scholarly journals A CRITICAL STUDY OF “PESHI” AS DESCRIBED IN SUSHRUT SAMHITA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2066-2071
Author(s):  
Shinde Priyanka Ashok
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Human Science ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Structural Entity

Ayurveda is a human science. It provides knowledge of the structural and functional constitution of the human body. Sushrut, “Father of Surgery” according to Ayurveda, describes the human body to be made up of 6 major parts – Shadanga – 4 Shakhas (extremities), Madhya (middle part/trunk) the fifth and Shira (head) the sixth. These parts are further subdivided into Pratyangas (sub-parts) like Sira (veins), Dhamani (arteries), Srotas (chan- nels), Asthi (bones), Sandhi (joints), Avayava (organs), Kala (membrane) etc. Peshi is one of the Pratyangas de- scribed by Sushrut. Peshi is developed from Pishit (Mamsa / muscle) and is present in close relation to Sira, Sna- yu (ligaments), Asthi and Sandhi enveloping and protecting them. The information available regarding the Peshi evokes the curiosity to determine the anatomical structural entity described in the classics. This study, therefore, analyses the information and tries to correlate it with the most suitable anatomical structure with logical interpre- tation. Keywords: Peshi, Pishit (Mamsa / muscle), Sira, Snayu, Sandhi

1. Observations on the Anatomy of the Rorqual (a Whalebone Whale of the largest magnitude), drawn up from the dissection of a specimen found dead off North Berwick

1845 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 14-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Knox
Keyword(s):  
Middle Part ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Entire Length ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
The Brain

This paper, composed ehiefly of anatomical details regarding the anatomical structure of the Rorqual, scarcely admits of abridgement. The author has described the skeleton of the cavity for receiving the brain and the mechanism of the larynx at greatest length. The entire length of the whale, measured by a straight line, drawn on the sand from the nose to the middle part of the tail, and making a slight allowance for the curved position in which the animal lay, was 80 feet. Length of the head 23 feet. The girth of the carcass at the pectoral extremities (though the animal had been ten days on the beach, and was much collapsed) 34 feet. Breadth of the tail from tip to tip' 20 feet. The author describes the appearance of the mouth, lined with whalebone, as very surprising.

Taxonomic description and 3D modelling of a new species of myzostomid (Annelida, Myzostomida) associated with black corals from Madagascar

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4244 (2) ◽  
pp. 277 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUCAS TERRANA ◽  
IGOR EECKHAUT
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Ventral Side ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
Taxonomic Description ◽  
Black Corals ◽  
Organ Systems

Eenymeenymyzostoma nigrocorallium n. sp. is the first species of myzostomid worm associated with black corals to be described. Endoparasitic specimens of E. nigrocorallium were found associated with three species of antipatharians on the Great Reef of Toliara. Individuals inhabit the gastrovascular ducts of their hosts and evidence of infestation is, most of the time, not visible externally. Phylogenetic analyses based on 18S rDNA, 16S rDNA and COI data indicate a close relation to Eenymeenymyzostoma cirripedium, the only other species of the genus. The morphology of E. nigrocorallium is very unusual compared to that of the more conventional E. cirripedium. The new species has five pairs of extremely reduced parapodia located on the body margin and no introvert, cirri or lateral organs. Individuals are hermaphroditic, with the male and female gonads both being located dorsally in the trunk. It also has a highly developed parenchymo-muscular layer on the ventral side, and the digestive system lies in the middle part of the trunk. A three-dimensional digital model of this worm’s body plan has been constructed whereby the external morphology and in toto views of the observed organ systems (nervous, digestive and reproductive) can be viewed on-screen: http://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.17911.21923. 

scholarly journals Ayurveda Literary Research Study on Some Important Aspects of Srotas

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 280-283
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kumar Chouhan
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Structure Functions ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Literary Research ◽  
Micro Channels

The ancient medical science of India; Ayurveda considered Srotas as an important structural and functions entity of human body. The Hira, Antreshu, Gavinyau, Dhamani, Srotyah, Panth, Khani, Srawanti, Nadi and Dwar are considered as Srotas or they together form Srotas. Akashaa Mahabhut is mainly involves in the constitution of Srotas. Srotas play significant role in the circulation and transportation of various materials. Different studies have been conducted on Srotas, but still there is more to explore in this regards; considering this fact present investigation was planned to conduct more deep study related to ayurveda perspective of Srotas. The article presented critical study of Srotas with special reference to microcirculation in a view to explore all dimensions of micro channels. The study described various concepts related to nature, structure, functions and development of the Srotas. Keywords: Ayurveda, Srotas, micro channels, transportation.   

scholarly journals A CRITICAL STUDY OF ANNAVAHA SROTAS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ITS DEVELOPMENTAL ANATOMY

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1521-1528
Author(s):  
Niraj Gole ◽  
Pankaj Gupta ◽  
Nisha Bhalerao ◽  
Arvind Kumar Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
The Body ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Developmental Anatomy ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Basic Need

