scholarly journals BuddhistRoadPaper 5.2 “The Buddhist Temples in Dunhuang: Mid–8th to Early 11th Centuries"

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik H. Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Information ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Secondary Literature ◽  
Important Material

This presentation is a guide to the Buddhist temples and hermitages that existed in Dunhuang during the periods of the Tibetan and Guiyijun rule (851–1036?, 歸義軍, Return-to-Allegiance Army), and covers a timespan of roughly two hundred and fifty years, from the late 8th to mid-11th centuries. I provide as much primary data as possible on local Buddhist institutions, organised for easy reference. There is an entry for each temple that features a historical overview, monastic sustenance, including landholdings, buildings, libraries, scriptures, practices and rituals, important clerics, connections to the construction of caves at Mogao, and notes on location when available. Since previous presentations and documentation of Dunhuang’s temples and their activities in secondary literature are partial, fragmentary, and scattered, this is an attempt to bring together as much data as possible, in order to provide scholars with up-to-date access to the most important material. However, given the vast number of primary sources, not all of the relevant information is included here. Nonetheless, this is an easy-to-use tool to enable further studies.

Grassroots Archive Collection at CDRCSL

2021 ◽  
pp. 107780042110146
Author(s):  
Yunxiang Yan ◽  
Tian Li ◽  
Yanjie Huang
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
Special Collection ◽  
Historical Truth ◽  
Written Materials

This article aims to introduce the value of grassroots archives at the Center for Data and Research on Contemporary Social Life (CDRCSL) at Fudan University for qualitative research in social sciences and humanities. This special collection includes written materials on various aspects of social life that are left outside the official archive system. We first introduce the types and features of the grassroots archives collection and then briefly review the values of these primary sources, illustrated by two examples. We conclude with brief discussion on some case studies based on the primary data from the CDRCSL collection and our reflection on the tension between the protection of subject privacy and preservation of historical truth.

scholarly journals Performance Measurement Using Development Ladder Assessment and Health Indicators: Study of Co-operatives

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
Ridwan Ibrahim ◽  
Donni Deiriadi ◽  
Heru Fahlevi
Keyword(s):  
Performance Management ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Supervisory Board ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Operative Performance

AbstractObjective – This study aimed to analyze the performance of co-operative using two different performance management measures, Development Ladder Assessment (DLA 2009 version) and co-operative health indicator (CHI). Design/methodology – The sample of this study is 10 co-operatives operated in Aceh, Indonesia. Data was collected from secondary and primary sources. The secondary data is obtained from financial reports and annual meeting reports of 2014 and 2016, while primary data was collected from questionnaires with management and supervisory board of the co-operatives. The data was analyzed using a comparative and descriptive statistical approach. Results – This study found that both performance methods produced different results. Some co-operatives attain rank “A” in DLA approach, but no co-operatives are categorized as rank “A” within CHI measure. Additionally, DLA is more informative for the supervisory board in measuring co-operative performance than CHI.

The Potential for Historical Studies of Fisheries in Australia and New Zealand

2001 ◽  
pp. 181-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Tull ◽  
Tom Polacheck
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Secondary Literature ◽  
Trawl Fishery ◽  
Small Family ◽  
The Impact

Malcolm Tull, Tom Polacheck, and Neil Klaer examine the primary sources - particularly printed statistical sources - and secondary literature in order to understand the impact of commercial fishing and harvesting of fish across Australia and New Zealand - including a case study of the multi-species Southeast Australain Trawl Fishery. The authors note that fisheries in Australia and New Zealand have historically been managed by small, family operations, so the records pertining to them are sparse. As a result, most of the records in this chapter come from governmental sources - such as reports and inquiries into Australasian fisheries.

James Ussher, Covenant Theology, and Theological Contexts

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-40
Author(s):  
Harrison Perkins
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Covenant Theology ◽  
Secondary Literature ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Major Section

This chapter outlines the arguments of the book and sets them within the context of the expanding scholarly interest in both James Ussher and Reformed covenant theology. This chapter surveys the secondary literature on Ussher from the seventeenth to the twenty-first century, then describes the major arguments about the history of covenant theology and situates Ussher in the context of the development and failure of the Reformation in Ireland by describing the historical circumstances and surveying the major literature about the Irish Reformation. The last major section addresses some of the complexities in authorship, dating, and origin for some of the primary sources from Ussher’s corpus.

scholarly journals South African Presbyterian women in leadership in ministry (1973–2018)

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham A. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Women In Leadership ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Presbyterian Church ◽  
General Acceptance ◽  
Ordination Of Women

