Mineralogical Characterization of Villa Reyes México Kaolin for Industrial Applications

A kaolin obtained from a region near to San Luis Potosí (México) was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (DRX), optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), thermal analysis (DTA/TGA), and chemical analysis. Mineralogical and morphological characteristics of the mineral are presented. The kaolin sample was formed mainly by kaolinite, but other minor phases were also detected such as quartz, cristobalite, trydimite, and dolomite. For iron lixiviation process, concentrate HCl was employed. The high content of volcanic glass detected, evidenced by optical microscopy, revealed an incomplete kaolinization process of the raw material. In agreement with these results, X-ray fluorescence analysis showed high- SiO2 and low-Al2O3 content in the sample as is expected on weakly kaolinized materials.

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Effect of Beneficiation on the Characterization of Getso Kaolin

Mining Revue ◽

10.2478/minrv-2021-0036 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 72-77

Author(s):

Nurudeen Salahudeen ◽

Ahmad A. Mukhtar

Keyword(s):

Clay Minerals ◽

Physicochemical Characterization ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Raw Material ◽

Mineralogical Characterization ◽

X Ray ◽

Silica Alumina

Abstract In their raw forms, clay minerals are found with a number of inherent impurities which make them unsuitable for most industrial applications. In order to overcome this problem and add value to clay minerals, beneficiation process is an indispensable solution. This study investigates effect of wet beneficiation process on the characteristics of a local clay mined from Getso village of Kano State, Nigeria. Mineralogical characterization of the clay was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyzer. Chemical characterization of the clay was carried out using X-ray fluorescence analyzer. Physicochemical characterization of the clay was carried out using pH meter and density analysis conducted using density bottle. XRD analysis of Getso clay showed that the raw clay had 8 wt% kaolinite and 51% quartz. Wet beneficiation resulted into 53% improvement of the kaolinite content and 47% reduction of quartz impurity. The XRF analysis has shown that silica-alumina ratio of the raw Getso clay was 1.55 and this reduced to 1.49 after beneficiation. The physicochemical characterization of the clay has shown that Getso clay is neutral, the raw clay and beneficiated clay had average pH values of 7.5 and 7.3, respectively. Specific gravity values of the raw and beneficiated clay were 2.24 and 2.04, respectively. The beneficiation process had been effective as substantial increase in kaolinte content was observed and a reasonable decrese in the impurity contents was observed from the raw to the beneficiated clay. The Garnet content was completely reduced to zero while quartz, clinochlore and orthoclase were reduced by 24%, 9% and 13% respectively. The clay obtained after the beneficiation be serve as good raw material for production of whitewares, high grade ceramics in synthesis of zeolitic materials.

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GEOLOGICAL AND MINERALOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME ZEOLITIZED TUFFS FROM NWRN TRANSYLVANIA, ROMANIA

Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece ◽

10.12681/bgsg.16346 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 666 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

H. Bedelean ◽

V. Codrea ◽

Ο. Barbu

Keyword(s):

Construction Industry ◽

Polarized Light ◽

Volcanic Glass ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Mineralogical Characterization ◽

X Ray ◽

Silicic Volcanic ◽

Wet Chemical ◽

Representative Samples

Zeolites are the most common products of transformation of silicic volcanic glass in the NW-rn part of Transylvania (Romania). Representative samples of volcanic tuffs from Mäcicas (Cluj county) were investigated by using optical (polarized light) microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and wet chemical analyses. The volcanic tuffare vitreous with an acid composition. Vitreous matrix and glass shards are replaced by zeolite minerals, mainly clinoptilolite and trace amounts ofopal-CT and mordenite. X-ray diffraction semiquantitative analysis indicated that clinoptilolite represent between 60 % and 70 % of the crystalline fraction of the tuff. The clinoptilolite content of the Mäcicas tuff deposits is one of the richest in Romania. According to the present status in the zeolite market in Europe, this deposit could have industrial potential in the construction industry and in environmental applications.