Ayurveda has its holistic approach to understanding the Purush Sharir by different theories like the Srotas, the concept of Srotas is a unique contribution in the understanding of the anatomy of the human body. There is a de- scription of Srotas by 13 Acharya Charak and 11 pairs of Srotas by Acharya Sushrut, both Acharyas described Annavaha Srotas and its Moolas. Acharya Dhanwantari all parts of the body formed at the same time due to Va- yu. Vayu along with Pitta demarcates channels according to purpose; similarly, entering Mamsa (flesh) demar- cates muscles. Matrija Bhava and PitrajBhav are helpful in the origin of Annavaha Srotas. In the classics, Achar- ya says about three Pillars of life viz Ahara, Nidra and Brahamacarya. Ahara is a basic need of all living things. Annavaha Srotas is one of the types of Srotas described in all important Samhita. Keywords: Annavaha Srotas, Sroto Moola, Annavahidhamni, Amashaya and Vamparshava

scholarly journals Linguagem e cognição: os (des)encontros entre a lingüística e as ciências cognitivas

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Edwiges Maria Morato ◽  
Ingedore Villaça Koch
Keyword(s):  
Close Relation ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Cognitive Sciences ◽  
Language And Cognition

In this article we try to contextualize the relations between Linguistics and Cognitive Sciences from a pragmatic-discursive standpoint. For this purpose, we proceed with a critical study of the streams that, in Linguistics, postulate a close relation between language and cognition, concerning some fundamental notions such as communication, use and context. Finally we list the theoretical bases upon which a conceptual bridge betweeen language and cognition can be established: a relation of mutual constitutiveness, which necessarily passes through the processes of signification and in which discourse intervenes.

scholarly journals INTERPRETATION OF SNAYU IN CLASSICAL TEXTS BASED ON INFERENTIAL ANATOMICAL EXPLORATIONS: A REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 171-176
Author(s):  
Vidhyaprabha R
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Cadaveric Dissection ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
Contemporary Science ◽  
Dissection Techniques ◽  
Surgical Aspects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ancient Texts

Contemporary validation is the need of the hour when it comes to Ayurveda. Discrepancy in theories of Ayurveda and contemporary science makes this validation quite challenging. The anatomical terms mentioned in the classical texts need to be deciphered appropriately as the impact of these ideas are not just limited to a structure but to its physiological, surgical, pathological and surgical aspects. The term Snayu has always been a controversial structure when it comes to an anatomical validation. The objective of this review article is to correlate Snayu and its types to structures in the human body on the basis of cadaveric dissection through observation and inference. The methodology involved is a thorough literary review on structure and location of Snayu and its comparison to the anatomical structure in the background of dissection techniques and observation methods used in the ancient texts. It was observed that Snayu can be correlated to fibrous structures of human body like fascia, ligaments, tendons, aponeurosis etc.

The Orchestra as Acting Area in Greek Tragedy

Ramus ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Ley ◽  
Michael Ewans
Keyword(s):  
Greek Tragedy ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Central Problem ◽  
Classical Drama ◽  
Considerable Experience

For some years past there has been a welcome change of emphasis towards the consideration of staging in books published on Greek tragedy; and yet with that change also a curious failure to be explicit about the central problem connected with all stagecraft, namely that of the acting-area. In this study two scholars with considerable experience of teaching classical drama in performance consider this problem of the acting-area in close relation to major scenes from two Greek tragedies, and suggest some general conclusions. The article must stand to some extent as a critique of the succession of books that has followed the apparently pioneering study of Oliver Taplin, none of which has made any substantial or sustained attempt to indicate where actors might have acted in the performance of Greek tragedy, though most, if not all, have been prepared to discard the concept of a raised ‘stage’ behind the orchestra. Hippolytus (428 BC) is the earliest of the surviving plays of Euripides to involve three speaking actors in one scene. Both Alcestis (438 BC and Medea (431 BC almost certainly require three actors to be performed with any fluency, but surprisingly present their action largely through dialogue and confrontation — surprisingly, perhaps, because at least since 458 BC and the performance of the Oresteia it is clear that three actors were available to any playwright.

Microstructural comparison of synthetic bioceramics with natural bioceramics

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 38-39
Author(s):  
Shulin Wen ◽  
Jingwei Feng ◽  
A. Krajewski ◽  
A. Ravaglioli
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
Main Constituent ◽  
Laboratory Furnace ◽  
Chinese Adult ◽  
Human Enamel ◽  
Biological Compatibility ◽  
Synthetic Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Synthetic Work

Hydroxyapatite bioceramics has attracted many material scientists as it is the main constituent of the bone and the teeth in human body. The synthesis of the bioceramics has been performed for years. Nowadays, the synthetic work is not only focused on the hydroapatite but also on the fluorapatite and chlorapatite bioceramics since later materials have also biological compatibility with human tissues; and they may also be very promising for clinic purpose. However, in comparison of the synthetic bioceramics with natural one on microstructure, a great differences were observed according to our previous results. We have investigated these differences further in this work since they are very important to appraise the synthetic bioceramics for their clinic application.The synthetic hydroxyapatite and chlorapatite were prepared according to A. Krajewski and A. Ravaglioli and their recent work. The briquettes from different hydroxyapatite or chlorapatite powders were fired in a laboratory furnace at the temperature of 900-1300°C. The samples of human enamel selected for the comparison with synthetic bioceramics were from Chinese adult teeth.

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