scholarly journals Effects of Soil Acidity Factors on Yields and Foliar Composition of Two Rice Varieties withSupplementary Overhead Irrigation

1969 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-422
Author(s):  
Fernando Abruña ◽  
Edmundo Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Overhead Irrigation ◽  
Decreasing Ph

Rice varieties IRS and Chontalpa 16 growing in two Ultisols with periodic overhead irrigation were quite tolerant to acidity producing around 80% of maximum yield at pH 4.8 and 30% Al saturation of the soils cation exchange capacity, a level common in Ultisols. However, maximum yields were obtained at pH 5.5 when no exchangeable Al was present in the soil. The Ca content of the leaves of both rice varieties decreased with decreasing pH and increasing Al saturation of the soils exchange capacity. Soil acidity factors in an Oxisol did not affect yields of the IRS variety, even at pH 4.5.

scholarly journals Crop Response to Soil Acidity Factors in Ultisols and Oxisols in Puerto Rico X1. Cassava.

1969 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 145-151
Author(s):  
Edmundo Rivera ◽  
Fernando Abruña ◽  
José Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Cassava Leaves ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Decreasing Ph ◽  
The Tropics

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), one of the major sources of carbohydrates throughout the tropics, was found to be very tolerant to high soil acidity in two Ultisols and one Oxisol. About 85% of maximum yields were obtained when Al saturation of the effective cation exchange capacity of the soil was around 60%, but highest yields were attained at about pH 5.3 with no exchangeable Al. Soil acidity factors did not affect the chemical composition of the cassava leaves, except for Mn, which increased with decreasing pH of the Oxisol. Tolerance of cassava to soil acidity was also confirmed by the fact that yields of 12 commercial varieties were not affected by Al saturation levels varying from 0 to 60% in an Ultisol.

scholarly journals Crop Response to Soil Acidity Factors in Ultisols and Oxisols in Puerto Rico. XII. Tomatoes

1969 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-365
Author(s):  
Edmundo Rivera ◽  
José Rodríguez ◽  
Fernando Abruña
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Exchangeable Al

The effect of acidity factors of two Ultisols and one Oxisol on yield and foliar composition of tomatoes was determined. Yields were not markedly reduced by acidity in the Ultisols until pH dropped to around 4.6 with 45% Al saturation of the cation exchange capacity (CEC), and no yield was produced at about pH 4.1 and 80% Al saturation. In the Oxisol, tomato yields dropped steadily from 39.7 t/ha, when there was no exchangeable AI, to 17.5 t/ha at the highest level of acidity, pH 4.4 and 43% AI saturation. In all soils, yields were closely correlated with soil pH, exchangeable Al and Ca and Al/Ca.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOST, HUMIC ACID AND PURE FULVATE ON IMPROVEMENT OF ULTISOL SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 247-254
Author(s):  
Resman ◽  
Sahta Ginting ◽  
Muhammad Tufaila ◽  
Fransiscus Suramas Rembon ◽  
Halim
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Humic And Fulvic Acids ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Exchangeable Al

The research aimed to determine the effectiveness of compost containing humic and fulvic acids, and pure humic and fulvic acids in increasing of Ultisol soil chemical properties. The research design used a randomized block design (RBD), consisting of 10 treatments, namely K0: 0 g polybag-1, KO1: 500 g polybag-1, KO2: 500 g polybag-1, KO3: 500 g polybag-1, KO4: 500 g polybag-1, KO5: 500 g polybag-1, KO6: 500 g polybag-1, KO7: 500 g of polybags-1, H: 50 g of polybag-1, A: 500 g polybag-1. Each treatment was repeated three times and obtained 30 treatment units. The results showed that pH H2O (K0: 4.49, KO1: 5.64, KO2: 5.47, KO3: 5.43, KO4: 5.51, KO5: 5.39, KO6: 5.48, KO7: 6.17, H: 5.06, F: 5.15), total-N (%) (K0: 0.13, KO1: 0.17, KO2: 0.18, KO3: 0.30, KO4: 0.25, KO5: 0.24, KO6: 0.29, KO7: 0.36, H: 0.16, F: 0.14), organic-C (%) (K0: 1.85, KO1; 2.30, KO2: 2.24, KO3: 2.33, KO4: 2.62, KO5: 2.25, KO6: 2.27, KO7: 2.95, H: 2.32, F: 2.26) , available-P (%) (K0: 2.75, KO1: 3.24, KO2: 3.16, KO3: 3.27, KO4: 3.57, KO5: 3.31, KO6: 3.37, KO7: 3.89, H: 3.10, F: 3.12), exchangeable-Al (me100g-1) (K0: 2.51, KO1: 2.11, KO2: 2.13, KO3: 2.15, KO4: 1.88, KO5: 2.14, KO6: 2.12, KO7: 1.75, H: 2.16, F: 2.17), base saturation (%) (K0: 30.91, KO1: 63.48, KO2: 52.63, KO3: 53.76, KO4: 56.13, KO5: 54.96, KO6: 56.71, KO7: 65.53, H: 39.11, F: 42.76), cation exchange capacity (me100g-1) (K0: 12.76, KO1: 15.64, KO2: 14.86, KO3: 14.35, KO4: 14.13, KO5: 15.01, KO6: 15.50, KO7: 17.94, H: 14.19, F: 13.73). The combined compost treatment of three types of organic matter (Imperata cylindrica + Rice straw + Glincidia sepium) is more effective in increasing the pH, H2O as 37.42%, total-N as 176.92%, Organic-C as 59.46%, available-P as 41.45%, base saturation as 65.53%, cation exchange capacity as 17.94% and exchangeable -Al, Alreduction as 30.28% of ultisol soil. KEY WORDS: compost, humic acid, fulvate, soil chemical, ultisol

