scholarly journals Crop Response to Soil Acidity Factors in Ultisols and Oxisols in Puerto Rico-Soybeans

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-112
Author(s):  
Fernando Abruña ◽  
José Rodríguez ◽  
José Badillo-Feliciano ◽  
Servando Silva ◽  
José Vicente-Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Mn Content ◽  
Soybean Leaves

The effect of various soil acidity factors on yield and foliar composition of soybean (Glycine max (L) Merrill) were determined in three Ultisols and one Oxisol. Soybeans responded strongly in yield and foliar composition to variations in soil acidity of the Ultisols and to a lesser extent to variation in acidity of the Oxisol. The best correlations were obtained with the Corozal soil (Ultisol) where the yields were increased from 62 kg/ha, when the Al saturation was over 60%, to about 2,000 kg/ha, when the Al saturation was less than 10% (pH 5.6). The least response was obtained with the Coto soil (Oxisol, irrigated). The highest yield of 3,555 kg/ha was obtained when the Al saturation was less than 10%. About 71% of the maximum yield was obtained at over 30% Al saturation (pH 4.3). Variation in the acidity factors significantly affected the N and Ca content of the soybean leaves on the Ultisols, whereas the other nutrients were unaffected. In the Oxisol, only the Mn content was affected. Nodulation in the Ultisols was severely reduced as the percent Al saturation increased.

scholarly journals Crop Response to Soil Acidity Factors in Ultisols and Oxisols in Puerto Rico. XIII. Cabbage

1969 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-376
Author(s):  
Edmundo Rivera ◽  
José Rodríguez ◽  
Fernando Abruña
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Apparent Effect ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
P Content

The effect of acidity factors of two Ultisols and one Oxisol on yield and foliar composition of cabbage was determined. On all soils, cabbage responded markedly in yield to liming, but response was stronger on the ultisols. All soil acidity factors correlated significantly with yields. On the Ultisols, yields increased with decreasing acidity up to the highest level of limiting, pH 5.6. Only 50% of maximum yield was obtained at 12-13%. AI saturation of the CEC and essentially no yields were produced at pH values below 4.5 with 50% Al saturation, a level of acidity common in Ultisols. About 50% of maximum yield was obtained at pH 4.7 with 25% Al saturation on the Oxisols compared with about 22% of maximum yield obtained at this level of acidity on the Ultisols. Density of the cabbage heads correlated positively with soil acidity on all soils. Soil acidity had no apparent effect on foliar composition of the basal leaves. Calcium content of the head leaves correlated negatively with soil acidity factors on the Ultisols. Basal leaves had a higher Ca content than head leaves and both had a higher Ca and a lower P content on the Coto soil than on the Corozal soils.

scholarly journals Crop Response to Soil Acidity Factors in Ultisols and Oxisols in Puerto Rico. XII. Tomatoes

1969 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-365
Author(s):  
Edmundo Rivera ◽  
José Rodríguez ◽  
Fernando Abruña
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Exchangeable Al

The effect of acidity factors of two Ultisols and one Oxisol on yield and foliar composition of tomatoes was determined. Yields were not markedly reduced by acidity in the Ultisols until pH dropped to around 4.6 with 45% Al saturation of the cation exchange capacity (CEC), and no yield was produced at about pH 4.1 and 80% Al saturation. In the Oxisol, tomato yields dropped steadily from 39.7 t/ha, when there was no exchangeable AI, to 17.5 t/ha at the highest level of acidity, pH 4.4 and 43% AI saturation. In all soils, yields were closely correlated with soil pH, exchangeable Al and Ca and Al/Ca.

scholarly journals Effects of manganese toxicity on the growth of soybean (Glycine max L.) at the seedling stage

2021 ◽  
pp. 803-811
Author(s):  
Ying Liu ◽  
Jing Ye Chen ◽  
Xiao Hao Li ◽  
Shao Xia Yang ◽  
Han Qiao Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mn Toxicity ◽  
Main Symptom ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Soybean Roots ◽  
Mn Concentration

Effects of manganese (Mn) toxicity stress on the growth of soybean, the number of Mn spots on leaves and the absorption of iron and magnesium were studied by nutrient solution hydroponics. The results showed that the presence of Mn spots on leaves was the main symptom of Mn toxicity in soybean. When the concentration of exogenous Mn was 25 μmol/l, the leaf generated obvious Mn oxidation spots; when the concentration of exogenous Mn exceeded 50 μmol/l, the growth of soybean was inhibited, and the number of Mn spots increased significantly. With the increase in exogenous Mn concentration, the Mn concentration in the roots, young leaves and old leaves of soybean increased significantly. When the concentration of exogenous Mn reached 200 μmol/l, the number of Mn spots on primary leaves, old leaves and young leaves increased significantly. Although the iron concentration in the roots remained the same, the iron content in the old and young leaves decreased significantly. On the other hand, although Mn toxicity significantly reduced the concentration of magnesium in soybean roots, it increased the concentration of magnesium in old and young leaves. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 803-811, 2021 (September) Special

Crop Response to Soil Acidity Factors in Ultisols and Oxisols in Puerto Rico. X. Pigeon Peas

1969 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-443
Author(s):  
F. Abruña ◽  
E. Rivera ◽  
J. A. Rodríguez-García
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Leaf Composition

