scholarly journals The Self Employed Women, Women Entrepreneurs And Work

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-160
Author(s):  
Nasreen Aslam Shah ◽  
Muhammad Nadeemullah ◽  
Muhammad Faisal Zia ◽  
Shamim Soomro
Keyword(s):  
Personal Data ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Family Work ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
Employed Women ◽  
Governmental Institutions ◽  
Wage Earners ◽  
Unpaid Family Work

This study highlights foundation that women encompass – inside their houses as unpaid family work, as wage-earners to be found at the lowest position of income generating work and as care-givers. Here few questions could come to one’s mind that what is the extent of women’s responsiveness regarding work, of everyday jobs, of class and role? How do they differentiate themselves being dominated under weight of various roles? Or are they doubly demoralized by the patriarchal system? How this amalgamation of professions is made possible? The study illustrates field research seeking answers to these questions. The interviewing schedule created for this research included questions that aimed at obtaining personal data about the respondents, such as age, educational attainment, marital status, number of children, typology of work, etc. The data drawn from sample shows ability of self employed working women to balance their income generating work with their communal roles of food preparation, cleaning, caring, parenting and other domestic chores. Therefore, the vision that this research explores, deny the imagined characteristics of women as a male responsibility. These self employed women indeed are heads of their households. This timely study invites all concerned authorities, policy makers and governmental institutions to recognize this reality and consequently plan for the upcoming decades.

Barriers versus promotion: Culturally sensitive healthcare for elderly Turkish migrants in Austria and Germany

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Nevin Altıntop
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Diversity Management ◽  
Culturally Sensitive ◽  
Turkish Migrants ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
Individual Care ◽  
Care Systems

What is the perception of Turkish migrants in elderly care? The increasing number of elder migrants within the German and Austrian population is causing the challenge of including them in an adequate (culturally sensitive) way into the German/Austrian health care system. Here I introduce the perception of elder Turkish migrants within the predominant paradigm of intercultural opening of health care in Germany as well as within the concept of diversity management of health care in Vienna (Austria). The qualitative investigation follows a field research in different German and Austrian cities within the last four years and an analysis based on the Grounded Theory Methodology. The meaning of intercultural opening on the one hand, and diversity management on the other hand with respect to elderly care will be evaluated. Whereas the intercultural opening directly demands a reduction of barriers to access institutional elderly care the concept of diversity is hardly successful in the inclusion of migrants into elderly care assistance – concerning both, migrants as care-givers and migrants as care-receivers. Despite the similarities between the health care systems of Germany and Austria there are decisive differences in the perception and inclusion of migrants in elderly care that is largely based on an 'individual care' concept of the responsible institutions. Finally, this investigation demonstrates how elderly care in Germany and Austria prepares to encounter the demand of 'individual care' in a diverse society.

Towards an AIDS-free generation by 2030: how are South African children, adolescents, caregivers and health care workers coping with HIV?

2021 ◽  
pp. 008124632199217
Author(s):  
Yogan Pillay
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
South African ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Free Generation ◽  
Living With Hiv

We are committed to an AIDS free generation by 2030 – nine short years away. This article reflects on the global and South African data on new infections, total number of children and adolescents living with HIV as well as data on vertical transmission. The article includes the voices of key stakeholders in the quest to end HIV in children so that lessons from their experiences can be used by policy makers in strengthening services.

scholarly journals Defining user risk in social networking services

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Haynes ◽  
Lyn Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Social Networking Services ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Purposive Sample ◽  
Risk Categories

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the risks faced by users of online social networking services (SNSs) in the UK and to develop a typology of risk that can be used to assess regulatory effectiveness. Design/methodology/approach – An initial investigation of the literature revealed no detailed taxonomies of risk in this area. Existing taxonomies were reviewed and merged with categories identified in a pilot survey and expanded in purposive sample survey directed at the library and information services (LIS) community in the UK. Findings – Analysis of the relationships between different risk categories yielded a grouping of risks by their consequences. This aligns with one of the objectives of regulation, which is to mitigate risks. Research limitations/implications – This research offers a tool for evaluation of different modes of regulation of social media. Practical implications – Awareness of the risks associated with use of online SNSs and wider social media contributes to the work of LIS professionals in their roles as: educators; intermediaries; and users of social media. An understanding of risk also informs the work of policy makers and legislators responsible for regulating access to personal data. Originality/value – A risk-based view of regulation of personal data on social media has not been attempted in such a comprehensive way before.

The Right to Privacy and the Protection of Personal Data in a Digital Era and the Age of Information

2012 ◽  
pp. 34-45
Author(s):  
William Bülow ◽  
Misse Wester
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Right To Privacy ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Right To Privacy ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

As information technology is becoming an integral part of modern society, there is a growing concern that too much data containing personal information is stored by different actors in society and that this could potentially be harmful for the individual. The aim of this contribution is to show how the extended use of ICT can affect the individual’s right to privacy and how the public perceives risks to privacy. Three points are raised in this chapter: first, if privacy is important from a philosophical perspective, how is this demonstrated by empirical evidence? Do individuals trust the different actors that control their personal information, and is there a consensus that privacy can and should be compromised in order to reach another value? Second, if compromises in privacy are warranted by increased safety, is this increased security supported by empirical evidence? Third, the authors will argue that privacy can indeed be a means to increase the safety of citizens and that the moral burden of ensuring and protecting privacy is a matter for policy makers, not individuals. In conclusion, the authors suggest that more nuanced discussion on the concepts of privacy and safety should be acknowledged and the importance of privacy must be seen as an important objective in the development and structure of ICT uses.

