scholarly journals Banco Canaima en la encrucijada. La nueva era Estratégica

1993 ◽  
pp. 98-124
Author(s):  
Elvis Zavatti ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Foreign Competition ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Way

This case study develops the decision that must be made by the directors of a Venezuelan bank, Banco Canaima, in an unsophisticated market with a small number of competitors in the face of a reform of the financial system. It discusses what new strategy will be in the short, medium and long term and what direction the company should take: continue to grow or consolidate, as well as the concrete actions that would be taken in each case to implement the chosen strategy and to face the changes in the financial system and the increase of local and foreign competition. The purpose of this case study is to teach students the different obstacles that stand in the way of planning to change an organization’s strategy. Finally, marketing concepts may also be applicable to the activities of the banking sector.

scholarly journals Assessing the Capacity of Adaptive Policy Pathways to Adapt on Time by Mapping Trigger Values to Their Outcomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Raso ◽  
Jan Kwakkel ◽  
Jos Timmermans
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Level Of Confidence ◽  
Adaptive Policy ◽  
Misclassification Errors ◽  
The Future ◽  
Adaptive Action ◽  
The Face

Climate change raises serious concerns for policymakers that want to ensure the success of long-term policies. To guarantee satisfactory decisions in the face of deep uncertainties, adaptive policy pathways might be used. Adaptive policy pathways are designed to take actions according to how the future will actually unfold. In adaptive pathways, a monitoring system collects the evidence required for activating the next adaptive action. This monitoring system is made of signposts and triggers. Signposts are indicators that track the performance of the pathway. When signposts reach pre-specified trigger values, the next action on the pathway is implemented. The effectiveness of the monitoring system is pivotal to the success of adaptive policy pathways, therefore the decision-makers would like to have sufficient confidence about the future capacity to adapt on time. “On time” means activating the next action on a pathway neither so early that it incurs unnecessary costs, nor so late that it incurs avoidable damages. In this paper, we show how mapping the relations between triggers and the probability of misclassification errors inform the level of confidence that a monitoring system for adaptive policy pathways can provide. Specifically, we present the “trigger-probability” mapping and the “trigger-consequences” mappings. The former mapping displays the interplay between trigger values for a given signpost and the level of confidence regarding whether change occurs and adaptation is needed. The latter mapping displays the interplay between trigger values for a given signpost and the consequences of misclassification errors for both adapting the policy or not. In a case study, we illustrate how these mappings can be used to test the effectiveness of a monitoring system, and how they can be integrated into the process of designing an adaptive policy.

scholarly journals Challenges and Vulnerabilities on Public Finance Sustainability. A Romanian Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ionel Bostan ◽  
Carmen Toderașcu ◽  
Anca Gavriluţă (Vatamanu)
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Scenario Analysis ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Formal Proof ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses ◽  
Empirical Tests ◽  
The Way

Given the contradiction between the current demands for sustainability and the way that the financial system works, this paper explored in a retrospective and a prospective view, Romanian Public Finance Sustainability, highlighting the major challenges and vulnerabilities. Relating to the retrospective part, we concentrated mainly on empirical tests on Romanian government solvency between the period 1990–2020, by applying un it root and co-integration tests. To gain a better, general understanding of the behavior of policy-makers, in the second part we used a scenario analysis of budgetary adjustment in the short and medium run under alternative hypotheses. The results provided formal proof that policy makers decisions face critical and complex questions, and the way in which they manage fiscal stimuli has a direct implication on the sustainability of the country and on the lax implementation of fiscal policy.

scholarly journals Externally-imposed Institutional Barriers on Transnational Entrepreneurs: Lessons for the Iranian-Canadian Case

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pouyan Tabasinejad
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Financial System ◽  
The State ◽  
Institutional Barriers ◽  
Transnational Entrepreneurship ◽  
Transnational Entrepreneurs ◽  
Global Financial System ◽  
The Way

Scholars of transnational entrepreneurship have largely focused on the issue of institutional barriers within the country of origin (COO) context, asserting that transnational entrepreneurs (TEs) can overcome these barriers in a way that constitutes a competitive advantage. What has not been analyzed in the literature is the way in which institutional barriers that are imposed from outside of TE networks can affect TE behaviour and success. In this study, I will introduce the concept of externally imposed institutional barriers, using the example of Iranian TEs as a case study in which to understand this concept. By looking at three cases of Iranian TEs functioning within the context of Iran’s exclusion from the global financial system, this study will draw conclusions on the state of Iranian-Canadian TE activity and its implications for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers.