The effect of various soil acidity factors on yield and leaf composition of pigeon peas [Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth] was determined in two Ultisols and one Oxisol. Pigeon peas barely responded in yield to soil acidity levels in the Oxisol, but responded strongly to variations in soil acidity in the two Ultisols. Yields increased from almost zero at the highest level of acidity (about pH 4 and 80% Al saturation) to more than 8 t/ha at about pH 6.0 with no exchangeable Al present. Yields increased with increasing soil pH, decreasing exchangeable Al content, and increasing exchangeable Al:Ca ratio. Yields were highest when pH was about 6.0, exchangeable Al was less than 20%, and exchangeable Al:Ca was less than 1.0. Soil acidity did not affect leaf composition, except that Ca content decreased with increasing acidity and correlated well with yields, ranging from about 0.5% with lowest yields to more than 1% with the highest yields. Number of nodules per plant was not affected by acidity factors, except at the highest level of acidity, at which no nodules were found.

Morphogenèse foliaire et activité photosynthétique chez le soja (Glycine max)

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1039-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Barthou ◽  
R. Buis
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Stem Development

The main stem development and the photosynthetic activity of leaves 2 to 9 were studied in soja (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) at the leaf blade extension and adult stages. A correlation between the different leaf growth parameters (rates, durations) and the phyllochrone has been demonstrated. That correlation varied with the age and rank of the leaf. Moreover, the existence of correlations between net photosynthesis on one hand and the rate of development and the leaf growth kinetics on the other hand reveals an interdependence between photosynthesis and morphogenesis. [Journal translation]

scholarly journals Crop Response to Soil Acidity Factors in Ultisols and Oxisols in Puerto Rico. VII. Dry Beans

1969 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-437
Author(s):  
Fernando Abruña ◽  
José A. Rodríguez García ◽  
José Badillo Feliciano
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Dry Beans ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Exchangeable Al

Yields of dry beans on a Corozal clay (Ultisol) dropped sharply when acidity increased beyond pH 4.7 and with 30% Al saturation of the effective CEC of the soil. No crop was produced at pH 4.1 with 80% Al saturation. Similar results were obtained on a Corozal clay subsoil, but the effect of increasing acidity on bean yields was much more marked. Lower yields were obtained on a Coto clay (Oxisol) with a relatively small response to soil acidity. For all soils combined, pH and percent Al saturation of the exchange capacity of the soil correlated very closely with yields. There was also a positive correlation between Ca content of the leaves and yields. Highest yields were obtained around pH 5.2 when there was essentially no exchangeable Al in the soil. Yields decreased to about 50% of maximum when Al saturation increased to 50%, and no yields were produced when Al saturation of the soil approached 80%.

scholarly journals Response of soybean (Glycine max L.) to application of lime and phosphate fertilizer in an acid soil of western Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-475
Author(s):  
Peter Asbon Opala
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Better Than

The effect of combining lime and phosphate fertilizer on the performance of soybean (Glycine max L.) was investigated in a pot experiment consisting of nine treatments of three rates of lime (0, 4 and 8 t ha−1) in a factorial combination with three rates of phosphorus (0, 15, and 30 kg P ha−1) at Maseno University in western Kenya. There was a significant interaction between the lime and phosphorus rate on the biomass dry weight of soybean. At the rates of 0 and 4 t ha-1 of lime, the biomass dry weight of soybean increased with increasing rates of phosphorus but at 8 t ha-1 of lime, the dry weight of soybean increased from 0 to 15 kg P ha-1 but declined at 30 kg P ha-1. There was however no significant interaction between lime and P rates on grain weight but the effects of both P and lime rate were significant. When applied without lime, 30 kg P ha-1 gave significantly higher grain (5.3 g pot-1) weight than 15 kg P ha-1 (1.6 g pot-1) of soybean, which was also significantly better than the control (0.0 g pot-1). When applied without phosphorus, both lime rates at 4 and 8 t ha−1 significantly increased grain weights of soybean compared to the control, but the grain weights of soybean between the two lime rates did not differ significantly. The highest yields of soybean were obtained when 4 t ha−1 of lime was applied with 30 kg P ha−1 (19 g pot-1). Therefore, this study demonstrates that the ameliorating deleterious effects of soil acidity through liming should simultaneous be accompanied by application of P fertilizer at appropriate rates.

scholarly journals First Report of Phomopsis longicolla Infection of Cowpea Pods and Seeds in Mississippi

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 693-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. Roy ◽  
S. Ratnayake
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Phomopsis Longicolla ◽  
First Report ◽  
Black Spots ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Germinating Seeds

Mature cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) pods with scattered, irregular black spots, similar in appearance to those found on mature soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) pods infected with Phomopsis longicolla T. W. Hobbs, were observed in three fields in Oktibbeha County, MS, in September 1994. In a delayed harvest sample of pods and seeds from one field, a fungus identified as P. longicolla (1) was isolated from more than 60% of surface-disinfested, excised pod disks and from 42% of surface-disinfested seeds. Average frequencies of isolation from seeds harvested at the normal time from the other two fields were 27 and 9%. When surface-disinfested soybean seeds (cv. Avery) were placed along the margins of P. longicolla colonies on potato dextrose agar, the radicals from most germinating seeds became necrotic and many seeds did not germinate. Koch's postulates were completed by reisolating the fungus from diseased tissue. Reference: (1) T. W. Hobbs et al. Mycologia 77:535, 1985.

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