Implications for, and the Meaning of, Supporting Young Rural Alaskan Children with Complex Needs

1995 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Ryan-Vincek
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Multiple Disabilities ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Complex Needs ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
Rural Alaska ◽  
Life Issues ◽  
The Right

Supporting young children, who experience complex multiple disabilities in their homes and communities, has become an important feature of early intervention programs throughout the country. How parents and professionals view quality of life issues for these young children can provide information for interventionists, policy makers, and care givers. Qualitative research methods were employed over a three-year period to investigate perceptions of parents and professionals regarding support for young children who experience complex multiple disabilities. Descriptive themes emerged from the data that characterize features of support resulting in quality of life for young children living in rural Alaska who experience complex multiple disabilities. Some of these themes were “getting the right equipment at the right time,” “caring and consistent professionals,” and “responsive and flexible medical and support systems.” Findings indicated discrepancies between parents who live in rural Alaska and professionals over (a) perceptions of what support means and (b) the focus of some policies and systems.

Gendering Work: Deconstructing the Narrative of the Japanese Economic Miracle

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Gottfried ◽  
Nagisa Hayashi-Kato
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Employment Practices ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Economic Miracle ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Work Transformation ◽  
Wage Earners ◽  
Institutional Legacies

The story of the Japanese system, held up as a model for economic prosperity and growth, underplays the role of non-standard labour in the narrative of `success'. Our analysis deconstructs the narrative of the Japanese economic miracle to shed light on this almost invisible pillar by tracing the historical development of non-standard employment among women. We find that this form of work constitutes a larger and faster growing share of total employment than heretofore realised, and that women account for most of the change. Rather than merely a residual dimension of Japanese employment practices, the evidence indicates that non-standard employment represents a key component of work transformation and underscores the salience of gender in the process of Japan's restructuring. We identify three institutional domains which help to explain this gendered pattern of labour market experiences in Japan: the labour market, the family, and the state. These institutional legacies set conditions for the development of the Japanese employment system which favours men as full-time wage earners and women as part-time wage workers and full-time care-givers.

scholarly journals Timor-Leste: The Adventurous Tribulations of Local Governance after Independence

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Graça Feijó
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Political Reform ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Modern Democracy ◽  
Theoretical Terms ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Timor Leste ◽  
The Rich

Xanana Gusmão recently mentioned that a “Second Maubere Miracle” is underway, implying that a major political reform will soon shake the roots of Timor-Leste's public administration. Decentralization, defined in a very broad sense, has been a constitutional mandate since independence, but successive governments have failed to engage this reform despite paying lip service to its necessity. This essay reviews the options before the policy makers – both in theoretical terms (distinguishing between the various definitions of decentralization) and in the pragmatic forms that have been contemplated so far – and discusses their implications for the process of rooting a modern democracy in the country both at the intermediate, district level and at the grassroots, suku (village) level. For this purpose, the essay brings together the author's own field research and the rich literature that has emerged in the recent past, including contributions by Timorese colleagues.

China's Engagement in African Agriculture: “Down to the Countryside”

2009 ◽  
Vol 199 ◽  
pp. 686-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah A. Bräutigam ◽  
Tang Xiaoyang
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Mutual Benefit ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Rural Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
African Agriculture ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Economic Engagement

AbstractAgriculture is a rapidly growing arena for China's economic engagement in Africa. Drawing on new field research in East and West Africa, and in Beijing and Baoding, China, as well as earlier archival research, this article investigates the dimensions of China's agricultural engagement, placing it in historical perspective. It traces the changes and continuities in China's policies in rural Africa since the 1960s, as Chinese policies moved from fraternal socialism to amicable capitalism. Beginning in the 1980s, the emphasis on aid as mutual benefit began to blur the lines between aid, south–south co-operation and investment. Today, Beijing has established at least 14 new agro-technical demonstration stations using an unusual public–private model that policy makers hope will assist sustainability. At the same time, a stirring of interest among land-scarce Chinese farmers and investors in developing farms in sub-Saharan Africa evokes a mix of anticipation and unease.

scholarly journals Education for Demilitarizing Youth in Post-Conflict Afghanistan

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukitoshi Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Educational Programming ◽  
Lost Generation ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Negative Role ◽  
Conflict Strategy

This article examines both the largely negative role that education has played historically in contributing to conflict in Afghanistan and the ways that education has been purposefully employed as a post-conflict strategy aimed at building peace and social cohesion. The growing attention among academics and policy makers to the role of youth in post-conflict contexts, and the urgent need to reintegrate ex-combatants has led to the implementation of educational programming directed at Afghan youth as a central part of the country's Demobilization, Demilitarization, Reintegration (DDR) effort. Drawing on the author's field research and experience working on literacy programming for youth and adults in Afghanistan, this article investigates how the unfulfilled aspirations and needs of a ‘lost generation’ of young Afghans have been addressed within DDR processes. It argues that the adoption of a more dialectic approach to the educational programming provided through DDR – one that engages with and offers alternatives to education's previously negative manifestations – may offer more potential than current programming.

scholarly journals Fiscal Transfers and Distributive Conflict in a Simple Endogenous Growth Model with Unemployment

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-63
Author(s):  
Luigi Bonatti
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Social Preferences ◽  
Employment Level ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Fiscal Transfers ◽  
Endogenous Growth Model ◽  
Distributive Conflict ◽  
Wage Earners ◽  
Persistent Unemployment

Abstract In the simplified formal treatment proposed in this paper, a decrease in a policy parameter - the ratio of total tax revenues to GDP - can monotonically increase long-term growth rate and may lead to a higher employment level. This notwithstanding, the paper shows that the redistributive implications of such a decrease may induce the wage earners to oppose it. As a consequence, policy-makers reflecting social preferences may undertake redistributive transfers generating persistent unemployment and lowering growth even if commitment technologies allowing them to follow preannounced tax policies were feasible.

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