FROM LONG-TERM PATTERNS OF SEASONAL HUNGER TO CHANGING EXPERIENCES OF EVERYDAY POVERTY: NORTHEASTERN GHANA C. 1930–2000

2006 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
JÉRÔME DESTOMBES
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Evidence ◽  
West African ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Poor Diet ◽  
John Hunter ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Way

This article is a West African case-study of the nutritional history of everyday poverty. It draws on unusually rich statistical evidence collected in northeastern Ghana. In the 1930s, pioneer colonial surveys revealed that seasonal poor diet was pervasive, by contrast with undernourishment. They pave the way for constructing a new set of anthropometric data in Nangodi, a savanna polity where John Hunter completed a classic study of seasonal hunger in the 1960s. A re-survey of the same sections and lineages c. 2000, during a full agricultural cycle, shows a significant improvement in nutritional statuses, notably for women.

scholarly journals Maintaining Effort and Interest despite Challenges during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Process Tracing Approach to a Teacher’s Grit during an Online L2 Course

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-60
Author(s):  
Majid Elahi Shirvan ◽  
Nigel Mantou Lou ◽  
Mojdeh Shahnama ◽  
Elham Yazdanmehr
Keyword(s):  
Online Teaching ◽  
Process Tracing ◽  
Online Course ◽  
Individual Factor ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
The Face ◽  
Teacher Effort ◽  
Cluster Analytic

Grit—the ability to maintain effort and interest for long-term goals—is argued to be an important individual factor for achievement, especially in the face of obstacles. However, little research has examined the possible fluctuations of effort and interest and how challenges may trigger the changes of effort and interest. In this study, we measured a teacher’s grit at the beginning of an online course during the COVID-19 pandemic, and we focused on the changes in a teacher’s effort and interest throughout the course. In this case study we unpacked the explanations of possible changes in grit via process tracing. Despite the fact that the teacher scored high on the grit scale, we found that the sudden shift from in-person to online teaching had put much pressure and demand on the teacher. The new teaching challenge influenced the teacher’s self-evaluation of their teaching performance and students’ engagement, which led to changes in effort and interest. Therefore, we argue that one’s average grit (e.g., measured by grit scale) cannot be the representation of their ability to maintain interest and effort on different occasions due to the influence of different situational causes or pressure. Specifically, during the course, the teacher’s effort and interest underwent changes on four occasions, characterized by four distinct dynamic patterns in terms of the interaction of high and low interest and effort. The four emerging patterns of L2 teacher effort and interest indicate that the construct of grit could be explained in terms of four dynamic clusters or archetypes. This study provides implications for understanding the complex dynamic nature of grit, which can be further explored through cluster analytic approaches in future studies.

scholarly journals Critical Infrastructure in Poland during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-62
Author(s):  
Rafał Wróbel ◽  
Ilona Wróbel
Keyword(s):  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Protective Capacity ◽  
Infrastructure Systems ◽  
Contagious Diseases ◽  
The Face ◽  
Governmental Institutions ◽  
Polish Law ◽  
Critical Infrastructure Systems

Purpose: The paper presents the results of the review of literature and of the legal regulations in the field of the protection of critical infrastructure in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic. The assumed main goal was to determine the requirements for protecting elements catalogued in 11 critical infrastructure systems, in the face of the risk of losing key personnel and the need to maintain continuity of critical infrastructure operations. Introduction: The first part of the paper discusses the essence and methods of identifying critical infrastructure in Poland. Further on, possible clauses were identified of an epidemic and its impact on individual critical infrastructure systems, with particular focus on the fact that if an epidemic occurs, there may be a temporary or long-term shortage of personnel essential to the business continuity of the facilities, installations and elements included in critical infrastructure. Then, the legal solutions for maintaining the operating continuity of critical infrastructure during COVID-19 implemented in 2020 were presented, pointing to legal tools aimed at ensuring the resilience of critical infrastructure by securing key resource, i.e. the employees. Methodology: Literature research and qualitative analysis were carried out of the legal acts announced in 2020 related to enhancing the resilience of critical infrastructure, and a review was carried out of the recommendations and guidelines addressed to critical infrastructure operators, which were issued in March and September of 2020. The obtained results were analysed using the following: publications, acts of the Polish law, recommendations and guidelines published on the websites of governmental institutions, interviews with independent experts. Conclusions: The first regulations on specific arrangements meant to prevent, counteract and combat COVID-19, other contagious diseases and crisis situations caused by them did not contain any provisions that would be supportive of the protective capacity of the critical infrastructure elements in Poland. The first document in this respect, RCB guidelines of 16 March 2020 have not been formalised yet in the legal system. The so-called Shield 2.0 of 31 March 2021 introduced to the 15x of the COVID-19 Act the tools for specific employers entitled to take advantage of new, previously unavailable opportunities to ensure the continuity of services. Those entitlements made it possible to change the work system or work schedule of employees, to instruct them to work overtime, as well as to refuse to grant annual leave or to cancel it. Keywords: critical infrastructure, pandemic, COVID-19, law, key personel Type of article: case study

scholarly journals How is Supply Chain Visibility Affecting SME's Operating in International Supply Chains?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Gordon Kenneth Smart
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Risk Sharing ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Positive Attribute ◽  
Shared Goals ◽  
The Way

