scholarly journals Preparation and characterization of Zinc metal soap from shea butter (Vitellaria paradoxa)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Amos ◽  
T. E Odetoye ◽  
D. S. Ogunniyi
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Shea Butter ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Vitellaria Paradoxa ◽  
Metal Soap ◽  
Zinc Metal ◽  
Metal Soaps

Zinc metal soaps are of great importance in the manufacture of personal care products and other industrial applications. Variations in the soaps and their properties are usually due to the type of oil used in the synthesis. Shea butter (Vitellaria paradoxa), being a valuable industrial raw material, was investigated for the synthesis of zinc metal soap. Locally obtained shea butter was characterized, refined and used to synthesize metal soap of zinc which was characterized. The zinc soap produced exhibited an off-white appearance, pH of 7.8, non-foaming, and no free alkalinity present. The functional groups in the soap were confirmed by FTIR.

scholarly journals Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment: A Review on the Identification Methods for Polymeric Materials

Recycling ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grigorescu ◽  
Grigore ◽  
Iancu ◽  
Ghioca ◽  
Ion
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Electronic Equipment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Identification Methods ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Characteristic Values ◽  
Materials Used

Considering that the large quantity of waste electrical and electronic equipment plastics generated annually causes increasing environmental concerns for their recycling and also for preserving of raw material resources, decreasing of energy consumption, or saving the virgin materials used, the present challenge is considered to be the recovery of individual polymers from waste electrical and electronic equipment. This study aims to provide an update of the main identification methods of waste electrical and electronic equipment such as spectroscopic fingerprinting, thermal study, and sample techniques (like identification code and burning test), and the characteristic values in the case of the different analyses of the polymers commonly used in electrical and electronic equipment. Additionally, the quality of the identification is very important, as, depending on this, new materials with suitable properties can be obtained to be used in different industrial applications. The latest research in the field demonstrated that a complete characterization of individual WEEE (Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment) components is important to obtain information on the chemical and physical properties compared to the original polymers and their compounds. The future directions are heading towards reducing the costs by recycling single polymer plastic waste fractions that can replace virgin plastic at a ratio of almost 1:1.

scholarly journals The elementary characterization of anthill clay for composite materials

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Aluvihara ◽  
C.S. Kalpage ◽  
P.W.S.K. Bandaranayake
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Advanced Material ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Soil Clay ◽  
Water Treatments ◽  
Elementary Characterization

Anthill clay is a distinct soil/clay genre among common soil types because of the extraordinary stockpiling method. The small particles are carried in and erected an anthill by a small creature that it is called as termite. In generally, clay is a conspicuous raw material for industrial applications greatly and the assay of expediencies of anthill clay for advanced material applications were the prospects of the existing research. Carefully collected anthill clay samples were characterized under the physically and chemically using standard procedures and instruments. The mechanical characteristics of prepared bricks from anthill clays under 8000C were investigated. As the major outcomes of the existing investigation of raw clays, there were looked to 5.56 of PH value, 15% of natural moisture content, gap graded and symmetrically distributed arrangement of grains, 60% finer particle percentage (<0.075mm) according to the weight, composition of Fe, Ti, Ba and K based compounds including Fe minerals with large sorption capacity for other metals. In addition that 25% of water absorption, 2.62 of bulk specific gravity, 65% of apparent porosity, 21 Mpa compressive strength and 0.4 Mpa splitting tensile strength were observed with respect to the bricks which were prepared from the anthill clay. Based on the behaviors of such anthill clay it should be an influential material in the advanced material manufacturing in the industrial purposes such as the water treatments, rigid materials, catalysts and refractors.

Mineralogical Characterization of Villa Reyes México Kaolin for Industrial Applications

2008 ◽  
Vol 569 ◽  
pp. 341-344
Author(s):  
F. Vázquez Acosta ◽  
Leticia M. Torres-Martínez ◽  
Lorena L. Garza-Tovar ◽  
A. Martínez-de la Cruz ◽  
Wallter López González
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Volcanic Glass ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Al2o3 Content ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
X Ray

A kaolin obtained from a region near to San Luis Potosí (México) was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (DRX), optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), thermal analysis (DTA/TGA), and chemical analysis. Mineralogical and morphological characteristics of the mineral are presented. The kaolin sample was formed mainly by kaolinite, but other minor phases were also detected such as quartz, cristobalite, trydimite, and dolomite. For iron lixiviation process, concentrate HCl was employed. The high content of volcanic glass detected, evidenced by optical microscopy, revealed an incomplete kaolinization process of the raw material. In agreement with these results, X-ray fluorescence analysis showed high- SiO2 and low-Al2O3 content in the sample as is expected on weakly kaolinized materials.

