scholarly journals SPECTROSCOPIC AND CHROMATOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISATION OF MUSHROOM EXTRACT (Pleurotus tuberregium) IN COMPARISON WITH SELECTED ANTI-GLAUCOMA MEDICATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A. Akinlabi ◽  
C. Uwumonse
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Mushroom Extract ◽  
Antiglaucoma Medication ◽  
Pressure Lowering ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Pleurotus Tuberregium

Pleurotus tuberregium, the king tuber mushroom, is an edible gilled fungus native to the tropics, including Africa, Asia, and Australia. Experimental studies have shown that extracts of Pleurotus tuberregium caused a decrease in intraocular pressure in steroid induced ocular hypertension stimulating increasing interest in it as a potential anti-glaucoma drug. This study investigated the possible existence of similar active ingredients found in the antiglaucoma medications under study (2% Pilocarpine, 0.5 % Timolol, 0.5% Betaxolol and 0.005% Latanoprost) and the fractions of the mushroom extract. Column chromatography was performed using silica gel to isolate active compounds from the extract of Pleurotus tuberregium. Thin layer chromatographic analysis was then performed on the fractions alongside known anti-glaucoma medications to determine and compare their retardation factors and migration speeds. Further analytical study was carried out using UV-VIS spectrophotometry. Data obtained was presented in bar charts and graphs, and analyzed using one sample t-test in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0. Thin layer chromatography showed comparative corresponding separation spots of the extracts with those of the antiglaucoma medication, and thus similar retardation factors. This study serves to further corroborate the postulated intraocular pressure lowering effect of P. tuberregium extract thereby contributing to the journey of the possible discovery of a potential anti-glaucoma medication.

scholarly journals SPECTROSCOPIC AND CHROMATOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISATION OF MUSHROOM EXTRACT (Pleurotus tuberregium) IN COMPARISON WITH SOME ANTIGLAUCOMA MEDICATIONS (0.5% TIMOLOL AND 0.005% LATANOPROST)

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A. Akinlabi ◽  
C. Uwumwonse
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Mushroom Extract ◽  
Antiglaucoma Medication ◽  
Edible Fungus ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Pleurotus Tuberregium

Pleurotus tuberregium, an edible fungus, occurs in both tropical and subtropical regions of the world Scientific evidences exist for the use of P. tuberregium in the treatment of high blood pressure, diabetic hypertriglyceredemia, fungal and bacterial infections, tumours and raised intraocular pressure. However, its comparative chromatographic and spectroscopic analysis with anti-glaucoma medications has not been extensively explored. This study separated the bioactive constituents of the mushroom extract and compared it with 0.5% Timolol and 0.005% Latanoprost. Fractions of the extracts were obtained through Column chromatography utilizing silica gel. Retardation factors and migration speeds of the fractions were then obtained using Thin Layer Chromatography. UV-VIS spectrophotometry was then utilized to obtain a more refined result. The experiment produced comparative retardation factors and retardation factors of the extracts with those of the antiglaucoma medication. Spectroscopic studies on the extract revealed that it has an absorption spectrum within the ultra violet wavelength range with a λmax of 320nm. All spots for this study were produced with a reproducibility factor better than 1.5% RSD. 

scholarly journals Intraocular pressure-lowering effects of Ripasudil: a potential outcome marker for Trabeculotomy

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erina Goda ◽  
Kazuyuki Hirooka ◽  
Kazuhiko Mori ◽  
Yoshiaki Kiuchi
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Glaucoma Surgery ◽  
Antiglaucoma Medication ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Pressure Lowering ◽  
Surgical Failure ◽  
Effective Group

Abstract Background To examine the use of ripasudil as a trabeculotomy outcome marker in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods Between May 2015 and December 2018, 35 eyes underwent trabeculotomy and were postoperatively followed for over 3 months. Ripasudil was defined as effective if drug administration resulted in a greater than 10% reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP). Patients were divided into effective (effective group) or non-effective (non-effective group) ripasudil administration groups. The need for additional glaucoma surgery or an IOP ≥ 21 mmHg indicated surgical failure. In both groups, a Kaplan-Meier survival-analysis was used to evaluate success probabilities related to postoperative IOP levels. Results Effective IOP reduction occurred in 14 of 35 eyes after ripasudil administration, which was shown by a decrease of more than 10%. Postoperatively, both groups exhibited significant reductions of IOP and antiglaucoma medication use for up to 24 months. At 12 and 24 months after trabeculotomy, probabilities of success in the effective vs. non-effective group were 100% vs. 94.7 and 100% vs. 75.4%, respectively (P = 0.14). Conclusions Trabeculotomy is effective for achieving an IOP < 21 mmHg in ripasudil effective POAG eyes. Examination of ripasudil’s IOP-lowering effects may be useful in predicting surgical outcomes after trabeculotomy.

