scholarly journals Landslide Hazard Risk Assessment and Landuse Planning of Mayoon, Hunza, GilgitBaltistan, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Garee Khan ◽  
Parvez Alam ◽  
Zulfiqar Ali ◽  
Javed Akhter Qureshi ◽  
Manzoor Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Loss ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Landslide Hazard ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Landuse Planning ◽  
Outburst Floods ◽  
Prone Area ◽  
Gilgit Baltistan

Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan is highly vulnerable and hazard-prone area according to National DisasterManagerment Authority, based on frequency of avalanches, landslides, glacier lake outburst floods, rockfall and flashfloods. These hazards have been quite frequent since 2010, potentially due to changing climatic conditions and uniquetectonic setting resulting in massive destruction, economic loss and human migration. In this study, geospatial techniques(GIS/RS) were used to identify landslide hazard with elements at risk. The resultant maps will be used for betterplanning and resilience of local communities. Landslide area has been marked based on field observations (GPS data).Risk category is ranked high, medium and low based on field observations, geological setting and historical landslidedata. There are six offshoots of MKT crossing parallel to each other along KKH from Chalt to Ahmadabad. Chalt fault iscrossing nearby the Mayoon landslide, which may affect the entire valley. This study identifies landslide as a majorhazard in the area.

scholarly journals Landslide Hazard Risk Assessment and Landuse Planning of Mayoon, Hunza, GilgitBaltistan, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Garee Khan ◽  
Parvez Alam ◽  
Zulfiqar Ali ◽  
Javed Akhter Qureshi ◽  
Manzoor Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Loss ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Landslide Hazard ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Landuse Planning ◽  
Outburst Floods ◽  
Prone Area ◽  
Gilgit Baltistan

Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan is highly vulnerable and hazard-prone area according to National DisasterManagerment Authority, based on frequency of avalanches, landslides, glacier lake outburst floods, rockfall and flashfloods. These hazards have been quite frequent since 2010, potentially due to changing climatic conditions and uniquetectonic setting resulting in massive destruction, economic loss and human migration. In this study, geospatial techniques(GIS/RS) were used to identify landslide hazard with elements at risk. The resultant maps will be used for betterplanning and resilience of local communities. Landslide area has been marked based on field observations (GPS data).Risk category is ranked high, medium and low based on field observations, geological setting and historical landslidedata. There are six offshoots of MKT crossing parallel to each other along KKH from Chalt to Ahmadabad. Chalt fault iscrossing nearby the Mayoon landslide, which may affect the entire valley. This study identifies landslide as a majorhazard in the area.

scholarly journals Status of Major Glaciers of Hunza River Basin, Under Changing Climatic Conditions of Pakistan Over the Period of (1990-2018)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajid Ali ◽  
Garee Khan ◽  
Wajid Hassan ◽  
Javed Akhter Qureshi ◽  
Iram Bano
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Outburst Floods ◽  
Glacial Lake Outburst Floods ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Hunza River

Abstract Ice masses and snow of Hunza River Basin (HRB) are an important primary source of fresh water and lifeline for downstream inhabitants. Changing climatic conditions seriously put an impact on these available ice and snow masses. These glaciers may affect downstream population by glacial lake outburst floods (GLOF) and surge events due to climatic variation. So, monitoring of these glaciers and available ice masses are important. This research delivers an approach for selected glaciers of the Hunza river basin. An attempt is made in this study using Landsat (OLI, ETM, ETM+, TM), digital elevation model (DEM), Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing techniques (RS&GIS) techniques. We delineated 27 glaciers within HRB from the period of 1990-2018. These glaciers' total area is about 2589.75 ±86km 2 in 1990 and about 2565.12 ±68km 2 in 2018. Our results revealed that from 2009 to 2015, glacier coverage of HRB advanced with a mean annual advance rate of 2.22±0.1 km 2 a -1 . Conversely, from 1994 to 1999, the strongest reduction in glacier area with a mean rate of - 3.126±0.3km 2 a -1 is recorded. The glaciers of HRB are relatively stable compared to Hindukush, Himalayan and Tibetan Plateau (TP) region of the world. The steep slope glacier's retreat rate is more than that of gentle slope glaciers, and the glaciers below elevation of 5000 m above sea level change significantly. Based on climate data from 1995-2018, HRB shows a decreasing trend in temperature and increasing precipitation. The glacier area's overall retreat is due to an increase in summer temperature while the glacier advancement is induced possibly by winter and autumn precipitation.