The issue of women in the ministry has been a vexed one historically. In many denominations, the ordination of women has been represented by some form of struggle, which culminated in the first ordinations of women during the second half of the 20th century. This article investigates the process towards the ordination of women in two Southern African Presbyterian denominations – the Bantu Presbyterian Church of South Africa (renamed the ‘Reformed Presbyterian Church in Southern Africa’ in 1979) and the Presbyterian Church of South Africa (renamed the ‘Presbyterian Church of Southern Africa’ in 1958), prior to their union in 1999 to form the Uniting Presbyterian Church in Southern Africa. This article focusses on women in leadership in ministry, not exclusively on women ordained to the ministry of ruling or teaching elder (minister). It begins with an historical overview and proceeds to an investigation of developments in the two relevant denominations. The terms ‘leadership’ and ‘ministry’ are used separately and together and are considered to be synonymous. The article uses primary sources from the records of both denominations considered and suggests that the process was gradual and progressive as the worth of women in leadership was recognised following the general acceptance of the biblical and theological arguments.

Margaret Cavendish

Philosophy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Margaret Cavendish ◽  
Religion And Theology ◽  
Secondary Literature ◽  
Close Textual Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Own Name

Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle (b. 1623–d. 1673), published at least six works of natural philosophy under her own name (the number depends on how one counts various second editions she published). Her prolific output also included poems, plays, essays, speeches, stories, science fiction, and letters to fictional correspondents. Despite Cavendish’s own desire for fame, her reputation has suffered at the hands of readers and biographers who dismissed her philosophical writings without giving them any serious consideration. However, interest in Cavendish’s philosophical theories has increased exponentially since the 1980s. Much of the secondary literature published in the 1980s and 1990s aimed to dispel the idea that Cavendish is not worthy of study and to establish both that Cavendish’s writings were informed by her careful readings of the work of her contemporaries, and that Cavendish’s own philosophical thinking consisted of a detailed, internally consistent alternative to the mechanistic natural philosophy embraced by many of those contemporaries. Now, fortunately, scholars do not feel the need to justify their study of Cavendish. Secondary literature published since the early 2000s on Cavendish’s philosophical work starts from the assumptions that studying Cavendish’s works enriches our understanding of the landscape of 17th-century philosophy and that the details of Cavendish’s views are inherently worth analyzing. The secondary literature on Cavendish is now extensive and comes from many disciplines—English literature, philosophy, history, history of science, political science, and cultural studies, among others—and, accordingly, draws on a variety of methodological approaches. For this bibliography, secondary literature has been chosen which is based on close textual analysis and sensitivity to the historical and philosophical contexts in which Cavendish was writing. Works are divided into the following sections: Primary Sources, Modern Editions, Biographies, Overviews, Online Resources, Anthologies, Natural Philosophy, Epistemology, Political Philosophy, Religion and Theology, and Rhetorical Style.

Targeting one’s own region: internationalisation trends of Colombian multinational companies

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 531-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Alejandra Gonzalez-Perez ◽  
Juan Fernando Velez-Ocampo
Keyword(s):  
Developing Country ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Multinational Companies ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
International Expansion ◽  
Entry Modes ◽  
Market Selection ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Managerial Decisions