Physical Characterization of Ukpor and Ahoko Clay Deposits for use as Industrial Raw Material

2007 ◽  
Vol 18-19 ◽  
pp. 241-247
Author(s):  
E.J. Eterigho ◽  
M.A. Olutoye
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Clay Deposits

The physical properties of some Nigerian clays were studied in order to determine their suitability for a variety of industrial applications. From the analysis, the specific gravity of Ukpor and Ahoko clays were 1.89 and 2.26 respectively and the Plasticity Index 26.05% and 22.45%, drying shrinkage was 18.90% and 8.2% and particle size distribution showed that the samples are clays. The results show that the physical properties of the clays are within the specifications for kaolin clays and are suitable for industrial uses.

scholarly journals THE ELEMENTARY CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTHILL CLAY FOR COMPOSITE MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
SURESH ALUVIHARA ◽  
C. S. KALPAGE ◽  
P. W. S. K. BANDARANAYAKE
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Advanced Material ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Soil Clay ◽  
Water Treatments ◽  
Elementary Characterization

Anthill clay is a distinct soil/clay genre among common soil types because of the stockpiling method. The small particles are carried in and erected an anthill by a small creature that it is called as termite. In generally, clay is a conspicuous raw material for industrial applications greatly and the assay of expediencies of anthill clay for advanced material applications were the prospects of the existing research. Carefully collected anthill clay samples were characterized under the physically and chemically using standard procedures and instruments. The mechanical characteristics of prepared bricks from anthill clays under 8000C were investigated. As the major outcomes of the existing investigation of raw clays, there were looked to 5.56 of PH value, 15% of natural moisture content, gap graded and symmetrically distributed arrangement of grains, 60% finer particle percentage (<0.075mm) according to the weight, composition of Fe, Ti, Ba and K based compounds including Fe minerals with large sorption capacity for other metals. In addition that 25% of water absorption, 2.62 of bulk specific gravity, 65% of apparent porosity, 21 MPa compressive strength and 0.4 MPa splitting tensile strength were observed with respect to the bricks which were prepared from the anthill clay. Based on the behaviors of such anthill clay it should be an influential material in the advanced material manufacturing in the industrial purposes such as the water treatments, rigid materials and refractors.

scholarly journals Recycling of cellulose from vegetable fiber waste for sustainable industrial applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (01) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERDOGAN UMIT HALIS ◽  
DURAN HICRAN ◽  
SELLI FIGEN
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Regenerated Cellulose ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Vegetable Fibers ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Vegetable Fiber

Recently two significant topics that became important for textile industry namely ‘providing sustainability by reusing of textile wastes’ and ‘developing high-valued new textile raw materials. Cellulose, which is a fascinating polymer, has been used for years as a raw material to obtain various products such as papers, fibers and films. In this study, it is aimed to provide sustainability with recycling of cellulose from waste jute fibers, considering the amount of waste jute weft yarns released in the production process of machine carpets. For this purpose, pre-cleaning of waste fibers was carried out at first, and then extraction of cellulose was accomplished, and finally characterization of recycled cellulose was performed. Organic acid extraction method was effective for isolation of cellulose from waste fibers with 43.65% yield performance. Microscopic and experimental analyses confirmed that non-cellulosic part of waste fibers were removed successfully and recycled cellulose has similar structure with control cellulose. Our results suggest that, waste vegetable fibers can be used as a potential source for cellulose. Recycled cellulose can be used in the production of paper, composites, regenerated cellulose fibers and other industrial applications.

scholarly journals Characterization of cellulose acetate functional groups synthesized from corn husk (Zea mays)

2021 ◽  
Vol 926 (1) ◽  
pp. 012060
Author(s):  
R O Asriza ◽  
Ropalia ◽  
D Humaira ◽  
G O Ryaldi ◽  
Zomi
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Aryl Ether ◽  
Corn Husk ◽  
Wave Numbers ◽  
Good Filtration

