scholarly journals Assessment of the socio-economic factors affecting the development of willow energy plantations in Lithuania

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julija Konstantinavičienė ◽  
Iveta Varnagirytė-Kabašinskienė ◽  
Mindaugas Škėma ◽  
Marius Aleinikovas
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Energy Plantations

The study was designed to determine whether cultivation of willow (Salix sp.) energy plantations (WEP) is cost-efficient and to identify the main factors that influence development of such plantations in Lithuania. The economic efficiency of the cultivation of WEP was estimated based on cash flow analysis, discounted cash flow net present value and decomposition analysis methods. The survey of the willow plantation growers identified the motives, incentives, problems and intentions of local willow growers. The study revealed that cultivation of WEP was mostly hindered by economic factors, including low selling price of willow biomass for fuel and high cost of harvesting. Willow cultivation in Lithuania was least hindered by social and ecological factors. The results suggest that European Union (EU) subsidies are currently the main incentive to cultivate willow plantations. However, financial support alone did not guarantee the success of willow biomass harvesting and market access of the final biofuel production. The findings of this study provide information for decision makers on the opportunities and challenges of the development of willow plantations in Lithuania. Keywords: Salix sp., short-rotation plantations, social and economic factors, economic incentives.

TINJAUAN STUDI KELAYAKAN USAHA BADAN USAHA MILIK DESA (NAGARI) KAMANG HILIA SEJAHTERA KENAGARIAN KAMANG HILIA, KECAMATAN KAMANG MAGEK, KABUPATEN AGAM, PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Halkadri Fitra ◽  
Salma Taqwa ◽  
Charoline Cheisviyanny ◽  
Abel Tasman ◽  
Nurzi Sebrina
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Internal Rate

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kelayakan aspek keuangan usaha grosir sembako Badan Usaha Milik Desa (Nagari) Kamang Hilia Sejahtera di Kenagarian Kamang Hilia Kecamatan Kamang Magek Kabupaten Agam Provinsi Sumatera Barat yang dilakukan pada tahun 2018. Penelitian bersifat deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode cash flow analysis, payback period, net present value, profitability index, internal rate of return, dan average rate of return. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai net cash flow Badan Usaha Milik Desa (Nagari) Kamang Hilia Sejahtera adalah positif yaitu Rp.21.774.000, nilai payback period adalah 1,15 tahun, nilai net present value positif sebesar Rp.10.680.034,47, nilai profitability index adalah positif 1,37, sedangkan nilai internal rate of return adalah 46,7% dan nilai average rate of return adalah 57,23%. Berdasarkan standar penilaian maka semua metode yang digunakan memberikan kesimpulan bahwa usaha grosir sembako milik Badan Usaha Milik Desa (Nagari) Kamang Hilia Sejahtera dalam kategori layak untuk dilaksanakan.

scholarly journals Specialized Discounted Cash Flow Analysis Formulas for Valuation of Benefits and Costs of Urban Trees and Forests

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 200-206
Author(s):  
Kristin Peterson ◽  
Thomas Straka
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Urban Forestry ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Discounted Cash Flow ◽  
Appraisal Method ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Benefits And Costs

Urban trees and forests have distinct benefits and costs that can be evaluated financially. While there are appraisal methods commonly used to value individual trees and urban forests, one method that is difficult to use in practice is a discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis. This is the appraisal method that best accounts for the time value of money and allows for a temporal comparison of benefits and costs. Current timber appraisal methods are discussed for urban situations and DCF analysis is presented as a viable supplemental appraisal method for valuation of the urban trees. Simple models are presented that allow for the solution of DCF-type urban forestry valuations using conventional software valuation packages. Examples are provided of typical urban tree benefit and cost scenarios, with DCF calculations of present value (PV) and net present value using the specialized DCF formulas.

The economic evaluation of crop research proposals

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 825
Author(s):  
JR Page ◽  
MN Hunter ◽  
W Easdown
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Evaluation Procedure ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Discounted Cash Flow ◽  
Expected Benefits ◽  
Rural Industries ◽  
Benefits And Costs ◽  
Crop Research

This paper describes a simple evaluative procedure that scientists can use to measure the relative profitability of crop research proposals. The procedure used a series of questions about the expected benefits and costs of projects. The resultant cash flow budgets were then subjected to a standard investment evaluation procedure called discounted cash flow analysis. The measures of profitability used were the net present value (NPV) and the internal rate of return (IRR). An evaluation of 17 project proposals for legume research in central Queensland gave IRR values ranging from negative to 147%. The NPV ranged from -$A189000 to +$14.5 million. This range of profitability is probably typical of research proposals for rural industries. It demonstrates the worth of evaluating proposals so that only the most profitable projects are funded. This procedure was easy to use and was well accepted by most scientists. The inclusion of economic evaluations, as described here, with applications for rural research funds is expected to strengthen the case for and improve the chances of funding.