Purpose – This paper aims to provide an examination of the ongoing internationalisation processes undertaken by 30 major multinational Colombian-owned firms. It also presents a theoretical overview and a conceptual framework for the understanding of internationalisation patterns from emerging countries’ multinational enterprises. Design/methodology/approach – This study is built based both on the results collected from comparative case studies based in the literature and empirical observations of Colombia’s patterns. This study observed the evolution in terms of commitment and investment decisions that 30 major Colombian companies have undergone specially within the past decade. Findings – Although, it was found that direct exports is the widespread entry mode of Colombian companies to foreign markets, most of the observed firms preferred the consolidation in host markets through Mergers & Acquisitions instead of using Greenfield investments or joint ventures. These observations might suggest similarities with the process of internationalisation of Asian tigers multinationals, which means that they are consolidating their internationalisation process based on their learning, linkages and leverages capabilities. Furthermore, Colombian companies are following the internationalisation pattern of other multilatinas. These companies have first explorer natural markets for them; in other words, they have first attempt to be established in markets that share psychic features, and similar institutional environments, as psychic and physical proximity reduces risk and facilitates foreseen return of investments, and therefore long-term capital accumulation. Research limitations/implications – This study has some limitations that suggest further research. First, although the observed firms share one main characteristic: being Colombian-owned multinationals, they belong to diverse fields, so this might pose difficultly for the creation of a framework that explains other multinationals drivers to internationalise. A second limitation is that this analysis does not deepen into the internationalisation patterns of multilatinas from countries other than Colombia; this leaves room for further research questions that might deal with the issue of analysing advantages and disadvantages in the internationalisation process of developing country multinational corporations (DCMCs). A third limitation is that this study does not have a longitudinal approach, so this paper does not intent to provide definitive information about cause-and-effect relationship regarding the drivers for DCMCs to internationalize, instead, this study is intended to provide an analysis of the outward foreign direct investment decisions of Colombian multinational firms. Practical implications – There is limited research based on primary data on accessing the internationalisation process of Colombian multinational companies. This paper offers a research framework and results which could be replicated in other Developing Country Multinational Corporation (DCMNC), and could also be studied longitudinally. This study includes relevant information on the drivers for international expansion, market selection, perceived obstacles, entry modes and consolidation in host markets via acquisitions that could possibly support managerial decisions. Originality/value – There is limited research based on primary data on accessing the process of internationalisation of Colombian multinational companies. This paper offers research framework and results which could be replicated in other DCMNC, and also could be longitudinally studied. This study includes relevant information on the drivers for international expansion, market selection, perceived obstacles, entry modes and consolidation in host markets via acquisitions that could eventually support managerial decisions.

scholarly journals AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION, MARKETING AND VALUE CHAIN OF POTATO IN BAMYAN PROVINCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Ghulam Honaryar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Marketable Surplus ◽  
Important Cash Crop ◽  
Potato Producer ◽  
High Level

The present study on “An economic analysis of production, marketing and value chain of potato in Bamyan province” undertaken for studying the trend in production, productivity, marketing, value chain, cost of cultivation and problems faced by the farmers in production and marketing of potato. In Bamuan, potato is an important cash crop and source of income of agriculture production. Potato is emerged as an important vegetable crop for Yakowlang district of Bamyan province, with better productivity. Therefore, a study of economics of cultivation, marketing, value chain in Yakowlang district was undertaken. For this study, Yakowlang district and Bamyan center selected because of high level of production. In this study 126 farmers were selected from six villages, three for each district (Bamyan and Yakowlang). Relevant information was collected from the potato producer to know the economics of potato cultivation and analyzed according to various cost concept used in farm management studies. Cost of cultivation of potato calculated from the primary data collected from purposively selected grower of potato of Bamyan province. According to study, using gross margin analysis, net margin of farmers as average is around 134243 AFN per Hectare and according to production and yield of different potato varieties in Bamyan, Kabul and Panjsher provinces. Loura variety give highest yield in Bamyan province i.e. 65.37 Ton per Hectare and similarly in Kabul Amany Variety give highest yield that is 45.71 Ton per Hectare and finally Panjsher province is a major producer of potato in Afghanistan also Amany gives highest yield that is 51.67 Ton per Hectare. Similarly, marketable surplus of three different category of farmers, small farmers are around 88.4 percent, medium farmers were 92.68 percent and large farmers were around 90 percent had marketable surplus. Also major constraints with the farmers in potato production, and marketing ranked first was price instability, followed by high storage charges, uncertainty of water, inadequate marketing facility and spoilage of potato.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PARTISIPASI PENYUSUNAN ANGGARAN, MOTIVASI, JOB RELEVANT INFORMATION, KEBIJAKAN PENYUSUNAN ANGGARAN DAN PELIMPAHAN WEWENANG TERHADAP KINERJA MANAJERIAL SKPD KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN TALAUD

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Aljeni Murahati Rellam ◽  
Grace B. Nangoi ◽  
Jenny Morasa
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Planning Program ◽  
Managerial Performance ◽  
Delegation Of Authority ◽  
Participation Motivation

This study aims to determine the effect of budget participation to managerial performance SKPD Talaud Islands, to determine the effect of motivation budgeting on managerial performance SKPD Talaud Islands, To know the job relevant information budgetary against Managerial Performance SKPD Talaud Islands, to know the Policy Formulation budget of the Managerial performance Talaud Islands, to determine the influence of delegation of authority budgeting on Managerial performance SKPD Talaud Islands, to determine jointly the effect of budget participation, motivation budgeting, job relevant information budgeting, policy budgeting, delegation of authority budgeting on managerial performance SKPD Talaud Islands. The population in this study was 105 respondents from 35 SKPD in Government Talaud Islands. Samples were selected using purposive sampling method, as many as 105 employees / officers who have served as Secretary, Head of Finance and Head of Planning / Program for primary data tested were from 105 respondents are already established. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression analysis and before the data is processed first tested using the classical assumption test. As for the process of research data using SPSS version 15.0. The results showed evidence that budget participation, motivation budgeting, job relevant information budgeting, no significant effect on managerial performance. And research shows evidence that the policy of budgeting, delegation of authority budgeting significant effect on managerial performance. Keywords: Participation budgeting, motivation budgeting, job relevant information budgeting, budgeting policies, delegation of authority budgeting on managerial performance

