum Dose ◽

Treatment Unit ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Matter Production ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Dwarf Elephant Grass

This research aims was to determine the effect of bokashi dose on plant height, number of tillers, percentage of stems, fresh production, and dry matter production and also to determine the optimum dose of bokashi to obtain the best results on growth and production at the first harvest of dwarf elephant grass. This research was conducted in March 2020 - July 2020 in Sidodadi Asri village, Jati Agung district, South Lampung regency. This research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 levels of treatment, namely P0 (control); P1 (bokashi dosage 30 tons/ha); P2 (bokashi dosage 40 tons/ha); and P3 (bokashi dosage 50 tons/ha). Each experimental treatment unit has plot measuring 2x2 m2. Each trial unit was repeated 3 times, so there were 12 trial units. The data were analyzed by variations analyzed at 5% and or 1% level, after that it was followed by orthogonal polynomial test. The results showed that the dose of bokashi had a significant effect (P<0,05) on plant height, fresh production, and dry production, but had no significant effect (P>0,05) on number of tillers, and percentage of stems. The effect of bokashi fertilizer on plant height was obtained by using the optimum bokashi dose of 36.73 tons/ha and the equation was = 60,13 + 35,38x - 6.62x2 [0 ; 50 ton/Ha] (P<0,01). The optimum dose was not obtained for the number of tillers, percentage of stems, fresh production, and dry production. Keywords: Plant height, Number of tillers, Percentage of stems, Fresh production, Dry production

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PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PUPUK N-P-K TERHADAP HASIL BAHAN KERING DAN PROTEIN KASAR RUMPUT Brachiaria humidicola cv. Tully dan Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott

ZOOTEC ◽

10.35792/zot.34.2.2014.5533 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 109

Author(s):

Novita V.F Sigar ◽

D. A. Kaligis ◽

W. B. Kaunang ◽

S. S Malalantang

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Pennisetum Purpureum ◽

Factor B ◽

Brachiaria Humidicola ◽

Randomized Design ◽

K Fertilizer ◽

Two Factors ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Fertilizer Combination

THE EFFECT OF N-P-K FERTILIZER ON THE YIELD OF DRY MATTER AND CRUDE PROTEIN OF GRASS (Brachiaria humidicola cv. Tully and Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott.). This research was done to evaluate the effect of macro elements N-P-K on the dry matter and crude protein yield of grass (Brachiaria humidicola cv. Tully and Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott). The research used combination of N-P-K fertilizer. The treatments were arranged in factorial design based on the Completely Randomized Design with two factors, three treatments and four replications. The factor A was applied for testing different grass of Brachiaria humidicola cv. Tully (a1), and Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott (a2). The factor B was fertilizer combination of N (b1), NP (b2), and NPK (b3). Variables observed were dry matter and crude protein. The results of variance analysis showed that treatment affected significantly (P <0.05) dry matter and crude protein. Application of factor A indicated that both grasses had positively response to the application of N-P-K fertilizer measured on the yield of dry matter and crude protein. Keywords: N-P-K Fertilizer, Dry Matter, Protein, Brachiaria humidicola cv. Tully and Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott.

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Forage production of elephant grass under intermittent stocking

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2013000200015 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 234-240 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Carla Silva Chaves ◽

Carlos Augusto de Miranda Gomide ◽

Karina Guimarães Ribeiro ◽

Domingos Sávio Campos Paciullo ◽

Francisco José da Silva Ledo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Accumulation Rate ◽

Stocking Density ◽

Rest Period ◽

Pennisetum Purpureum ◽

Elephant Grass ◽

Forage Production ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Matter Production ◽

Completely Randomized Design

The objective of this work was to evaluate the dry matter production of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) genotypes, managed under intermittent stocking. A completely randomized design was used, with two genotypes and three replicates. The treatments consisted of factorial combinations (2x2x2) of genotypes ('BRS Kurumi' and the clone CNPGL 00‑1‑3), two light interception levels (LI) at the onset of grazing (90 and 95%), and two post‑grazing canopy heights (30 and 50 cm). A total of 24 Holstein x Zebu crossbred heifers were used. The stocking density varied in order to finish the grazing periods in two days. The interval between the defoliation, based on 95% LI, resulted in a higher leaf mass per grazing cycle. The post‑grazing height of 30 cm did not affect the number of grazing cycles but provided a greater herbage accumulation rate. The cultivar BRS Kurumi has higher pasture growth, lower rest period, and greater number of grazing cycles, which results in increased forage production in the growing season.