scholarly journals Certainty equivalent coefficients and capital budgeting: A caveat

1993 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 130-133
Author(s):  
S. Paulo
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Capital Budgeting ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Certainty Equivalent ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Discounted Cash Flow ◽  
Important Principle ◽  
The Cost

The purpose of this technical note is to draw attention to the problems which are inherent in the use of certainty equivalent coefficients as an approach to incorporating risk into capital budgeting. More specifically, the certainty equivalent coefficient net present value criterion violates an important principle of cash flow determination for discounted cash flow analysis. Further, this approach precludes the use of net present value profiles which are pivotal when evaluating conflicts among mutually exclusive projects. In addition, use of certainty coefficient equivalents amounts to an acknowledgement that the concept, function and use of the cost of capital is improperly understood.

scholarly journals Economic and Risk Analysis to Deep Water Operations

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
C. E. Ubani ◽  
A. O. Oluobaju
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Cash Flow ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Discounted Cash Flow ◽  
Exploration And Production

The exploration and production (E&P) operations of oil and gas project in deep waters, is associated with risks. These risks affects return on investment if they are not identified and analyzed to reduce their impact on the project. This study seek to apply Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) analysis, Monte Carlo Simulation and Sensitivity analysis, to an existing field in the Niger Delta region in Nigeria, to ascertain the viability of deepwater project when it is affected by government fiscal terms and technical terms. Economic and risk models were developed to determine profitability indicators and risk associated with the project. Risk simulator software was used to carry out Monte Carlo simulation and the sensitivity analysis. Results obtained showed that the project was economically viable with a Net Present Value (NPV) of $1,621.8 million and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 34%. The Monte Carlo Simulation and the sensitivity analysis showed that the Contractor’s NPV and percentage take were most sensitive to tax (under the fiscal terms) with an range of $639.27 million for a variation of by +/- 10% and crude price (under the technical term). The model developed can easily be applied in investment selections and decision makers should make decision based on the outcome of both economic model (cash flow analysis) and the risk model (Monte Carlo Simulation).

JEFFl/2-a cash flow analysis program

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce G. Hansen ◽  
A. Jeff Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Analysis Program

AN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF NET PRESENT VALUE AND EQUIVALENT ANNUAL COST

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Jones ◽  
David Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Annual Cost ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Discounted Cash Flow

Net present value and equivalent annual cost are two discounted cash flow criteria for comparing investment proposals. Why have accountants taken to net present value? Why do engineers readily use equivalent annual cost? This paper investigates the historical development of these principles to provide an explanation of why this is so.

scholarly journals A Modelling Framework for the Conceptual Design of Low-Emission Eco-Industrial Parks in the Circular Economy: A Case for Algae-Centered Business Consortia

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Aldric S. Tumilar ◽  
Dia Milani ◽  
Zachary Cohn ◽  
Nick Florin ◽  
Ali Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Industrial Symbiosis ◽  
Modelling Framework ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Energy Exchanges

This article describes a unique industrial symbiosis employing an algae cultivation unit (ACU) at the core of a novel eco-industrial park (EIP) integrating fossil-fuel fired power generation, carbon capture, biofuel production, aquaculture, and wastewater treatment. A new modelling framework capable of designing and evaluating materials and energy exchanges within an industrial eco-system is introduced. In this scalable model, an algorithm was developed to balance the material and energy exchanges and determine the optimal inputs and outputs based on the industrial symbiosis objectives and participating industries. Optimizing the functionality of the ACU not only achieved a substantial emission reduction, but also boosted aquaculture, biofuel, and other chemical productions. In a power-boosting scenario (PBS), by matching a 660 MW fossil fuel-fired power plant with an equivalent solar field in the presence of ACU, fish-producing aquaculture and biofuel industries, the net CO2 emissions were cut by 60% with the added benefit of producing 39 m3 biodiesel, 6.7 m3 bioethanol, 0.14 m3 methanol, and 19.55 tons of fish products annually. Significantly, this article shows the potential of this new flexible modelling framework for integrated materials and energy flow analysis. This integration is an important pathway for evaluating energy technology transitions towards future low-emission production systems, as required for a circular economy.

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