Paleoenvironmental context of the evolution of the Baodun Culture at Chengdu Plain, Sichuan Province, China

The Holocene ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1731-1742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Huang ◽  
Cheng Zhu ◽  
Chunmei Ma ◽  
Kunyu He ◽  
Jiajia Xu
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Alluvial Fan ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Chengdu Plain ◽  
Minjiang River ◽  
Archeological Evidence ◽  
Better Than

The Baodun Culture (4600–3700 a BP) is currently the earliest archeological culture found at the Chengdu Plain in southwestern China. Archeological evidence has shown that the Baodun Culture likely originated from the upper reaches of the Minjiang River, with two possible routes for human migration into the lower Chengdu Plain proposed: (1) At about 5000 a BP, favorable climatic conditions in the upper reaches of the Minjiang stimulated the growth of populations and the development of agriculture in the region. Due to this shift, some groups expanded from the upper Minjiang River to sites in the northern area of the Chengdu Plain, such as the Guiyuanqiao site; (2) during 4800–4300 a BP, a drying event occurred in the upper regions of the river valley causing a reduction in agricultural harvests and the migration of populations into sites – including the Baodun site – from this area of the Minjiang to the southwest piedmont of the Chengdu Plain. A multi-facetted study of the T3321 profile at Baodun site, including pollens, grain size, and geochemistry, demonstrates that after 6000 a BP, the climate of the Chengdu Plain shifted from cool, toward warmer and dryer conditions. However, as the Chengdu Plain is located in an alluvial fan, hydrothermal conditions here are still generally better than those in the upper reaches of Minjiang River. A change in the proportion of Concentricystes seen in the profile T3321 also indicates that after 4700 a BP, the lake and marsh areas associated with the Baodun site further decreased. However, as a result of this reduction, more terrestrial surfaces were exposed, providing favored space for Baodun Cultural groups in the area of the site. Due to such conditions, by about 4600 cal. a BP, people in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River had primarily moved to the southwest piedmont regions of the Chengdu Plain.

The Taraxacum Flora of Ladakh, with notes on the adjacent regions of the West Himalaya

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 457 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-409
Author(s):  
JAN KIRSCHNER ◽  
JAN ŠTĚPÁNEK ◽  
LEOŠ KLIMEŠ ◽  
MIROSLAV DVORSKÝ ◽  
JOSEF BRŮNA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Full Description ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
The North ◽  
West Himalaya ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
History Of ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Gilgit Baltistan

Ladakh (Jammu & Kashmir State, NW. India) is a region in the Trans-Himalaya between the Great Himalayan Range in the south and the eastern Karakoram in the north, at the southwestern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. Its flora, vegetation, ecology and climatic conditions were thoroughly studied by the late Leoš Klimeš. As regards the genus Taraxacum (Compositae-Crepidinae), Ladakh was an almost unexplored area. L. Klimeš accumulated an ample material (50 Ladakh species are exclusively based on his material), either as field samples or as cultivated specimens; together with further recent collections of other collectors, cultivated by JK & JŠ, and the historical herbarium material, it forms a basis for the present monograph. It presents a taxonomic treatment of all Taraxacum species documented from Ladakh, including notes on ecology and distribution, and notes on dandelions from adjacent regions, mainly Gilgit-Baltistan, Spiti, Lahaul and the cis-Himalayan Kashmir. Each species is characterized by a full description, photographs of involucre, capitulum and achenes, whenever available; species are arranged systematically in sections, the latter also with descriptions and identification keys including all the taxa from Ladakh and adjacent areas. Treatments of five sections include all or almost all of their members. Distribution maps and a complete list of specimens studied are given for all Ladakh dandelions. A comprehensive introduction in the vegetation of Ladakh, general features of the genus Taraxacum and the history of its exploration are also provided. As regards the Taraxacum diversity, the broader region covered by the present monograph includes representatives of one third of the world sectional diversity. One hundred and twenty one taxa, belonging to 19 sections, are given a full tratment in the monograph, including those from adjacent regions (the latter, 46 species, also with full descriptions and illustrations); the Ladakh proper harbours 76 taxa in 17 sections, one of which is described as new. Fifty one taxa are described as new for science, 42 from Ladakh, 9 from other regions. For all species, the mode of reproduction is given (mostly inferred from indirect indicators). Only seven species were found at least partly sexual (five of them outside the limits of the Ladakh proper); all the other taxa exhibit agamospermy. Ladakh and adjacent regions of Pakistan and India rank among the regions with the highest sectional and morphological Taraxacum diversities.