Correction of Acid Infertility in Rwandan Oxisols with Lime from an Indigenous Source for Sustainable Cropping

1992 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles F. Yamoah ◽  
J. R. Burleigh ◽  
V. J. Eylands
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Simple Regression Analysis ◽  
Lime Application ◽  
Simple Regression

SUMMARYSustainable crop production on Rwandan oxisols is limited by widespread soil acidity caused by high levels of exchangeable aluminium. This study was designed to test the effectiveness of an indigenous lime material in counteracting the acidity and enhancing crop yields. Lime application significantly raised pH, exchangeable calcium and effective cation exchange capacity, and reduced exchangeable aluminium and total acidity. Calcium was directly proportional to effective cation exchange capacity (r = 0.962**) and was inversely related to aluminium (r = −0.955**). Consequently, yields of wheat, beans and potatoes, which served as test crops, were significantly increased by liming. Lime at high rates (4–8 t ha−1) had a longer residual effect than at low rates (less than 2 t ha−1), suggesting frequent applications are needed when low lime rates are used. Simple regression analysis showed an increase in pH of 0.154 units and a decrease in exchangeable aluminium of 0.385 meq 100 g−1 for a tonne of lime applied.

CONTRIBUTION OF EXCHANGEABLE ALUMINUM TO CATION EXCHANGE CAPACITY AT LOW pH

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARTIN DUQUETTE ◽  
WILLIAM H. HENDERSHOT
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Exchangeable Aluminum ◽  
Ph Dependent

The cation and anion exchange capacities (CEC and AEC) as functions of pH were measured for 12 soil samples from various parts of Quebec. In addition to the index cation Ca, Al was measured in the replacing solutions in order to evaluate the contribution of Al to pH-dependent CEC at low pH. Although all of the soils possessed some pH-dependent CEC, the soils with the steepest rise in CEC with pH were those with the largest accumulation of sesquioxides. The effective CEC, measured at the soil pH, ranged from 2.4 to 37.2 cmol(+) kg−1 while the CEC at pH 7 minus the CEC at pH3 varied from 4.4 to 39.9 cmol(+) kg−1. The maximum amount of exchangeable Al was found to correlate very highly with the amount of amorphous inorganic Al in the samples. The inclusion of exchangeable Al in the calculation did not significantly reduce the amount of pH-dependent CEC measured for the soils. Key words: Effective CEC, permanent charge, pH-dependent CEC

scholarly journals Respons Aplikasi Partikel Nano Abu Vulkanik dan Batuan Fosfat terhadap Beberapa Sifat Kimia Tanah Inceptisols Cilembu, Jawa Barat

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Pradhinto Dwi Nugroho ◽  
Mahfud Arifin ◽  
Rina Devnita
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Available P ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Phosphate Rocks

<p class="teksabst"><strong>Abstrak.</strong><em> </em>Kandungan dan ketersediaan unsur P,  yang merupakan unsur esensial,  rendah pada Inceptisols Cilembu. Unsur P dalam bentuk partikel nano diharapkan dapat mudah diserap oleh tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh amelioran partikel nano (abu vulkanik dan batuan fosfat) terhadap P-tersedia dan kemasaman tanah (pH-H<sub>2</sub>O), serta kapasitas tukar kation (KTK) tanah Inceptisols Cilembu, Sumedang, Jawa Barat. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari sampai dengan Juni 2019 di Laboratorium Fisika Tanah Departemen Ilmu Tanah dan Sumber Daya Lahan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran. Metode penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial. Penelitian dilakukan dengan inkubasi partikel nano abu vulkanik dan batuan fosfat dengan dosis masing-masing 0% (0 g), 2% (20 g per kg tanah), 4% (40 g per kg tanah) dan 6% (60 g per kg tanah). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terjadi interaksi antara partikel nano abu vulkanik dan batuan fosfat terhadap P-tersedia dan kemasaman tanah (pH-H<sub>2</sub>O) dan kapasitas tukar kation (KTK). Partikel nano abu vulkanik dan batuan fosfat terlihat nyata berpengaruh terhadap P tersedia setelah inkubasi bulan pertama dan bulan kedua. Penggunaan partikel nano abu vulkanik berpengaruh nyata terhadap meningkatnya pH setelah inkubasi bulan pertama. Interaksi partikel nano abu vulkanik dan partikel nano batuan fosfat tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap nilai KTK.<strong></strong></p><strong>Abstract. </strong>The content and availability of P, which is an essential element in Cilembu Inceptisols. is low. P element in the form of nano particles is expected to increase P availability. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of Ameliorant nanoparticles (volcanic ash and phosphate rock) on P availability and soil acidity (pH-H<sub>2</sub>O) as well as cation exchange capacity (CEC) in Inceptisols Cilembu, Sumedang, West Java. This research conducted in January to June 2019 in the Soil Physics Laboratory of the Department of Land Science and Land Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University. The research used Factorial Completely Randomized Design. The study carried out by incubation of volcanic ash nano particles and phosphate rocks with doses of 0% (0 g), 2% (20 g per kilograms of soil), 4% (40 g per kilograms of soil) and 6% (60 g per kilograms of soil). The results showed no interaction between volcanic ash nano particles and phosphate rocks on available P, soil acidity (pH-H<sub>2</sub>O) and cation exchange capacity (CEC). The effect of nano particles of volcanic ash and phosphate rock was significantly affected by available P after incubation of the first and second months. The use of nano volcanic ash particles has a significant effect on increasing pH after the incubation of the first month. Interaction effect of volcanic ash nano particles and phosphate rock nano particles was not significant on CEC value.