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Value aggregation of pine (Araucaria angustifolia) nuts agro-industrial waste by cellulose extraction

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v10i10.18836 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. e270101018836

Author(s):

Silma de Sa Barros ◽

Wanison André Gil Pessoa Jr. ◽

Américo Cruz Júnior ◽

Zeane Vieira Borges ◽

Cláudio Michel Poffo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amorphous Materials ◽

Fluorescence Analysis ◽

Raw Material ◽

Araucaria Angustifolia ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Main Band ◽

X Ray ◽

South Of Brazil ◽

By Products

Araucaria (Araucaria angustifolia) is a tree species found in the Southeast and South of Brazil. It is also known as Brazilian pine, presenting fruits of high acceptance. However, its processing generates by-products that are little used. Thus, this work aimed to extract and characterize the cellulose obtained from the pinion husk, as well as to evaluate the contents of ash, lignin, cellulose and α-cellulose in its composition. The raw material and the extracted cellulose were characterized by X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). As for the contents of chemical composition detected, the husks showed 1.6% ash, 7% extractives, 34% lignin and 55% cellulose, being 46% α-cellulose and 9% hemicellulose. It was observed by XRD that the removal of amorphous materials resulted in a gain of crystallinity (from 19 to 33%). Proving the efficiency of the extraction, the characterization of the cellulose obtained was shown to be of high purity, since the main band of the lignin (FTIR) and the amorphous materials of the cellulosic sample (TGA) disappeared. Finally, this work shows that the pinion bark is a rich source of cellulose, making it possible to obtain nanocrystals.

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Characterization of Kaolin Residues from the Jarí Valley Reservations Provided by Cadam S/A Company

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.930.14 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 930 ◽

pp. 14-19

Author(s):

Alexsandra Cristina Chaves ◽

I.V. da Silva ◽

A.L. da Silva ◽

G.A. Neves ◽

Danielle Nascimento Silva Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Environmental Issues ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Particle Size Analysis ◽

Size Analysis ◽

Medium Size ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Mineralogical Characterization ◽

X Ray ◽

A Company

The ceramic industry is one of the most important productive chains of the State of Pará, generating both money and employment. Kaolin has many industrial applications and new uses are constantly surveyed. Although the extraction and processing of kaolin contribute to the economy growth, the activity also provokes serious environmental issues. Being aware of the environmental problem caused by the inadequate decomposition of kaolin residues from the beneficiation process of these minerals, which pollute and attack the environment, this paper aims the chemical, physical and mineralogical characterization of the kaolin residue from the post-treatment disposal provided by CADAM S/A company. The main oxides in the residues were SiO2and Al2O3. In the X-ray diffraction analysis it was verified that the kaolin residue is basically formed by kaolinite and quartz, in the particle size analysis it was observed that the medium size of the particle was of 1,77 μm.

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Characterization of Clay Modified with Alkali Extracted from Plantain Peels

Biotechnology Journal International ◽

10.9734/bji/2020/v24i330106 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 35-43

Author(s):

Oluwole Oluwatoyin Oniya ◽

Ebenezer Olujimi Dada ◽

Ibrahim Adewale Adekunle ◽

Akeem Olanrewaju Arinko ◽

Taofeeq Olalekan Salawudeen

Keyword(s):

Negative Impact ◽

Fluorescence Analysis ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Research Attention ◽