scholarly journals The rate and extent of windgap migration regulated by tributary confluences and avulsions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eitan Shelef ◽  
Liran Goren
Keyword(s):  
Migration Rate ◽  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Sediment Flux ◽  
Drainage Area ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Area Distribution ◽  
Natural Landscapes

Abstract. The location of drainage divides sets the distribution of discharge, erosion, and sediment flux between neighboring basins, and may shift through time in response to changing tectonic and climatic conditions. Major divides commonly coincide with ridgelines, where the drainage area is small and increases gradually downstream. In such settings, divide migration is attributed to slope imbalance across the divide that induces erosion rate gradients. However, in tectonically affected region, low-relief divides, windgaps, abound in elongated valleys, whose drainage area distribution is set by the topology of large, potentially avulsing side-tributaries. In this geometry, distinct dynamics and rate of along-valley windgap migration is expected, but this process remains largely unexplored. Inspired by field observations, we investigate along-valley windgap migration by simulating the evolution of synthetic and natural landscapes, and show that confluences with large side tributaries influence migration rate and extent. Such confluences facilitate stable windgap locations that deviate from intuitive expectations based on symmetry considerations. Avulsions of side tributaries can perturb stable windgap positions and avulsion frequency governs the velocity of windgap migration. Overall, our results suggest that tributaries and their avulsions may play a critical role in setting the rate and extent of windgap migration along valleys and thus the time scale of landscape adjustment to tectonic or climatic changes across some of the most tectonically affected regions of Earth, where windgaps are common.

scholarly journals Development of Drought Tolerant Rice Variety BRRI dhan66 for Rainfed Lowland Ecosystem of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55
Author(s):  
M A Kader ◽  
T L Aditya ◽  
R R Majumder ◽  
T K Hore ◽  
A K M Shalahuddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Commercial Cultivation ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Rainfed Lowland ◽  
Prone Area

A newly released drought tolerant rice variety BRRI dhan66 suitable for rainfed lowland ecosystem of Bangladesh is an improvement over existing drought tolerant rice varieties. The variety has satisfactorily been passed in the proposed variety trial conducted in the farmers’ field. As a result, National Seed Board (NSB) approved this variety for commercial cultivation in the wet season (T. Aman) in 2014. It has modern plant type with 120 cm plant height and matures in 110-115 days. The important feature of this variety is higher drought tolerance during reproductive stage. It can produce 4.5-5.0 t/ha grain yield without irrigation during reproductive stage. It can produce satisfactory yield when soil moisture remains <20% and perch water table depth is more than 70-80 cm from the surface. The seed size of the variety is 24 g with intermediate long bold grain. It has long, wide and erect flag leaf with deep green colour. It is highly promising as a drought tolerant rice variety for cultivation in the drought prone area, which helps farmers’ to get rid of huge economic loss and is contributing in sustaining food security. Bangladesh Rice j. 2019, 23(1): 45-55

scholarly journals Rockfall Hazard Assessment in Volcanic Regions Based on ISVS and IRVS Geomechanical Indices