Abstract The use of masks is very important to reduce transmission of the COVID 19 virus. Therefore, an innovation is needed from mask materials is that are environmentally friendly, have good filtration quality and have anti-virus agents. An alternative way to provide masks with good filterability using a raw material of cellulose acetate. Cellulose acetate has fibrils that are bonded together so that it can form dense fibers. Fiber is a semipermeable layer that functions as a particle filtration. Therefore, this study aims to get cellulose from corn husks via delignification. The research method consisted of extracting cellulose from corn husks and further synthesizing cellulose acetate. FTIR results showed an absorption peak at wave numbers 3349 cm-1, 1728 cm-1, 1252 cm-1, and 1031 cm-1. These peaks indicated the presence functional groups of OH, C=O, aryl ether, and C-O. This functional group indicates a cellulose acetate compound.

scholarly journals EKSTRAKSI DAN PENENTUAN GUGUS FUNGSI ASAM HUMAT DARI PUPUK KOTORAN SAPI

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Nurlina Nurlina ◽  
Intan Syahbanu ◽  
Mirna Tersiana Tamnasi ◽  
Chyntia Nabela ◽  
Maria Desi Furnata
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Total Acidity ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Absorption Method ◽  
Aromatic Components

Cow manure fertilizer was used as raw material for the extraction of humic acid in this research. The aim of this research were  extraction of humic acid from cow manure fertilizer, characterization of functional groups based on FTIR spectra, and determination of humic acid functional groups. Humic acid extraction from cow manure used 0.050 M; 0.100 M; 0.250 M dan 0.500 M KOH solution. A cow manure fertilizer were shaken with KOH solution for 1; 2; 4 and 6 h. The quantitative determination of oxygen-containing functional groups of humic acid was conducted by titrimetri. The FTIR spectrum showed the presence of  –OH group and N-H stretching (bands 3361.46 cm-1); C-H aliphatic for CH2, CH3 (2946.52 cm-1 and 1442.24 cm-1); C=C aromatic components (1626.48 cm-1); COO- symmetric stretching (1521.71 cm-1); C-O stretching from –COOH (1229.74 cm-1). Total acidity value was 500 cmole.kg-1 (Baryta Absorption Method); carboxyl groups content was 250 cmole.kg-1 (Ca-Acetate Method); and phenol (OH) concentration was 250 cmole.kg-1. It can be concluded that humic acid successfully extracted from cow manure fertilizer using 0.250 KOH solution as extractant for 2 h, which has  yield of 4.486% humic acid.

scholarly journals Extraction, production and characterization of biodiesel from shea butter (Vitellaria paradoxa C. F. Gaertn) obtained from Hadejia, Jigawa State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-215
Author(s):  
Datti Yau ◽  
Musa Ibrahim ◽  
Isma’il Salihu ◽  
Mustapha Abdulhadi ◽  
Muhammad Muhammad Sani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shea Butter ◽  
Vitellaria Paradoxa

scholarly journals Diatoms Biotechnology: Various Industrial Applications for a Greener Tomorrow

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikunj Sharma ◽  
Daris Pazhukkunnel Simon ◽  
Aracely Maribel Diaz-Garza ◽  
Elisa Fantino ◽  
Anis Messaabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Downstream Processing ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Genetic Tools ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Environmental Technologies ◽  
Molecular Components ◽  
Harsh Conditions

The benefits of the complex microscopic and industrially important group of microalgae such as diatoms is not hidden and have lately surprised the scientific community with their industrial potential. The ability to survive in harsh conditions and the presence of different pore structures and defined cell walls have made diatoms ideal cell machinery to produce a variety of industrial products. The prospect of using a diatom cell for industrial application has increased significantly in synch with the advances in microscopy, metabarcoding, analytical and genetic tools. Furthermore, it is well noted that the approach of industry and academia to the use of genetic tools has changed significantly, resulting in a well-defined characterization of various molecular components of diatoms. It is possible to conduct the primary culturing, harvesting, and further downstream processing of diatom culture in a cost-effective manner. Diatoms hold all the qualities to become the alternative raw material for pharmaceutical, nanotechnology, and energy sources leading to a sustainable economy. In this review, an attempt has been made to gather important progress in the different industrial applications of diatoms such as biotechnology, biomedical, nanotechnology, and environmental technologies.

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