Surface charge characteristics and lime requirements of soils derived from basaltic, granite and metamorphic rocks in high rainfall tropical Queensland

Soil Research ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
GP Gillman ◽  
EA Sumpter
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Surface Charge ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Method ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Basaltic Soils ◽  
Highly Weathered Soils

The cation and anion exchange capacities of a large number of soils formed on basaltic, granitic, and metamorphic parent materials in the high rainfall area (approximately 4000 mm) of tropical north Queensland have been examined. Aspects studied included the changes in CEC and AEC between pH 4 and pH 6, the relative amounts of permanent and variable charge over this pH range, and the lime requirements of these highly weathered soils. A distinction is made between the Total Cation Exchange Capacity (CECT), defined as the Ca + Al adsorbed, and the Basic Cation Exchange Capacity (CECB), which is the Ca adsorbed. At low pH, CECB may be much less than CECT. The CEC, increase with pH in the highly oxidic basaltic soils is largely due to changes in surface charge, while in the granitic and metamorphic soils, increasing occupation of exchange sites by Al as pH decreases is the factor responsible for the increase in CECB. A good estimation of CECB at soil pH is obtained with a previously described compulsive exchange method, and there is high correlation between CECT at soil pH and the Effective Cation Exchange Capacity (= Ca + Mg + K + Na + Al). The amount of lime required to raise soil pH to pH 5.5 in the granitic and metamorphic soils was equivalent to the amount of exchangeable Al, but in the basaltic soils the lime requirement was two to three times greater than the amount of exchangeable Al.

scholarly journals Crop Response to Soil Acidity Factors in Ultisols and Oxisols in Puerto Rico. VIII. Yams

1969 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-445
Author(s):  
Fernando Abruña ◽  
José Vicente-Chandler ◽  
José A. Rodríguez García
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Dioscorea Alata ◽  
Crop Response

The effect of various soil acidity factors on yield and foliar composition of yams (Dioscorea alata L) were determined in two Ultisols and an Oxisol. The yam cultivar Smooth Statia responded strongly to variations in soil acidity in the two Ultisols. Yields decreased sharply as % Al saturation of the effective cation exchange capacity of the soil increased. Relative yields dropped to about 60% of maximum when Al saturation was only about 10%, and to 20% of maximum when Al saturation was 50%, a level common among Ultisols of Puerto Rico. The high sensitivity of this crop to soil acidity is shown by the fact that yields were sharply reduced when pH dropped from 5.6 to 5.1, a level at which most crops show little or no response to liming. Foliar composition was not affected by soil acidity, except that Ca content decreased with decreasing soil pH and increasing Al saturation. Yields of cultivar of the same species as Smooth Statia and known locally as Name de Palo were not affected by soil acidity levels in an Oxisol.

scholarly journals Crop Response to Soil Acidity Factors in Ultisols and Oxisols in Puerto Rico. XIV. Plantains and Bananas

1969 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-382
Author(s):  
Edmundo Rivera ◽  
José Rodríguez ◽  
Fernando Abruña
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Leaf Composition

The effect of soil acidity factors on yield components and leaf composition of plantains and bananas were studied on two Ultisols and one Oxisol. Both crops were extremely tolerant to soil acidity factors on all soils. On the Ultisols, plantains produced similar yields although pH varied from 4.1 to 6.0, and exchangeable Al contents from 0 to over 70% of the cation exchange capacity. On the Oxisol, similar yields were produced when pH varied from 4.25 to 5.25, and exchangeable Al contents from 0 to 48%. Soil acidity did not affect bunch weight or number or weight of fruits. Foliar composition was not affected except that Ca content decreased as acidity of the Ultisols increased. Similarly, bananas produced high yields of marketable fruit at all levels of soil acidity and none of the yield components were affected by the soil acidity factors. Foliar composition was not affected except that Ca content decreased with increasing acidity.

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