Geosciences ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Luis I. González de Vallejo ◽  
Luis E. Hernández-Gutiérrez ◽  
Ana Miranda ◽  
Mercedes Ferrer
Keyword(s):  
Slope Stability ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Slope Instability ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Rockfall Hazard ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
Potential Damage

In volcanic regions, rockfalls represent a major hazard strongly conditioned by the geomechanical behaviour of volcanic materials, the geomorphological characteristics of the relief and the climatic conditions. Volcanic rocks possess very different properties to those of other lithological groups, presenting highly heterogeneous geomechanical behaviours. Nevertheless, they have received little research attention in the field of geological and geotechnical engineering. To date, the application of geomechanical classifications to characterise and estimate volcanic slope stability has not yielded reliable results, indicating the need to establish specific criteria for these rocks. Consequently, we developed indices to estimate rockfall susceptibility, hazard and risk in volcanic slopes. The index of susceptibility for volcanic slopes (ISVS) is designed to estimate slope susceptibility to instability, which is related to the level of hazard, while the index of risk for volcanic slopes (IRVS) is designed to estimate the level of risk as a function of the potential damage or economic loss caused as a result of rockfalls on slopes. Both indices were developed in order to provide an easily applied procedure that facilitates the adoption of short-term preventive measures against rockfalls. The indices were applied in Tenerife (Canary Islands), which presents exceptional conditions for analysing slope stability in volcanic rocks because of its mountainous orography with very steep slopes and a wide variety of materials. These conditions have frequently precipitated slope instability, causing significant damage to housing, beaches, roads and other infrastructures. After applying these indices to a number of slopes representative of the island’s wide variety of geological, geomorphological and climatic conditions, the results obtained were compared with the actual behaviour of the slopes, determined from extensive rockfall inventory data and in situ geomechanical surveys.

scholarly journals Tata Guna Lahan Bukit Lawang sebagai Kawasan Wisata Berkelanjutan

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurlisa Ginting ◽  
Selly Veronica
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
National Park ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Landuse Planning ◽  
Tourism Potential

Bukit Lawang merupakan bagian dari kawasan konservasi Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser (TNGL) yang menjadi tujuan wisata di Kabupaten Langkat. Aktivitas wisata dan konservasi yang terdapat di Bukit Lawang harus diakomodasi dengan adanya perencanaan tata guna lahan yang tepat. Tata guna lahan Bukit Lawang sebagai kawasan konservasi yang tidak direncanakan dengan mempertimbangkan adanya aktivitas wisata dapat menyebabkan gangguan terhadap kelestarian kawasan. Sebagai bagian dari kawasan konservasi maka perecanaan tata guna lahan yang paling tepat dilakukan untuk memaksimalkan potensi wisata Bukit Lawang adalah dengan konsep wisata berkelanjutan. Penelitian tata guna lahan Bukit Lawang ini dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif dimana data yang digunakan adalah data hasil observasi lapangan dan kajian literatur. Analisa pada ata guna lahan menggunakan tiga elemen yaitu pembatasan zona; pembagian fungsi; dan peningkatan nilai kawasan. Penelitian ini menghasilkan perencanaan tata guna lahan Bukit Lawang sebagai kawasan wisata berkelanjutan   Bukit Lawang is part of the conservation area of Mountain Leuser National Park (Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser / TNGL) whichis a tourist destination in Langkat Regency. The tourism and conservation activities in Bukit Lawang must be accommodated withthe right land use planning. The use of Bukit Lawang land as a conservation area that is not planned by considering the existenceof tourist activities can disrupt the sustainability of the area. As part of a conservation area, the most appropriate land use planning to maximize Bukit Lawang's tourism potential is the concept of sustainable tourism. The Bukit Lawang land use research wasconducted with a qualitative method where the data used were data from field observations and literature studies. Analysis of landuse uses three elements, namely zone limitation; division of functions; and increasing regional value. This research resulted in landuse planning for Bukit Lawang as a sustainable tourism area.

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