scholarly journals PENERAPAN MODEL TUTORIAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN SISWA DALAM MENULIS SURAT DINAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Agi Ahmad Ginanjar
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Class Action ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Class Viii ◽  
Students Attitudes

ABSTRAK: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui berhasil tidaknya� model pembelajaran tutorial meningkatkan kemampuan pada siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Puspahiang. Metode Penelitian ini adalah metode tidakan kelas. Sedangkan teknik penelitiannya adalah (1) teknik wawancara, (2) teknik observasi, (3) teknik tes. Sumber data penelitian ini ada dua yaitu sumber primer dan sumber sekunder. Sumber data primer adalah siswa kelas VIII A SMP Negeri 1 Puspahiang.. Sedangkan sumber data sekunder adalah guru, dokumen kelas, dan kepala sekolah. Hasil observasi dan analisi data menunjukkan bahwa kemampaun siswa kelas VIII A SMPN 1 Pusphiang dari siklus I ke siklus II mengalami peningkatan. Hal ini dapat diketahui dari hasil oleh data bahwa rata-rata pelaksanaan pembelajaran tutrial siklus I hanya 75% sementara siklus II 95,8%. Selain itu, sikap siswa ketika mengikuti pembelajaran dari siklus I ke siklus II mengalami peningkatan. Peningkatan tersebuut ditunjukkan bawah pada siklus I hanya satu kategori yang sangat baik yanitu kerja sama, sedangkan keaktifan, keseungguhan, dan pasrtipasi kategorinya baik. Pada siklus II semua aspek yang diamati baik kerja sama, keaktifan, kesungguhan, dan partispasi semuanya berkategori sangat baik. Nilai hasil belajar siswa dalam menulis surat dinas juga mengamali peningkatan dari siklus I ke siklus II. Pada siklus I sebanyak 12 siswa kategori sangat baik, dan 11 siswa kategori baik, dan 8 orang kategiri cukup. Pada siklus II meimgkat menjadi 24 sisa kategori sangat baik dan 7 siswa dengan kategori baik. Dengan demikian hipotesis dalam penelitian ini diterima. Artinya, model� tutorial meningkatkan hasil pembelajaran menulis surat dinas pada siswa kelas VIII A SMP Negeri 1 Puspahiang.KATA KUNCI: Menulis; Surat dinas; Tutorial. �THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TUTORIAL METHOD TO IMPROVE STUDENT'S ABILITYIN WRITING FORMAL LETTER�ABSTRACT: This study aims to determine the success or failure of the tutorial learning model in improving the abilities of grade VIII students of SMP Negeri 1 Puspahiang. This research method is a class action method. While the research techniques are (1) interview techniques, (2) observation techniques, (3) test techniques. There are two sources of data in this study, namely primary sources and secondary sources. Primary data sources were students of class VIII A SMP Negeri 1 Puspahiang. Meanwhile, secondary data sources were teachers, class documents, and school principals. The results of observation and data analysis showed that the ability of class VIII A students of SMPN 1 Pusphiang from cycle I to cycle II had increased. It can be seen from the results by the data that the average implementation of tutrial learning in cycle I is only 75% while cycle II is 95.8%. In addition, students' attitudes when participating in learning from cycle I to cycle II have increased. This improvement is shown below in cycle I, there is only one very good category, namely cooperation, while activeness, sincerity, and participation are good categories. In cycle II, all aspects observed, both cooperation, activeness, seriousness, and participation, were all in very good categories. The value of student learning outcomes in writing official letters also increased from cycle I to cycle II. In the first cycle there were 12 students in very good category, and 11 students in good category, and 8 students in enough category. In the second cycle it increased to 24 remaining in very good categories and 7 students with good categories. Thus the hypothesis in this study is accepted. That is, the tutorial model improves the learning outcomes of writing official letters for class VIII A students of SMP Negeri 1 Puspahiang.KEY WORDS: Write; Official letter; Tutorial

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document