Effect of postural changes on intraocular pressure in patients with acute angle-closure glaucoma in Indian population

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Sanjay Mishra ◽  
Ashok Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Acute Angle ◽  
Angle Closure Glaucoma ◽  
Angle Closure ◽  
Sitting Position ◽  
Rebound Tonometer ◽  
Antiglaucoma Medication ◽  
Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma ◽  
Postural Changes ◽  
Healthy Control

Objective: The objective of the study was to compare the posture-induced intraocular pressure (IOP) changes in primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) with or without glaucoma medications, and healthy control eyes with normal IOPs in Indian subjects. Materials and Methods: The IOP was measured in the sitting position and the supine position after 10, 20, and 30 min with a rebound tonometer. Results: Twenty-five patients with PACG and 30 controls with normal IOPs were studied. The IOP in the sitting position measured with the rebound tonometer was 13.8 + 3.2 mm Hg in eyes with PAC, and 12.9 + 2.9 mm Hg in eyes with normal IOPs. The IOP increased to 14.4 mm Hg, 16.8 mm Hg, and 18.9 mm Hg at 10 min, 20 min, and 30 min in PACG subjects. In normal age-matched controls, the IOP increased to 13.4 mm Hg, 14.9 mm Hg, and 17.8 mm Hg at 10 min, 20 min, and 30 min, respectively, but none of these differences were significant (P = 0.09; P = 0.08, P = 0.08). The mean postural IOP change from baseline was also not significant between the two groups. Only three patients were on single antiglaucoma medication with well-controlled IOP in the PACG group. Conclusions: Postural IOP changes are comparable among eyes with PACG with and without glaucoma medications, and control eyes.

Systematics, Biogeography, and Morphological Character Evolution of the Hemiepiphytic Subfamily Monsteroideae (Araceae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Zuluaga ◽  
Martin Llano ◽  
Ken Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
R Package ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Tropics

The subfamily Monsteroideae (Araceae) is the third richest clade in the family, with ca. 369 described species and ca. 700 estimated. It comprises mostly hemiepiphytic or epiphytic plants restricted to the tropics, with three intercontinental disjunctions. Using a dataset representing all 12 genera in Monsteroideae (126 taxa), and five plastid and two nuclear markers, we studied the systematics and historical biogeography of the group. We found high support for the monophyly of the three major clades (Spathiphylleae sister to Heteropsis Kunth and Rhaphidophora Hassk. clades), and for six of the genera within Monsteroideae. However, we found low rates of variation in the DNA sequences used and a lack of molecular markers suitable for species-level phylogenies in the group. We also performed ancestral state reconstruction of some morphological characters traditionally used for genera delimitation. Only seed shape and size, number of seeds, number of locules, and presence of endosperm showed utility in the classification of genera in Monsteroideae. We estimated ancestral ranges using a dispersal-extinction-cladogenesis model as implemented in the R package BioGeoBEARS and found evidence for a Gondwanan origin of the clade. One tropical disjunction (Monstera Adans. sister to Amydrium Schott–Epipremnum Schott) was found to be the product of a previous Boreotropical distribution. Two other disjunctions are more recent and likely due to long-distance dispersal: Spathiphyllum Schott (with Holochlamys Engl. nested within) represents a dispersal from South America to the Pacific Islands in Southeast Asia, and Rhaphidophora represents a dispersal from Asia to Africa. Future studies based on stronger phylogenetic reconstructions and complete morphological datasets are needed to explore the details of speciation and migration within and among areas in Asia.

Early results of micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation for the treatment of glaucoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 700-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander T Nguyen ◽  
Jessica Maslin ◽  
Robert J Noecker
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Angle Closure ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Early Results ◽  
Pressure Lowering ◽  
Transscleral Cyclophotocoagulation ◽  
The Mean

Purpose: To describe our clinical experience with the efficacy and safety of micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation as a treatment for glaucoma. Methods: In this retrospective case series, we reviewed the charts of 95 consecutive patients with various glaucoma subtypes who underwent micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation. Patients were offered micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation if they had perimetric glaucoma refractory to intraocular pressure–lowering topical medications and who were poor candidates for traditional filtering surgery. Eligible patients were treated with the Micropulse P3 device (IQ 810 Laser Systems; Iridex, Mountain View, CA, USA) at 2.0–2.5 W for a duration of 90 s per hemisphere at a 31.3% duty cycle. If a retreatment was needed, the power was increased to up to 3.0 W with other parameters remaining the same. Patients were considered successfully treated if their intraocular pressure was lowered by at least 20% compared to their baseline. The main outcome measure was post-operative intraocular pressure; secondary outcome measures included the number of adverse events and complications that occurred with treatment. Results: The glaucoma subtypes treated included primary open-angle glaucoma (n = 51), exfoliation glaucoma (n = 24), chronic angle-closure glaucoma (n = 15), and congenital/juvenile glaucoma (n = 5). The mean pre-operative intraocular pressure was 25.1 ± 5.3 mm Hg and the mean post-operative intraocular pressure at 12 months was 17.5 ± 5.1 mm Hg (p = 0.004). The mean number of intraocular pressure–lowering medications used preoperatively was 3.0 ± 1.1; the mean number of medications used at the 12-month post-operative visit was 1.4 ± 1.0 (p = 0.03). Success with one treatment was achieved in 73 (76.8%) of patients. With multiple treatments, all patients had significant intraocular pressure–lowering compared to baseline. The maximum number of treatments received by any single patient was 5. There were no instances of prolonged intraocular inflammation or long-term hypotony. Conclusion: Micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation appears to be a safe and efficacious treatment for glaucoma. Given its improved safety profile compared to continuous-wave transscleral cyclophotocoagulation, it deserves consideration as a primary procedure.

scholarly journals Association between Rates of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thinning after Intraocular Pressure–Lowering Procedures and Disc Hemorrhage

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiyuan Hou ◽  
Sasan Moghimi ◽  
Linda M. Zangwill ◽  
James A. Proudfoot ◽  
Tadamichi Akagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Nerve Fiber ◽  
Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Disc Hemorrhage ◽  
Nerve Fiber Layer ◽  
Pressure Lowering ◽  
Retinal Nerve Fiber
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