X Ray ◽

Modified Clay ◽

Synthetic Chemicals ◽

Synthetic Materials ◽

Appreciable Increase

Modification of clays and clay minerals by using chemical reagents is receiving research attention due to the use of clay in various industrial applications where it may be utilized as adsorbent and catalyst carriers among others. The employed synthetic chemicals, however, unavoidably result in high costs and generate negative impact within the environment. The option to replace the synthetic compounds with non-synthetic materials to cut down cost and to reduce environmental impact has not been properly explored. In this study, the effect of KOH extracted from plantain peel obtained locally on clay modification was investigated. A varying concentration of the extracted KOH was used to treat the clay obtained at Asa River valley in Kwara State in Nigeria. Characterization of the modified clay samples was carried out using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray Florescence (XRF) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The micro structural images of the modified clays clearly showed the effect of KOH concentrations on porosity enhancement in the selected samples. X-ray fluorescence analysis of the Kaolin showed a high silica and aluminum content while an appreciable increase in K2O was also observed in the modified clay compared to the raw Kaolin. The FTIR spectra of the modified clay showed the formation of some functional groups (O-H, C-H, C=C, C-O, Al-O-Si,) within the band range of 500 to 4000 cm-1. It can be concluded that the clay treated with alkali obtained from green source can effectively replace those produced via conventional methods which involve the use of synthetic materials.

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Petrological, Chemical, and Mineralogical Characterization of Anka (Zamfara State) Manganese Ore

NanoNEXT ◽

10.34256/nnxt2112 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 7-12

Author(s):

Gbadamosi Y.E ◽

Alabi O.O ◽

Ola-Omole O.O ◽

Adetula Y.V

Keyword(s):

Silicon Oxide ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Microscopy Study ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Manganese Ore ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Mineralogical Characterization ◽

X Ray ◽

Grinding Machine

Manganese deposit reserves exist in Nigeria, which have potentials as raw materials for industrial applications such as batteries, steel and electrical appliances. The present level of exploitation of Manganese is very low and, in most cases, appropriate processing would be necessary to attain desirable qualities. This paper provides petrological, chemical and mineralogical characterization of manganese ore in Anka area of Zamfara state, Nigeria. A chip of about 1/8 of an inch and about 1 inch by 1 inch was cut from the lumps of Anka (Zamfara state) manganese sample using rock cutter, after which their surfaces were trimmed and the chip was mounted on a grinding machine to make the surface smooth. The samples were mounted on a slide and viewed using Leica Petrological Microscope. 500 g of the ore was weighed using digital weighing balance. The sample was crushed and ground until 80% passing of 250µm is achieved. The ground ore was blended homogenously before the analysis while for the ore microscopy study, true fraction representative of the manganese ore samples were prepared, polished mounts and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope-energy dispersed X-ray (SEM/EDX). However, X-ray Fluorescence was used to determine the chemical composition while identification of the associate mineral phase was done using X-ray Diffraction. From the petrological analysis carried out on the crude samples reveals the presence of heavy mineral and segregation distribution of the mineral. The XRF results shows 77.81% MnO, 60.26% Mn, 10.9% Fe2O3, 4% Al2O3 while Spessartine (3MnO.Al2O3, 0.830), Silicon oxide (SiO2, 1.122), Quartz (SiO4, 0.728), Pyrolusite (MnO, 1.543), and Almandine (Fe3Al2SiO12, 1.583) were identified as the major phases in the ore.

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The Physico-Chemical and Mineralogical Characterization of Mg-Rich Synthetic Gypsum Produced in a Rare Earth Refining Plant

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13094840 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 4840

Author(s):