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Effects of additives and their levels of inclusion on nutritive value of silage made from elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum)

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v45i2.521 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 352-362

Author(s):

M. Baba ◽

A. Nasir ◽

A. Kabiru ◽

M. V ◽

G. A. Umar

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Pennisetum Purpureum ◽

Elephant Grass ◽

Grass Silage ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Feed Value ◽

Inclusion Level ◽

Completely Randomized Design

The experiment was conducted to determine the effects of three additives (molasses, cracked corn and corn-soybean) and inclusion levels (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 %) on nutritive value of elephant grass (Pennistum purpureum) silage. The experimental design was a 3×5 factorial in a completely randomized design with each treatment replicated three times. Samples were obtained from Pasture Museum. Elephant grass stands at late vegetative stage were randomly selected and harvested at 7 cm stubble height. Grass was chopped into 2-3 cm length. Five hundred gram of the sample was weighed in each case; additives were added separately at the designated inclusion levels and mixed thoroughly. Materials were then tightly packed into laboratory silos compressed and sealed tightly and left for a fermentation period of 21 days. The results indicated crude protein (CP) was significantly greater (10.92%) in silage treated with corn-soybean additive compared with other additives. Crude fiber (CF) was observed to be lower in molasses treated elephant grass silage (27.74 %). Acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were both lower in molasses treated silage (24.76 and 43.26 % respectively). The CP was observed to increase with increased inclusion level of the additive while CF decreased. Values for digestible dry matter (DDM), dry matter intake (DMI)as a percentage of body weight and relative feed value (RFV) were greater (P<0.05) in molasses treated silage compared to corn and corn-soybean. The DDM, DMI and RFV values were higher (P<0.05) at 7.5 and 10 % inclusion levels. Significant interactions were observed between additives and inclusion levels in most parameters measured. It was concluded that molasses additive could be used in elephant grass silage during ensiling at 7.5-10 % levels of inclusion.

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MORPHOPHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF COWPEA GENOTYPES TO IRRIGATION WATER SALINITY

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252017v30n421rc ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 1001-1008

Author(s):

JOÃO PEDRO ALVES DE AQUINO ◽

ANTÔNIO AÉCIO DE CARVALHO BEZERRA ◽

FRANCISCO DE ALCÂNTARA NETO ◽

CARLOS JOSÉ GONCALVES DE SOUZA LIMA ◽

RAYLSON RODRIGUES DE SOUSA

Keyword(s):

Irrigation Water ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Arid Regions ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Water Salinity ◽

Productive Capacity ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Irrigation Water Salinity ◽

Water Salt ◽

Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT Cowpea is broadly cultivated worldwide, especially in semi-arid or arid regions where soil or irrigation water salt contents can negatively influence the species’ productive capacity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphophysiological responses of cowpea genotypes to irrigation water salinity. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, under a completely randomized design with nine replications and in a 5x3 factorial scheme. Treatments consisted of five levels of irrigation water electrical conductivity - EC (EC0: 0.55; EC1: 1.60; EC2: 3.20; EC3: 4.80 and EC4: 6.40 dS m-1), applied from the 15th day after sowing (DAS), and three cowpea genotypes (G1: BRS Imponente; G2: MNC04-795F-168 and G3: MNC04-795F-159). EC increases at 35 DAS promoted stem diameter reductions of 8.0% (G1), 11.4% (G2), and 7.7% (G3), indicating different resistance to salinity by each genotype. Leaf area reductions at 25 and 38 DAS were 30.9% and 38.8% for EC0 and EC4, respectively. The BRS Imponente cultivar presented a performance superior to those of G2 and G3 in relation to stem diameter and stem dry matter at 25 DAS, and root-shoot and root-leaf ratios at 38 DAS.