<p>Supply chain visibility is generally seen as a positive attribute for individual supply chain partners and the supply chain as a whole. There is limited research on how increasing levels of supply chain visibility can impact individual organizations, particularly smaller entities (SME's). This paper uses an Australasian SME (Orion) as a case study to investigate how increasing visibility is affecting them and the way they operate within international supply chains.  The results indicate that increasing visibility can pose significant challenges and potentially negative consequences for smaller organizations. In addition to the extra resources required and complexity for the SME itself, diverging expectations and a lack of trust between supply partners can negatively impact on supply chain relations and long term supply chain innovation.  Within the supply chains Orion operates, increasing visibility does not appear to be leading to improvements in collaboration, risk sharing or shared goals. Viewed through the lens of Michael Porter's five forces model Orion is in a precarious environment, although there remain options for increased visibility to be used to Orion's advantage.</p>

scholarly journals Self-resolving Information Markets: An Experimental Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-67
Author(s):  
Kristoffer Ahlstrom-Vij ◽  
Nick Williams
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Information Markets ◽  
External Event ◽  
Time Horizons ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Face ◽  
Trading Behaviour

On traditional information markets (TIMs), rewards are tied to the occurrence (or non-occurrence) of events external to the market, such as some particular candidate winning an election. For that reason, they can only be used when it is possible to wait for some external event to resolve the market. In cases involving long time-horizons or counterfactual events, this is not an option. Hence, the need for a self-resolving information market (SRIM), resolved with reference to factors internal to the market itself. In the present paper, we first offer some theoretical reasons for thinking that, since the only thing that can be expected to be salient to all participants on a SRIM is the content of the question bet on, a convention will arise of taking that question at face value, and betting accordingly, in which case trading behaviour on SRIMs can be expected to be identical to that on TIMs. This is the ‘face value’ hypothesis. If this hypothesis holds, SRIMs have the potential of incorporating the accuracy of TIMs while shedding their limitations in relation to long-term predictions and the evaluation of counterfactuals. We then report on a laboratory experiment that demonstrates that trading behaviour can indeed come out highly similar across SRIMs and TIMs. As such, the study can be thought of as an experimental case study on SRIMs. Finally, we discuss some limitations of the study, and also points towards fruitful areas of future research in light of our results.

scholarly journals LabScrum: A Case Study For Agility in Academic Research Labs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa May ◽  
Tamara Runyon
Keyword(s):  
Academic Research ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
The Face ◽  
Student Training ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Graduate Student Training ◽  
The University

More information, including a guide to LabScrum, can be found at labscrum.org There are many challenges in the work of academic research labs, such as a lack of established process for planning, competing commitments requiring frequent task switching, and long delays in decisions. Silos of information create opacity of knowledge, and the individual nature of much of the work can create isolation that is demotivating.We were curious to see if an Agile-based project management approach could provide value in the face of these challenges. The Scrum framework seemed like a good place to start – lightweight, yet with more frequent and shorter feedback loops than before. As an experiment, we implemented Scrum with one lab in the Center for Translational Neuroscience at the University of Oregon. We continue to adapt and evolve as the implementation spreads to other labs and we work with an ever growing number of scientists. The adaption from Scrum to LabScrum took a great deal of consideration and experimentation given significant differences in goals, constraints, and environment between industry and academia. We named our adaptation LabScrum to reflect the customization for the academic research lab context. Using LabScrum, lab personnel are seeing increased productivity and increased visibility of short,medium, and long term planning and goals. Personnel are also benefiting from improved graduate student training, increased information sharing/collaboration, and improved social support and positive lab culture.

scholarly journals Patents, healthcare and engaged shareholders: a pathway to encourage socially responsible patent use?

Legal Studies ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Aisling McMahon ◽  
Edana Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Company Law ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Public Interests ◽  
Health Technologies ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Limited Support ◽  
The Face

Abstract This paper focuses on the drivers steering companies’ behaviour over uses of patented health technologies, taking Covid-19 as a case study. Global equitable access to health technologies is vital to bringing the pandemic under control. Reflecting this, global mechanisms for rightsholders to share intellectual property rights, data and know-how over such health technologies have been developed. Yet, to date, there is limited support from corporate rightsholders for such mechanisms. Instead, health technologies have been licensed largely based on bilateral deals, with vast global inequalities emerging. Given the traditional focus within company law on prioritising shareholders' short-term financial value, we argue that it is unsurprising that many corporate rightsholders adopt a protectionist approach to patents, even in the face of health crises. However, we argue that the tide may now be starting to shift, catalysed by an emergence of engaged shareholders petitioning for socially responsible corporate behaviour, including for uses of intellectual property over health technologies in a manner that more clearly aligns with public interests. If harnessed and encouraged, such engaged shareholder behaviour could present an opportunity to reframe the conception of shareholder value towards one that considers a long-term sustainable approach and ultimately to shift corporate behaviour around uses of intellectual property over health technologies to take public interests into account.

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