Fatai Arolu Ayanda ◽

Mohd Firdaus Mohd Anuar ◽

Syaharudin Zaibon ◽

Shamshuddin Jusop

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Acid Soils ◽

Acid Neutralization ◽

Mineralogical Characterization ◽

X Ray ◽

Neutralization Capacity ◽

Acid Neutralization Capacity ◽

Refining Plant ◽

Calcium Magnesium

The physical, chemical and mineralogical characterization of the constituents of magnesium-rich synthetic gypsum produced in a rare earth-refining plant located in Gebeng, Pahang, Malaysia was conducted through elemental chemical analysis, scanning electron microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX)-analyzer, thermal analysis, X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction. The crystalline nature of the by-product was studied using FTIR spectroscopy. Elemental analysis confirmed the presence of Ca and Mg, which are essential macronutrients required by plants and this Ca alongside the high pH (9.17) of MRSG may confer on the material a high acid neutralization capacity. From the result, it was observed that the studied by-product is a heterogeneous crystalline material comprising of gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O) and other major components such as calcium (magnesium) compounds (hydroxide, oxide, silicates, and carbonate) and sulfur. These aggregates may contribute to give an acid neutralization capacity to MRSG. The XRD study of MRSG indicated a high content of gypsum (45.4%), shown by the d-spacing of 7.609 Å (2-theta 11.63) in the diffractogram. The infrared absorption spectra of MRSG indicate close similarities to mined gypsum. The results of the characterization indicated that MRSG has valuable properties that can promote its use in amending soil fertility constraints on nutrient-deficient tropical acid soils.

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Characterization and A Preliminary Study of TiO2 Synthesis from Lampung Iron Sand

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.849.113 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 849 ◽

pp. 113-118

Author(s):

Yayat Iman Supriyatna ◽

Slamet Sumardi ◽

Widi Astuti ◽

Athessia N. Nainggolan ◽

Ajeng W. Ismail ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Packaging ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

Major Elements ◽

Raw Material ◽

Solid Residue ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Leaching Solution ◽

Ti Content

The purpose of this study is to characterize Lampung iron sand and to conduct preliminary experiments on the TiO2 synthesis which can be used for the manufacturing of functional food packaging. The iron sand from South Lampung Regency, Lampung Province that will be utilized as raw material. The experiment was initiated by sieving the iron sand on 80, 100, 150, 200 and 325 mesh sieves. Analysis using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) to determine the element content and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to observe the mineralization of the iron sand was conducted. The experiment was carried out through the stages of leaching, precipitation, and calcination. Roasting was applied firstly by putting the iron sand into the muffle furnace for 5 hours at a temperature of 700°C. Followed by leaching using HCl for 48 hours and heated at 105°C with a stirring speed of 300 rpm. The leaching solution was filtered with filtrate and solid residue as products. The solid residue was then leached using 10% H2O2 solution. The leached filtrate was heated at 105°C for 40 minutes resulting TiO2 precipitates (powder). Further, the powder was calcined and characterized. Characterization of raw material using XRF shows the major elements of Fe, Ti, Mg, Si, Al and Ca. The highest Ti content is found in mesh 200 with 9.6%, while iron content is about 80.7%. While from the XRD analysis, it shows five mineral types namely magnetite (Fe3O4), Rhodonite (Mn, Fe, Mg, Ca) SiO3, Quart (SiO2), Ilmenite (FeOTiO2) and Rutile (TiO2). The preliminary experiment showed that the Ti content in the synthesized TiO2 powder is 21.2%. The purity of TiO2 is low due to the presence of Fe metal which is dissolved during leaching, so that prior to precipitation purification is needed to remove impurities such as iron and other metals.

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Preliminary Preparation and Characterization Studies of Cellulose from Merbau (Intsia bijuga)

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.620.314 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 620 ◽

pp. 314-319

Author(s):

Nur Amira Mamat Razali ◽

Fauziah Abdul Aziz ◽

Saadah Abdul Rahman

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Alkaline Treatment ◽

Raw Material ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Preliminary Preparation ◽

Characterization Studies ◽

Scanning Electron

Hardwood is wood from angiosperm trees. The characteristic of hardwood include flowers, endosperm within seeds and the production of fruits that contain the seeds. This paper aims to discuss the preparation and characterization of cellulose obtained from hardwood. The hardwood Merbau (Intsia bijuga) was chosen as raw material in this study. Alkaline treatment and delignification methods were used for the preparation of cellulose. Acid hydrolysis was employed to produce cellulose nanocrystal (CNC). The treated and untreated samples were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The final product, from both trated and untreated samples were then compared.

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