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Competitive analysis of soybean and sudangrass using replacement series design

Revista CERES ◽

10.1590/0034-737x201663050011 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 63 (5) ◽

pp. 668-675

Author(s):

Mauro Antônio Rizzardi ◽

Alana Cristina Dorneles Wandscheer ◽

Andrea Ferreira Hoffmann

Keyword(s):

Competitive Analysis ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Agricultural Crops ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Replacement Series ◽

Series Design ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Agricultural Areas

ABSTRACT Competition is the best known form of direct interference of weeds on agricultural crops. However, there is relatively little information on the competition of the weed sudangrass on soybean, which has been common in agricultural areas in the southern of Rio Grande do Sul. The objective of this study was to evaluate the competition between sudangrass and soybeans using replacement series experiments. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design with four replications. The treatments consisted of soybean and sudangrass associations. The experimental units were 8-L plastic pots, in the proportions 0: 8, 2: 6, 4: 4, 6: 2, 8: 0, corresponding to 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the crop and weed respectively. Shoot, root and total dry matter and plant height were analyzed through diagrams applied to replacement series and competitive indices. Soybean showed competitive superiority in coexistence with sudangrass in relation to shoot, root and total dry matter. The intraspecific competition was more significant for the crop and inter-specific competition was more important for the weed.

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Tolerance of Annual Winter Species to Protoporfirinogen Oxidase Inhibiting Herbicides (Protox)

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582018360100089 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (0) ◽

Author(s):

C. ALVES ◽

L. GALON ◽

R.R. KAIZER ◽

F.L. WINTER ◽

C.M. HOLZ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Species ◽

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

F Test ◽

Tolerant Species ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Linear Regressions

ABSTRACT: The use of plant species for the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with herbicides is an alternative that has been emphasized to minimize the effects of the persistence of agrochemicals in the environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerance potential of winter species in soils contaminated with sulfentrazone and fomesafen. The experiment was in a completely randomized design with four replications. Doses of fomesafen (0.0, 0.125, 0.250, and 0.5 kg ha-1) and sulfentrazone (0.0, 0.3, 0.6 and 1.2 kg ha-1) were applied during the pre-emergence of phytoremediate species (black oat, vetch, birdsfood trefoil, radish and lupin). Forty five days after the emergence of the species, the phytotoxicity (%), leaf area (cm2), stalk and/or stem diameter (mm), height (cm) and dry matter (g) variables of the plants were evaluated. Data were submitted to analysis of variance by F test; when significant, linear or non linear regressions were applied to evaluate the effect of herbicide doses on the studied species. Birdsfood trefoil was the less tolerant species to fomesafen and sulfentrazone. Black oat was less affected by the application of fomesafen doses, but it was highly susceptible to sulfentrazone. Radish presented tolerance only up to the fomesafen dose of 0.25 kg ha-1; as for sulfentrazone, the species showed tolerance. The most tolerant species to fomesafen and sulfentrazone, regardless of the dose, was the lupine, which is a possible alternative for the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with these herbicides.

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Size and vigor of Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan seeds harvested in Caatinga areas

Journal of Seed Science ◽

10.1590/2317-1545v39n4173727 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 363-373 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jaciara de Souza Bispo ◽

Danielle Carolina Campos da Costa ◽

Samara Elizabeth Vieira Gomes ◽

Gilmara Moreira de Oliveira ◽

Janete Rodrigues Matias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Climate Variations ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Mother Plants ◽

Physiological Quality ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Abstract: Angico is a species found in several environments in Brazil, with several applications. It is used in the timber industry and mainly in folk medicine. In order to verify a variation in the biometric characteristics and the quality of seeds from different mother-plants in different harvesting years, the following variables were studied: moisture content, diameter, density, electrical conductivity, fresh and dry matter of seedlings, germination percentage and kinetics, in a completely randomized design with a 2x3 factorial arrangement (lots x size). The obtained results showed that angico seeds from different lots showed different physiological quality, possibly due to the climate variations to which mother-plants were submitted in the different years. Seed size directly interferes with seedling growth under both controlled and greenhouse conditions, and it can be used as a vigor indicator for angico seeds.

