scholarly journals Education for Demilitarizing Youth in Post-Conflict Afghanistan

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukitoshi Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Educational Programming ◽  
Lost Generation ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Negative Role ◽  
Conflict Strategy

This article examines both the largely negative role that education has played historically in contributing to conflict in Afghanistan and the ways that education has been purposefully employed as a post-conflict strategy aimed at building peace and social cohesion. The growing attention among academics and policy makers to the role of youth in post-conflict contexts, and the urgent need to reintegrate ex-combatants has led to the implementation of educational programming directed at Afghan youth as a central part of the country's Demobilization, Demilitarization, Reintegration (DDR) effort. Drawing on the author's field research and experience working on literacy programming for youth and adults in Afghanistan, this article investigates how the unfulfilled aspirations and needs of a ‘lost generation’ of young Afghans have been addressed within DDR processes. It argues that the adoption of a more dialectic approach to the educational programming provided through DDR – one that engages with and offers alternatives to education's previously negative manifestations – may offer more potential than current programming.

scholarly journals The Role of Cooperatives, Remittances, and Infrastructure in Export Performance of Nepal: ARDL Approach of Cointegration

2020 ◽  
pp. 151-159
Author(s):  
Ramesh C. Paudel ◽  
Chakrapani Acharya ◽  
Resham Thapa-Parajuli
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Ardl Approach ◽  
Negative Role ◽  
Supply Side Factors

Cooperatives, remittances, and foreign direct investment (FDI) are crucial source of funds required for better entrepreneurships, which combinedly along with the quality of infrastructure can contribute to enhance the supply side factors of the export performance. Due to the well perceived role of cooperatives, Nepal’s constitution 2015 mentions this sector as one of the three pillars of the national economy while around 30 percent of Nepal’s GDP comes from remittances. As the country lacks the domestic sources for investment, FDI has become an indispensable part of the development sources of the developing countries in the recent decades. This paper analyzes the role of cooperatives, remittances, FDI and infrastructure in export performance of Nepal using the Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) approach of cointegration as suggested by the properties of the time series data for the period of 26 years from 1993 to 2018. The major finding shows that the cooperatives have not contributed to export performance as expected, however the role is positive. The remittances have a strong negative role on export performance, which is largely impacted by the number and quality of the infrastructure. The role of FDI is also negative and might be due to insufficient volume to contribute substantially. This fact seeks the urgent attention from the policy makers to make the country more investment friendly.

scholarly journals Religion and Modernization in Southeast Asia (Book Review)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Sudarnoto Abdul Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
The Social ◽  
Agents Of Change ◽  
Negative Role ◽  
Rice University

the book which was written by Fred. R. Vonder Mehden, an Albert Thomas Professor of Political Science, at Rice University, Houston, is actually a result of efforts to understand the nature of th interrelationship of religion and modernization in Southeast Asia in the light of the theoritical assumptions presented by postwar social  scientists. It is no doubt that where as religions like Islam and Buddhism in countries such as Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand have acted both as inhibutors and agents of change, the social science literature spoke primarily to the negative role of rligion from the more possitive perspective. Mehden demonstrates the weakness of the theories developed by Social scientists in Western Europe and the U.S. without adequate field research and embodying major biases and misconceptionabout indigenous cultures and religions.

Post conflict housing reconstruction

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krisanthi Seneviratne ◽  
Dilanthi Amaratunga ◽  
Richard Haigh
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Housing Needs ◽  
Housing Reconstruction ◽  
Sensitive Issues

Purpose – Despite the role of post conflict housing reconstruction in establishing the development of peace in conflict affected countries, there are many issues which hinder its success. While the inconsideration of housing needs in post conflict housing reconstruction has directly or indirectly given rise for most of the issues, the countries emerging from conflicts face many challenges in addressing such housing needs. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore the management of housing needs in post conflict housing reconstruction. This paper aims to focus on identifying the challenges in addressing housing needs within the context of post conflict housing reconstruction in Sri Lanka. Design/methodology/approach – The study used the grounded theory approach to collect and analyse the data collected through 37 in-depth interviews, conducted with policy makers, practitioners, academics and housing beneficiaries in Sri Lanka. Primary data were verified through a documents review. Findings – The paper reveals that addressing housing needs in post conflict housing reconstruction in Sri Lanka is challenging, due to several factors. These include the socio economic profile of conflict affected people, conflict sensitive issues, donor requirements, limited availability of finance, weakened government administration, extent of housing and infrastructure damage, attitudes of affected people, land-related issues and shortage of labour and material. Originality/value – A number of studies have identified the challenges of post conflict reconstruction. This study particularly identifies the challenges of addressing housing needs in post conflict housing reconstruction. These findings are useful for policy makers to develop strategies in addressing housing needs in post conflict housing reconstruction.

scholarly journals Social cohesion as perceived by community-dwelling older people: the role of individual and neighbourhood characteristics

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna M. Van Dijk ◽  
Jane M. Cramm ◽  
Anna P. Nieboer
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Community Dwelling Older People ◽  
Neighbourhood Characteristics