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KECERNAAN IN VITRO SILASE SAMPAH SAYUR DAN DAUN GAMAL MENGGUNAKAN MIKROORGANISME RUMEN KAMBING

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Peternakan Tropis ◽

10.33772/jitro.v2i3.3808 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 17

Author(s):

Indrayani Indrayani ◽

Harapin Hafid ◽

Dian Agustina

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Vegetable Waste ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Honestly Significant Difference ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter level waste silage mixed vegetables and Gliricidia leaves were tested in vitro. This study used a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 3 replications. Each of these treatments is R0 (Gliricidia leaves 100%), R1 (Gliricidia leaves 70% + 30% silage vegetable waste), and R2 (Gliricidia leaves 40% + 60% silage vegetable waste). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and further testing using the test Honestly Significant Difference (HSD). The results of ANOVA showed that the mixture of vegetable waste silage was highly significant (p <0.05) on dry matter digestibility and significantly (p <0.05) on the digestibility of organic matter. It can be concluded that the mixed of vegetable waste silage and Gliricidia leaves can improved digestibility of dry matter and organic matter, treatment of 40% and 60% Gliricidia leaves plus waste vegetable produce silage dry matter digestibility and percentage of organic matter is best (72,24% and 68,19%).Keyword: Silage vegetable waste, gliricidia leaves, dry and organic matter digestibilityABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kecenaan bahan kering dan bahan organik tingkat campuran silase sampah sayur dan daun gamal yang diuji secara in vitro. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 3 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Masing-masing perlakuan tersebut ialah R0 (daun gamal 100%), R1 (daun gamal 70% + silase sampah sayur 30%), dan R2 (daun gamal 40% + silase sampah sayur 60%). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis sidik ragam (ANOVA) dan uji lanjut menggunakan uji Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ). Hasil analisis sidik ragam menunjukkan bahwa campuran silase sampah sayur berpengaruh sangat nyata (p<0,05) terhadap kecernaan bahan kering dan berpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap kecernaan bahan organik. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa perlakuan campuran silase sampah sayur dan daun gamal dapat meningkatkan kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik, perlakuan 40% daun gamal dan 60% silase sampah sayur menghasilkan persentase kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik yang terbaik yaitu (72,24% dan 68,19%).Kata kunci : Silase sampah sayur, daun gamal, kecernaan bahan kering, dan bahan organik.

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Production of Bambusa vulgaris seedlings from rhizomes under brackish water irrigation

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v24n5p337-342 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (5) ◽

pp. 337-342

Author(s):

Lourenço M. C. Branco ◽

Claudivan F. de Lacerda ◽

Albanise B. Marinho ◽

Carlos H. C. de Sousa ◽

Amanda S. F. Calvet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Exchange ◽

Brackish Water ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Photosynthesis Rate ◽

Seedling Production ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Bambusa Vulgaris ◽

Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of irrigation with brackish water on the production of bamboo seedlings (Bambusa vulgaris). The experiment was carried out at the Fazenda Experimental Piroás, in the municipality of Redenção, CE, Brazil (4° 14’ 53” S, 38° 45’ 10” W, and altitude of 230 m), in a completely randomized design with five treatments and six repetitions. The treatments consisted of five irrigation water electrical conductivity (ECw): 0.5 (control); 1.5; 2.5; 3.5 and 4.5 dS m-1. At 120 days after the beginning of the application of the treatments the leaf gas exchange, relative chlorophyll index (RCI), plant height (H), shoot dry matter (SDM), H/SDM ratio, and the concentrations of Na+ and K+ in stems and leaves were evaluated. Salt tolerance indexes were calculated based on SDM, H, photosynthesis rate and RCI. The increase in the ECw reduced leaf gas exchange, and the reduction in the photosynthesis rate was caused by stomatal and non-stomatal effects. The salinity affected negatively the growth and quality of bamboo seedlings, with the greatest effects being with ECw equal to or greater than 2.5 dS m-1. Bamboo seedlings present Na+ retention in the stems and low Na+/K+ ratio in the leaves. Bamboo seedlings are tolerant to salinity up to 1.5 dS m-1, indicating that waters with this salinity can be used for seedling production of this species, without loss of growth and quality.

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