Social cohesion in neighbourhoods is critical to supporting the rising number of community-dwelling older people. Our aim was thus to identify individual and neighbourhood characteristics influencing social cohesion among older people. We employed a cross-sectional study of 945 (66% response rate) community-dwelling older residents (70+ ) in Rotterdam. To account for the hierarchical structure of the study design, we fitted a hierarchical random-effects model comprising 804 older people (level 1) nested in 72 neighbourhoods (level 2). Multilevel analyses showed that both individual (age, ethnic background, years of residence, income and self-rated health) and neighbourhood characteristics (neighbourhood security) affect social cohesion among community-dwelling older people. Results suggest that policy makers should consider such factors in promoting social cohesion among community-dwelling older people. Policies aimed at improving neighbourhood security may lead to higher levels of social cohesion.

scholarly journals Debt, governance and the value of a firm

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kashif Rashid ◽  
Sardar M. N. Islam ◽  
Siti Nuryanah
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Optimal Capital Structure ◽  
Developed Markets ◽  
Leadership Structure ◽  
Negative Role ◽  
Optimal Capital ◽  
The Relationship

This paper examines the role of debt in affecting the value of a firm in the developing and the developed financial markets. The study uses panel data of 120 companies for the years 2000 to 2003 from the selected financial markets. The paper extends the literature by performing a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between debt and the value of a firm, by using a correct proxy to value a firm. Furthermore, the results are interpreted by taking into account the foundations of the developing and developed markets and different financial theories are ranked on the basis of these results of the study. The findings of the study suggest that higher debt plays a negative role in affecting the value of a firm in the selected markets showing the effect of market imperfections in the developing market. The result supports the second trade off theory and the foundation of the developed financial market. An efficient regulatory authority improves the firm’s performance by defending the rights of shareholders and reducing principal and agent conflicts. Similarly, the dual leadership structure, investors’ confidence and optimal utilization of assets improve shareholders’ value in these markets. The results are valuable to academics and policy makers as these results suggest an optimal capital structure for the firms of the selected financial markets.

Towards Sustainable Peace and Development in Sierra Leone: Civil Society and the Peacebuilding Commission

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Lambourne
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Field Research ◽  
First Year ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Civil Society Participation ◽  
Sustainable Peace ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Peace And Development

The Sierra Leone civil war that ended in January 2002 was particularly brutal and left the country economically devastated. Four-and-a-half years later, Sierra Leone was selected as one of two countries to receive focussed attention from the newly created United Nations Peacebuilding Commission (PBC). The PBC is mandated to support post-conflict recovery and sustainable development with the participation of all relevant stakeholders, including civil society. Drawing on field research and theories of sustainable peacebuilding and the role of civil society, this paper assesses the PBC's performance in Sierra Leone in its first year of operation. The article concludes that the PBC needs to clarify its priorities in relation to civil society participation in order to fulfil its potential to assist governments in promoting sustainable peace and development.

The Kenya National Commission on Human Rights under the 2010 Constitutional Dispensation

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-226
Author(s):  
Bonolo Ramadi Dinokopila ◽  
Rhoda Igweta Murangiri
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
National Commission ◽  
Bill Of Rights ◽  
Institutional Perspective ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
National Human ◽  
The Status ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights

This article examines the transformation of the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights (KNCHR) and discusses the implications of such transformation on the promotion and protection of human rights in Kenya. The article is an exposition of the powers of the Commission and their importance to the realisation of the Bill of Rights under the 2010 Kenyan Constitution. This is done from a normative and institutional perspective with particular emphasis on the extent to which the UN Principles Relating to the Status of National Institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights (the Paris Principles, 1993) have been complied with. The article highlights the role of national human rights commissions in transformative and/or transitional justice in post-conflict Kenya. It also explores the possible complementary relationship(s) between the KNCHR and other Article 59 Commissions for the better enforcement of the bill of rights.

POLICY CHANGE – THE ROLE OF IDEAS AND POLICY ENTREPRENEURS

2018 ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Arwanto Arwanto ◽  
Wike Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
Policy Change ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Policy Entrepreneurs ◽  
Multiple Streams ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Problem Framing ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Understanding policy process involves many distinctive approaches. The most common are institutional, groups or networks, exogenous factors, rational actors, and idea-based approach. This paper discussed the idea-based approach to explain policy process, in this case policy change. It aims to analyse how ideas could assist people to understand policy change. What role do they play and why are they considered as fundamental element? It considers that ideas are belong to every policy actor, whether it is individual or institution. In order to answer these questions, this paper adopts Kingdon’s multi streams approach to analyse academic literatures. Through this approach, the relationship between ideas and policy change can be seen clearer. Ideas only can affect in policy change if it is agreed and accepted by policy makers. Therefore the receptivity of ideas plays significant role and it emerges policy entrepreneurs. They promote ideas (through problem framing, timing, and narrative construction) and manipulate in order to ensure the receptivity of ideas. Although policy entrepreneurs play significant role, political aspects remains the most important element in the policy process. Keywords: policy change, ideas, idea-based approach, Kingdon’s multiple streams, policy entrepreneurs.

A Geographical Study on Positive And Negative Role of Private Housing Cooperative Societies in Mysore City

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
K.K. Somashekara K.K. Somashekara ◽  
◽  
B.N. Shivalingappa B.N. Shivalingappa
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Study ◽  
Housing Cooperative ◽  
Negative Role ◽  
Private Housing
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